Law & Psychology eJournal最新文献_第6页

Conspiracy Theories 阴谋论

Law & Psychology eJournal Pub Date : 2008-01-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1084585

C. Sunstein, Adrian Vermeule

{"title":"Conspiracy Theories","authors":"C. Sunstein, Adrian Vermeule","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1084585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1084585","url":null,"abstract":"Many millions of people hold conspiracy theories; they believe that powerful people have worked together in order to withhold the truth about some important practice or some terrible event. A recent example is the belief, widespread in some parts of the world, that the attacks of 9/11 were carried out not by Al Qaeda, but by Israel or the United States. Those who subscribe to conspiracy theories may create serious risks, including risks of violence, and the existence of such theories raises significant challenges for policy and law. The first challenge is to understand the mechanisms by which conspiracy theories prosper; the second challenge is to understand how such theories might be undermined. Such theories typically spread as a result of identifiable cognitive blunders, operating in conjunction with informational and reputational influences. A distinctive feature of conspiracy theories is their self-sealing quality. Conspiracy theorists are not likely to be persuaded by an attempt to dispel their theories; they may even characterize that very attempt as further proof of the conspiracy. Because those who hold conspiracy theories typically suffer from a crippled epistemology, in accordance with which it is rational to hold such theories, the best response consists in cognitive infiltration of extremist groups. Various policy dilemmas, such as the question whether it is better for government to rebut conspiracy theories or to ignore them, are explored in this light.","PeriodicalId":191231,"journal":{"name":"Law & Psychology eJournal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127525154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 290

The Second National Risk and Culture Study: Making Sense of - and Making Progress In - The American Culture War of Fact 第二次国家风险与文化研究:理解并推进美国文化事实之战

Law & Psychology eJournal Pub Date : 2007-10-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1017189

D. Kahan, Donald Braman, P. Slovic, John Gastil, Geoffrey L. Cohen

{"title":"The Second National Risk and Culture Study: Making Sense of - and Making Progress In - The American Culture War of Fact","authors":"D. Kahan, Donald Braman, P. Slovic, John Gastil, Geoffrey L. Cohen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1017189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1017189","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural Cognition refers to the disposition to conform one's beliefs about societal risks to one's preferences for how society should be organized. Based on surveys and experiments involving some 5,000 Americans, the Second National Risk and Culture Study presents empirical evidence of the effect of this dynamic in generating conflict about global warming, school shootings, domestic terrorism, nanotechnology, and the mandatory vaccination of school-age girls against HPV, among other issues. The Study also presents evidence of risk-communication strategies that counteract cultural cognition. Because nuclear power affirms rather than threatens the identity of persons who hold individualist values, for example, proposing it as a solution to global warming makes persons who hold such values more willing to consider evidence that climate change is a serious risk. Because people tend to impute credibility to people who share their values, persons who hold hierarchical and egalitarian values are less likely to polarize when they observe people who hold their values advocating unexpected positions on the vaccination of young girls against HPV. Such techniques can help society to create a deliberative climate in which citizens converge on policies that are both instrumentally sound and expressively congenial to persons of diverse values.","PeriodicalId":191231,"journal":{"name":"Law & Psychology eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127208585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 127

Looking Beneath the Surface: The Impact of Psychology on Corporate Decision Making 表面之下看:心理学对企业决策的影响

Law & Psychology eJournal Pub Date : 2007-06-18 DOI: 10.1108/03090550710816500

Kath Hall

引用次数: 15

What is the Fundamental Difference between the Thomist and Hobbesian Theories of the Will? 托马斯主义和霍布斯的意志理论的根本区别是什么?

Law & Psychology eJournal Pub Date : 2007-05-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.985165

T. Donahue

{"title":"What is the Fundamental Difference between the Thomist and Hobbesian Theories of the Will?","authors":"T. Donahue","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.985165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.985165","url":null,"abstract":"As is well known, there are special tensions between Hobbesian moral psychology and Thomist moral psychology, on the one hand; and between the Hobbesian theory of free will and its Thomist rival, on the other. But what is the fundamental difference between the Thomist and Hobbesian theories of the will? This paper argues that the fundamental difference consists in three things. First, that Hobbes's theory omits, while Aquinas's theory relies on, appeals to such theoretical entities as reason, goodness, intellect, soul, and choice. Second, that Hobbes's theory admits, while Aquinas's theory denies, that brute animals have wills. Third, that Hobbes's theory denies, while Aquinas's theory grants, that the question, Is the will free? has sense. Call these differences the threefold difference, and this thesis the Threefold Difference Thesis. This thesis the paper argues for as follows. Part 2 argues that any theory of the will has nine chief features. It must answer nine questions: What is the will's nature? What is its internal structure? What is its external structure? What is its tendency? What are its functions? What is the class of will-bearers? What if anything does a volition consist in? What does voluntariness consist in? What if anything does free will consist in? Parts 3 and 4 then describe how Hobbes's and Aquinas's theories of the will answer each of these questions. Part 5 then uses these descriptions to argue for the Threefold Difference Thesis. Part 6 meets an objection to the Thesis. The objection is the thesis, inspired by the work of Thomas Pink, that the fundamental difference between the two theories is that the Thomist theory accepts a practical reason-based conception of agency, while the Hobbesian theory rejects it. Part 7 concludes the paper by considering some new questions the inquiry has broached.","PeriodicalId":191231,"journal":{"name":"Law & Psychology eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115095958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why Hasn't the World Gotten to Yes? An Appreciation and Some Reflections 为什么世界还没有得到肯定?欣赏与思考

Law & Psychology eJournal Pub Date : 2006-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/j.1571-9979.2006.00119.x

Carrie Menkel‐Meadow

引用次数: 26

The Situation: An Introduction to the Situational Character, Critical Realism, Power Economics, and Deep Capture 情境:情境特征、批判现实主义、权力经济学和深度捕捉导论

Law & Psychology eJournal Pub Date : 2003-11-01 DOI: 10.2307/3313062

John D. Hanson, D. Yosifon

{"title":"The Situation: An Introduction to the Situational Character, Critical Realism, Power Economics, and Deep Capture","authors":"John D. Hanson, D. Yosifon","doi":"10.2307/3313062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3313062","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces an innovative approach to legal theory which the authors call \"critical realism.\" The approach endeavors to integrate insights of social psychology, and affiliated social sciences, together with the methods of conventional economic analysis, as well as traditional methods of legal inquiry. Canvassing robust findings from across the behavioral sciences, the authors articulate a framework for thinking about human agency in legal analysis that the authors call \"the situational character,\" a conception which is meant to provide a more scientifically grounded understanding of the sources of human behavior and decision-making then is provided by the \"rational actor\" model that has become so prominent in legal scholarship through the influence of the law and economics movement. The authors further explore the extend to which market-actors, such as corporations, have a stake in promoting to consumers and to policymakers the rational-actor model of human agency, even as market pressures are likely to lead such market-actors to understand and exploit the reality of the \"situational character.\" The authors refer to such efforts on the part of market-actors as \"deep capture,\" an extension of the conception of administrative \"capture\" long understood by public choice theorists. The authors review several historical episodes and scholarly debates through the innovative framework that their article provides, and suggest many avenues of future research and development of the framework.","PeriodicalId":191231,"journal":{"name":"Law & Psychology eJournal","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129175653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 95

An Economic Approach to the Psychology of Change: Amnesia, Inertia, and Impulsiveness 变化心理学的经济学方法:失忆、惯性和冲动

Law & Psychology eJournal Pub Date : 2001-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.269611

D. Hirshleifer, I. Welch

引用次数: 13