{"title":"[Effects of \"non-quantal\" acetylcholine on the sensitivity of the postsynaptic membrane: action of ouabain and imitation of these effects by exogenous acetylcholine].","authors":"R A Giniatullin, T I Oranskaia, R N Khazipov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Development of postsynaptic potentiation (PSP) and desensitization (DS) caused by \"non-quantal\" acetylcholine after acetylcholinesterase inhibition was studied by means of ouabain, an agent known to modulate (initially increase and then decrease) the level of non-quantal secretion of ACh. Ouabain had no effect on the MEPC parameters when AChE was active. After AChE inhibition ouabain initially increased the decay time constant of MEPC (tau), i.e. caused postsynaptic potentiation (PSP). This effect of ouabain grew with time between inhibition of AChE and application of ouabain. The PSP stage was followed by shortening of MEPCs decay, due to the development of desensitization (DS), and that process was more pronounced than in control. Applied before AChE inhibition, ouabain had no effect on tau. Thus neither PSP nor DS developed under those conditions. Exogenous ACh (20 nmol/l) applied simultaneously with inhibitor of AChE partially prevented the shortening of MEPCs decay, but decreased the amplitude of MEPC. Applied after MEPCs shortening, exogenous ACh (50 nmol/l) tended to return the initial value of tau. It is concluded that nonquantal ACh produces PSP and DS on the postsynaptic membrane after inhibition of ACh and that the DS persists after cessation of nonquantal secretion for a long time.</p>","PeriodicalId":19121,"journal":{"name":"Neirofiziologiia = Neurophysiology","volume":"24 4","pages":"396-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12607011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Cytophotometric and electrophysiologic analysis of the role of the celiac plexus in maintaining temperature homeostasis in cold stress in rats].","authors":"V I Lapsha, T A Petruchuk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of the celiac plexus in maintaining temperature homeostasis in rats during cold stress was studied histochemically, ultrastructurally, and electrophysiologically. Inhibition on efferent impulses in preganglionic (splanchnic) nerves and facilitation in postganglionic (superior mesenteric) nerves during a short-term cold exposure leading to slight hypothermia were found. In cold-exposed animals after the celiac plexus decentralization, the neurons showed an increase in the fluorescence intensity and activity of energy metabolism enzymes, hyperplasia of fine structures responsible for protein synthesis and energy supply of cells. It is suggested that during cold stress when efferent impulse flow in preganglionic nerves markedly decreases, the celiac plexus becomes a regulatory centre for autonomic functions involved in the maintenance of temperature homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19121,"journal":{"name":"Neirofiziologiia = Neurophysiology","volume":"24 6","pages":"659-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12663967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Changes in muscle tissue in vertebrogenic myofascial syndromes].","authors":"V V Gongal'skiĭ, T V Andreenko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The carrying ability of a spinal disc disturbed under axis load is found to be due to the displacement of a vertebra lying above it. The constant stretching of the extensively innervated soft tissues of the spine brings about a steady irritation process within the limits of the segmental part of the spinal cord and dysfunction of short profound muscles of the back.</p>","PeriodicalId":19121,"journal":{"name":"Neirofiziologiia = Neurophysiology","volume":"24 3","pages":"298-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12682323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Variations of neuronal responses in cat cerebral cortex to somatic stimulation in the presence of additional stimulants].","authors":"B I Busel', A P Kniga","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuronal responses (areas 3, 4, 5) were registered in awake cats after electric stimulation of the contralateralis limb. External stimuli, food and defensive motivation inhibit short-latency neuronal reactions which were registered in control. When in the experiment there was electric stimulation of another limb instead of an external stimuli the neuronal reaction did not change. If subthreshold electric stimulation (SES) was given with a perceptible stimulation of such modality the spike neuronal responses appeared in either cases. This SES may be used as a conditional signal during defensive conditioning. It is established that the neuronal pattern under somatic stimulation is not constant. Its character is connected with fluctuation of cat's exteroceptive attention under external stimuli and internal motivational condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19121,"journal":{"name":"Neirofiziologiia = Neurophysiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12751953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Interactions of the superior colliculus and the sensorimotor cortex in the alert rabbit].","authors":"F B Kulieva, L E Kul'gavin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tonic increased influence of the superior colliculus (SC) on the formation of visual responses of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) was shown on the alert rabbits. It was shown that SC influence was realized through tectothalamocortical (nucleus lateralis posterior) canal relation. It was established that SMC of the alert rabbits in its turn exerts the inhibitory phasic influence on SC function. The obtained data are discussed in the light of participation of the colliculo-cortical and cortico-collicular interactions in the organization of the visual-motor coordination necessary for realization of the visual controlled behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":19121,"journal":{"name":"Neirofiziologiia = Neurophysiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12751954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M G Belekhova, D D Chkheidze, N P Veselkin, N B Kenigfest, I L Kratskin, Zh P'err, Zh Reperan
{"title":"[Distribution of GABA-immunoreactive elements in the reptile amygdaloid complex].","authors":"M G Belekhova, D D Chkheidze, N P Veselkin, N B Kenigfest, I L Kratskin, Zh P'err, Zh Reperan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>GABA-immunoreactive (GABA-I) elements (neuronal somata and neuropile) are detected in turtle Emys orbicularis and lizard Ophysaurus spodus in all structures of ventral and dorsal parts of amygdaloid complex (AC) considered as phylogenetic more ancient and younger, respectively by means of the immunohistochemical method. Their maximal quantity in the ventral section of AC is found in the lateral region, lesser--in the ventral, central and medial regions. Besides in lizards a specialized laminar distribution of GABA-I elements in n. sphaericus is observed. GABA-I neurons are also detected in structures of dorsal part in turtles and lizards against the background of the immunopositive neuropile of a moderate density. It is supposed that GABA-ergic innervation of AC is liable to considerable variations in connection with taxonomic, ecological and other factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19121,"journal":{"name":"Neirofiziologiia = Neurophysiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"68-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12751956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Influence of ethanol on the background activity of neurons in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the cat].","authors":"V S Raĭtses, D V Semeniv","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single intravenous administration of ethanol (1 g/kg) to experimental cats influences 95% of investigated neurons of the lateral vestibular nucleus. In most (56.5%) neurons possessing primarily high-frequency background activity of the uninterrupted arrhythmic type ethanol administration has caused a decrease in the impulsation frequency by 84-93%; 14.5% neurons of the burst-group activity demonstrate a primary distinct increase of the average frequency of discharges, prolongation of bursts and the numbers of impulses in them changed 20-30 min after ethanol administration by sharp inhibition of the background activity up to its complete ceasing. A distinct exciting effect has arisen due to the ethanol effect during the whole period of observation in 23.6% of neurons mostly with primary low frequency of the background activity. The rehabilitation of the activity up to the primary level as a rule did not appear even 90 min later. Repeated administration of ethanol in the same dose has induced a cumulative effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":19121,"journal":{"name":"Neirofiziologiia = Neurophysiology","volume":"24 2","pages":"145-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12765042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V V Rybal'chenko, N V Prevarskaia, R N Skryma, A I Luĭk
{"title":"[Effects of short-term application of glutamate-containing solution on isolated rat hippocampal neurons].","authors":"V V Rybal'chenko, N V Prevarskaia, R N Skryma, A I Luĭk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"concentration clamp\" technique has been modified to realize fast and short-term application of a transmitter to whole neuron followed by its fast washout. Prolonged glutamate application evoked activation of the desensitized current. The application time was shortened to intervals when the washout corresponded to unfinished desensitization of the current. Shortening of the glutamate application term to some milliseconds resulted in arising of fast currents which maximal amplitude appreciably exceeded that of currents evoked by prolonged glutamate application. The role of both components under real synaptic conditions is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19121,"journal":{"name":"Neirofiziologiia = Neurophysiology","volume":"24 4","pages":"491-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12532402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G Kh Abeuova, S Zh Tleulin, A V Chemeris, M B Abuziarova, S A Ibragimova
{"title":"[The interrelationship of pain and temperature reception in human skin].","authors":"G Kh Abeuova, S Zh Tleulin, A V Chemeris, M B Abuziarova, S A Ibragimova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Local cooling (14-16 degrees C) and warming (40-42 degrees C) of different crus areas or healthy volunteers have been studied for their effect on pain sensitivity. The latter was estimated by means of the tibialis anterior flexor reflex (FR) and EMC-recording. It was established that changes in FR parameters depended not on the thermostimulus modality, but on its position. The FR was enhanced when the warm or cold stimulus was applied over the ipsilateral tested flexor muscle, and it was mainly inhibited when the thermostimulus was over the extensor or contralateral flexor. An assumption is made that the loss of the temperature modality is caused by convergence of temperature and pain information to the spinal interneurons of the \"bimodal type\". These neurons change their impulse activity under the effect of both temperature modalities. Different reactions of FR on thermostimulation of different areas of the crus are explained by the locomotor generation control of afferent information.</p>","PeriodicalId":19121,"journal":{"name":"Neirofiziologiia = Neurophysiology","volume":"24 5","pages":"604-11; discussion 633-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12606601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Evoked activity of spinal cord neurons in the early period after cutting the sciatic nerve].","authors":"E A Makiĭ, I Ia Serdiuchenko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The character of evoked activity of motoneurons, interneurons and Renshaw cells of white rats in low lumbar segments of the spinal cord was studied 5 days after cutting of sciatic nerves. A trustworthy rise of the amplitude of the excited postsynaptic potential (EPSP) of motoneurons on the side of nerve cutting was found. No reliable change of the membrane potential and threshold of the action potential emergence in these motoneurones was observed. Character of evoked activity of the Renshaw cells and interneurons did not differ essentially from the same of animals with the intact nerve. Possible mechanisms taking part in rising of the EPSP amplitude after cutting of the nerve are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19121,"journal":{"name":"Neirofiziologiia = Neurophysiology","volume":"24 3","pages":"306-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12682324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}