Neurointervention最新文献

{"title":"Catastrophic Rebleeding during Woven EndoBridge Treatment of a Large Ruptured Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm with a Fetal-Type Posterior Communicating Artery: A Case Report.","authors":"Koki Tanaka, Ichiro Nakahara, Kosuke Kakumoto, Daichi Baba, Shigenari Kin","doi":"10.5469/neuroint.2026.00255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5469/neuroint.2026.00255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intraprocedural rupture during Woven EndoBridge (WEB) treatment is most commonly reported in the early deployment phase, whereas rebleeding after substantial deployment is considered rare. We report a patient in their early 90s with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a large ruptured internal carotid artery aneurysm with a fetal-type posterior communicating artery. After initial deployment, the bleb was already covered by the lateral surface of the device. During partial resheathing and repositioning to preserve the branch, the WEB rotated slightly, altering the configuration of the device relative to the bleb and thereby changing device-aneurysm wall interaction. Retrospective assessment of the procedural recording later suggested minimal contrast leakage just above the bleb, although massive hemorrhage became evident only during the final angiographic runs after detachment. Rescue treatment with balloon occlusion and n-butyl cyanoacrylate embolization achieved hemostasis; however, postprocedural cone-beam computed tomography revealed a massive intracerebral hematoma, and the patient died 3 days later despite supportive care. This case underscores that even after substantial deployment, repositioning maneuvers may carry a risk under specific high-risk conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19140,"journal":{"name":"Neurointervention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closed-Circuit Dual-Port Injector System for Fully Automated Contrast Delivery in Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography.","authors":"Mohammad Rashad, Om Gandhi, Sami Almasri, Suraj Dumasia, Nathan Yu, Warda Ahmed, Jaeha Kim, Giuseppe Lanzino, Linda Bagley, Omar Choudhri","doi":"10.5469/neuroint.2026.00283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5469/neuroint.2026.00283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>During diagnostic cerebral angiography, catheter navigation requires manual contrast \"puff\" injections, while subsequent 2D/3D runs often use automated power injectors. Using power injectors for navigation puffs has not been described. We present a closed-circuit dual-port injector system (Nemoto Press Duo Elite) that integrates both navigation puff delivery and diagnostic run injection into a single automated platform, eliminating all manual tableside contrast handling. A foot pedal interface enables operator-controlled puff timing, potentially reducing contrast waste and air embolism risk while improving single-operator ergonomics with future remote robotic implications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective comparative cohort study compared 19 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography with foot pedal-controlled puff injections (June-July 2023) to 19 historical controls using manual hand injections (May 2021). Both groups used 90% contrast concentration. Fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, contrast utilization, and safety outcomes were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Groups were demographically matched (mean age 52.1±14.2 vs. 50.2±12.9 years; 73.7% female). All 38 procedures achieved diagnostic adequacy with no complications. The foot pedal group demonstrated significantly shorter procedure time per vessel (11.5±4.4 vs. 18.9±10.5 min/vessel, P=0.010) with no significant differences in fluoroscopy time (P=0.171), radiation dose (P=0.690), or contrast delivered (88.7±30.9 vs. 88.2±42.5 mL, P=0.966). A trend toward improved contrast efficiency was observed (23.4±9.4 vs. 27.4±10.4 mL/vessel, P=0.226). Despite undergoing significantly more 3D rotational runs (1.3±1.0 vs. 0.6±0.7, P=0.030), the foot pedal group maintained comparable safety metrics, strengthening the non-inferiority findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A closed-circuit dual-port injector system integrating automated navigation puff delivery with diagnostic run injection demonstrates non-inferiority to manual injection for diagnostic cerebral angiography, with shorter procedure time per vessel (39% reduction, P=0.010), though interpretation is limited by differences in indication distribution. By eliminating manual tableside contrast handling, this approach enables precise digital contrast accounting and reduces air embolism risk, establishing a foundation for remote and robotic angiography applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19140,"journal":{"name":"Neurointervention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesions and Clinical Outcomes after Carotid Artery Stenting in Symptomatic Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.","authors":"Kwon-Duk Seo, Taemin Kim, Minsoo Sung, Sang Hyun Suh","doi":"10.5469/neuroint.2026.00192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5469/neuroint.2026.00192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an established alternative to carotid endarterectomy for selected patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. Although predictors of periprocedural ischemic lesions detected on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been described, the relationship between these lesions and long-term functional outcomes remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify factors associated with early ischemic lesions after CAS and to evaluate whether these lesions are associated with 1-year clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 190 patients who underwent CAS for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis at a single tertiary center. The primary outcome was the occurrence of new ischemic lesions on DWI within 24 hours after CAS. Secondary outcomes included periprocedural ischemic or hemorrhagic complications, recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular events within 1-year, restenosis at 1-year, and functional outcome at 1-year assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of early embolic lesions and good functional outcome (mRS 0-2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>New ischemic lesions on DWI were identified in 52 patients (27.4%). In multivariable analysis, atrial fibrillation was independently associated with early ischemic lesions (odds ratio, 4.747; 95% confidence interval, 1.133-19.888; P=0.033), whereas lesion severity and procedural factors were not. Periprocedural ischemic stroke with neurological deterioration occurred in 2.1% of patients, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 1.1%. Good functional outcome (mRS 0-2) at 1-year was achieved in 82.1% of patients. New ischemic lesions were not independently associated with 1-year functional outcome, whereas baseline neurological severity was the primary determinant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>New ischemic lesions on DWI were frequently observed after CAS but were not associated with long-term functional outcome. CAS was associated with low periprocedural complication rates and favorable 1-year outcomes in symptomatic patients treated at an experienced center.</p>","PeriodicalId":19140,"journal":{"name":"Neurointervention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-Guided Retrograde Internal Jugular Venous Puncture in Neurointerventional Procedures.","authors":"Jan Mohd Suhail, Santhosh Babu Kannan Bharathy, Shikhar Garg, Shoban Haridass, Shyamkumar Nidugala Keshava","doi":"10.5469/neuroint.2025.00745","DOIUrl":"10.5469/neuroint.2025.00745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided retrograde internal jugular venous (IJV) puncture in neurointerventional procedures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This single-centre retrospective study evaluates data collected over 20 years. All punctures were performed under general anaesthesia using ultrasound guidance. The data were analyzed to assess patient demographics, indications and potential advantages, the technique of puncture, safety, outcomes, and complications associated with such punctures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 60 patients (males: n=38, 63%; females: n=22, 37%). The median age was 33 years (range 13-73 years). A total of 74 retrograde jugular punctures were performed. Isolated right-sided punctures were done in 31 patients (52%), isolated left-sided punctures in 18 (30%), and 11 patients (18%) underwent bilateral punctures. The preferred access needle was an 18G needle; however, micropuncture access was used in some patients. No inadvertent arterial punctures were encountered. The most common indication was mechanical thrombectomy for cerebral venous thrombosis (62%). Other indications included transvenous embolization of carotid-cavernous fistulae (16%), embolization of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulae (8%), inferior petrosal sinus sampling (8%), and cerebral venous sinus angioplasty or stenting (6%). In all procedures, the expected technical outcome was achieved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultrasound-guided retrograde IJV puncture is a safe and effective method for accessing neurovascular pathologies requiring a transvenous approach. Based on our experience, this access has been routinely used without any major complications. We foresee the technique being accepted on a larger scale in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19140,"journal":{"name":"Neurointervention","volume":" ","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145648981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transulnar Arterial Access for Intra-Operative Cerebral Angiography during Prone Cerebrovascular Surgery.","authors":"Hasan Ahmad, Om Gandhi, Jaskeerat Gujral, Rashad Jabarkheel, Sartaaj Walia, Sandeep Kandregula, Omar Choudhri","doi":"10.5469/neuroint.2025.00934","DOIUrl":"10.5469/neuroint.2025.00934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We reviewed our experience using transulnar access (TUA) to obtain intraoperative cerebral angiography during prone surgery for vascular pathology, where conventional transfemoral and transradial access can be difficult. Ten consecutive patients treated between April 2020 and August 2025 were included. Ulnar artery access was obtained in the supine position before the patient was turned prone for surgery, and angiography was performed after the procedure without repositioning. Eight patients had arteriovenous malformations and 2 had dural arteriovenous fistulas. In all cases, intraoperative angiography was successfully completed through the ulnar artery. The mean ulnar artery diameter was 2.4 mm, indicating adequate vessel size for catheterization, and mean fluoroscopy time was 7.5 minutes. No immediate access-site complications occurred, and no case required conversion to another access route. These findings suggest that TUA is technically feasible and may provide a practical option for intraoperative cerebral angiography when prone positioning limits access to traditional arterial sites. Although the study is limited by its small sample size and retrospective design, the consistent procedural success supports further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19140,"journal":{"name":"Neurointervention","volume":" ","pages":"35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145775139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traxcess-14 Microguidewire-Assisted Electrocoagulation as a Therapeutic Option for Basilar Artery Pseudoaneurysm: A Case Report.","authors":"Zifeng Dai, Junjun Zhang, Jianfei Zhang, Fanyong Gong, Shengjun Zhou","doi":"10.5469/neuroint.2025.01109","DOIUrl":"10.5469/neuroint.2025.01109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Basilar artery pseudoaneurysm (BAPA) is an extremely rare yet life-threatening intracranial vascular lesion, characterized by insidious clinical onset and a remarkably high mortality risk upon rupture. In this case report, we describe a patient who was admitted to our department with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Emergency digital subtraction angiography performed on admission revealed no vascular anomalies. One month after SAH onset, a comprehensive multimodal imaging evaluation ultimately confirmed the diagnosis of BAPA. Given the technical challenges in conventional management for this specific case, Traxcess-14 microguidewire-assisted endovascular electrocoagulation was performed as a last-resort therapy. Finally, follow-up imaging at 6 months demonstrated complete resolution of BAPA. Thus, we propose that Traxcess-14 microguidewire-assisted endovascular electrocoagulation may serve as a potential salvage treatment for highly selective BAPA cases in which conventional therapeutic approaches are unfeasible or have failed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19140,"journal":{"name":"Neurointervention","volume":" ","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage to Polymer Coatings on Microguidewire Tips through Shaping and J-wiring for Optimizing Flow Diverter Deployment: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study.","authors":"Rasmus Holmboe Dahl, Esben Thormann, René Wugt Larsen, Goetz Benndorf","doi":"10.5469/neuroint.2025.01130","DOIUrl":"10.5469/neuroint.2025.01130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achieving adequate wall apposition is a crucial technical goal when deploying flow diverters to treat wide-neck cerebral aneurysms. The socalled J-wiring technique is a common method used to optimize flow diverter wall apposition. However, the frictional interaction between the shaping device and the microguidewire tip during the formation of the J-loop, as well as the interaction between the J-loop and the flow diverter during J-wiring, may potentially cause damage to the guidewire's coating. Three frequently used guidewires were tested in vitro in a silicone aneurysm model. Manual J-shaping of guidewire tips, along with the J-wiring technique (including J-shaping), caused damage to the surface coating of guidewires, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, both mechanisms may contribute to the generation of polymer micro-fragments in patients treated with flow diversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19140,"journal":{"name":"Neurointervention","volume":" ","pages":"44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Flow-Diverter Implantation in Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Safety and Outcomes in a Resource-Limited Setting.","authors":"Vinayagamani Selvadasan, Satheesh Grahadhurai, Arunkumar Moses Joseph, Arunkumar Natrajan, Rama Shankari Padmanabhan, A K Kabhilan","doi":"10.5469/neuroint.2025.01053","DOIUrl":"10.5469/neuroint.2025.01053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Flow-diverting stents (FDs) provide a reconstructive option for complex ruptured aneurysms, including blister-like, fusiform, and small saccular lesions. Their use in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is limited by dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and hemorrhagic risk, with scarce data from resource-limited settings.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 26 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with FDs within 7 days of ictus at a single tertiary center (July 2021-June 2025). Exclusion criteria included adjunctive coiling/clipping, FD placement >7 days, and aneurysms >5 mm. Outcomes included 90-day functional status (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]), angiographic occlusion (O'Kelly-Marotta grading), and procedural complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 47.3±12.1 years; 61.5% were male. Aneurysm types were saccular (42.3%), blister-like (34.6%), and fusiform/dissecting (23.1%). FD placement occurred at a mean of 3.9±1.8 days post-ictus, with 100% technical success and no intraprocedural complications. Favorable functional outcome (mRS 0-2) was achieved in 84.6%, and mortality was 15.4%, all secondary to SAH. Complete angiographic occlusion was observed in all 21 patients with imaging follow-up. Procedure-related ischemic complications occurred in 11.5%, mostly transient or minimally disabling, with 1 disabling infarct (mRS 3); no hemorrhagic events related to DAPT or aneurysm rebleeds were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early FD implantation in carefully selected ruptured aneurysms, including small saccular and morphologically complex lesions can achieve high functional recovery and complete angiographic occlusion, even in a resource-limited environment. Ideal case selection and standardized DAPT and hemodynamic protocols are critical. These findings support broader use in challenging aneurysms, but larger prospective studies are warranted to validate outcomes and refine management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19140,"journal":{"name":"Neurointervention","volume":" ","pages":"19-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146156194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Aspiration as First-Line Technique for Acute Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion: Preliminary Results.","authors":"Miguel Ramírez-Torres, Blanca Fuentes, Andrés Fernández-Prieto, Alberto Álvarez-Muelas, Andrés Javier Barrios, Remedios Frutos, Cristina Utrilla, Marc Comas-Cufi, Josep Puig, Pedro Navia","doi":"10.5469/neuroint.2025.01200","DOIUrl":"10.5469/neuroint.2025.01200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acute intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion has high clot burden and poor outcomes. No consensus exists on optimal first-line mechanical thrombectomy (MT) using direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT), stent retriever (SR) alone, or combined thrombectomy (non-ADAPT). We compared outcomes between ADAPT and non-ADAPT strategies for ICA occlusion.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data were collected from a comprehensive stroke center between January 2019 and August 2024. Patients with intracranial ICA occlusions were divided into ADAPT and non-ADAPT groups. Demographic, clinical, angiographic, and clinical outcomes (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score at 24 hours and modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score at 3 months) were compared. Good functional outcome was defined as a mRS score of 0-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 85 patients (mean age, 75 years; 47% females), 60 (70.6%) received ADAPT and 25 (29.4%) non-ADAPT (18 with aspiration and SR combined and 7 with SR alone). ADAPT achieved successful recanalization with shorter procedure time (median, 32 minutes vs. 60 minutes, P=0.001), higher modified Treatment In Cerebral Ischemia (mTICI) recanalization rates (final mTICI 2c-3, 75% vs. 52%; P=0.038; mTICI 2b-3, 98.3% vs. 88%; P=0.074), and better outcomes at 3 months (mRS ≤2, 47% vs. 22%; P=0.039). Multivariate analysis showed NIHSS at discharge as the only significant predictor of good functional outcome at 3 months (odds ratio [OR] 0.68, P<0.001), while ADAPT exhibited a trend toward significance (OR 5.10, P=0.075).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ADAPT exceeded other strategies for intracranial ICA occlusion as first-line technique, achieving faster recanalization and potentially impacting long-term functional outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19140,"journal":{"name":"Neurointervention","volume":"21 1","pages":"6-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147276726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding Precision in Endovascular Stroke Therapy: Thrombectomy Technique Refinement and Preventive Intervention in Contemporary Neurointervention.","authors":"Jang-Hyun Baek","doi":"10.5469/neuroint.2026.00101","DOIUrl":"10.5469/neuroint.2026.00101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19140,"journal":{"name":"Neurointervention","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}