Neuroendocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Soyasaponin Aa prevents obesity-related precocious puberty by inhibiting hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in female Sprague-Dawley rats.","authors":"Yunfei Jiang, Wen Xie, Dani Qin, Qiuju Zheng, Huiping Shen, Yong Lei","doi":"10.1159/000550176","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Early-onset puberty is a major reason for pediatric endocrinology clinics, particularly among girls. Obesity is linked to disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, thereby leading to early-onset puberty. This study was designed to investigate the regulatory effects of soyasaponin Aa in an animal model of obesity-associated precocious puberty.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A rat model of obesity-induced precocious puberty was established through high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, which closely mimics the condition in children caused by excessive caloric intake. Obesity was assessed through body weight, serum lipid levels, and gonadal fat mass. Western blotting was performed to assess key adipogenesis regulators (PPARγ and C/EBPα) in gonadal white adipose tissues. ELISA was used to analyze serum levels of hormones (LH, FSH, and GnRH). The mRNA expression of HPG axis-related genes in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovary were detected by RT-qPCR. Histopathological changes in ovarian and uterine tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Soyasaponin Aa significantly reduced body weight gain in HFD-fed rats and suppressed increases in serum lipid levels and gonadal white adipose tissue mass. It inhibited HFD-induced lipogenesis, as indicated by reduced expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. Soyasaponin Aa effectively delayed puberty onset in female rats, as evidenced by prolonged vaginal opening and first estrous cycle, reduced endometrium thickness, and lower uterine and ovarian weights, along with suppressed follicular maturation. The HFD group showed elevated serum LH and FSH levels and increased hypothalamic GnRH secretion, all of which were significantly counteracted by soyasaponin Aa. Moreover, soyasaponin Aa downregulated HPG axis-related gene expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Soyasaponin Aa protects against obesity-induced precocious puberty by suppressing the activation of HPG axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145810753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell Signaling in the Circadian Pacemaker: New Insights from in vivo Imaging.","authors":"Xavier Bonnefont","doi":"10.1159/000539344","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>\"One for all, and all for one,\" the famous rallying cry of the Three Musketeers, in Alexandre Dumas's popular novel, certainly applies to the 20,000 cells composing the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). These cells work together to form the central clock that coordinates body rhythms in tune with the day-night cycle. Like virtually every body cell, individual SCN cells exhibit autonomous circadian oscillations, but this rhythmicity only reaches a high level of precision and robustness when the cells are coupled with their neighbors. Therefore, understanding the functional network organization of SCN cells beyond their core rhythmicity is an important issue in circadian biology.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The present review summarizes the main results from our recent study demonstrating the feasibility of recording SCN cells in freely moving mice and the significance of variations in intracellular calcium over several timescales.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>We discuss how in vivo imaging at the cell level will be pivotal to interrogate the mammalian master clock, in an integrated context that preserves the SCN network organization, with intact inputs and outputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Regulate Reproduction and Are Involved in the Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.","authors":"Bin-Yang Long, Xipeng Liao, Xin Liang","doi":"10.1159/000543877","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition with unclear mechanisms, posing a challenge for prevention and treatment of PCOS. The role of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in regulating female reproduction is critical. Abnormalities in the hypothalamus and pituitary can impair reproductive function. It is important to study hypothalamic and pituitary changes in patients with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This article reviews articles on the hypothalamus and PCOS with the goal of summarizing what abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis are present in patients with PCOS and to clarify the pathogenesis of PCOS. We find that the mechanisms by which the hypothalamus and pituitary regulate reproduction in girls are complex and are associated with altered sex hormone levels, obesity, and insulin resistance. Different animal models of PCOS are characterized by different alterations in the hypothalamus and pituitary and respond differently to different treatments, which correspond to the complex pathogenesis of patients with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Arcuate nucleus (ARC) is associated with luteinizing hormone (LH) surges. Suprachiasmatic nucleus, ARC, and RP3V are associated with LH surges. Animal models of PCOS have different characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"315-334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Diet and Vulnerability to Cognitive Impairment in Adulthood: Possible Link with Alzheimer's Disease?","authors":"Laetitia Merle, Marialetizia Rastelli, Frédérique Datiche, Anne Véjux, Agnès Jacquin-Piques, Sébastien G Bouret, Alexandre Benani","doi":"10.1159/000543499","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aging is the main risk factor for developing cognitive impairments and associated neurodegenerative diseases. However, environmental factors, including nutritional health, are likely to promote or reduce cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative pathologies. An intricate relationship exists between maternal nutrition and adult eating behavior, metabolic phenotype, and cognitive abilities.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The objective of the present review was to collect available data, suggesting a link between maternal overnutrition and the latter impairment of cognitive functions in the progeny, and to relate this relationship with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, cognitive impairments are major behavioral signs of AD. We first reviewed studies showing an association between unbalanced maternal diet and cognitive impairments in the progeny in humans and rodent models. Then we looked for cellular and molecular hallmarks which could constitute a breeding ground for AD in those models. With this end, we focused on synaptic dysfunction, altered neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and pathological protein aggregation. Finally, we proposed an indirect mechanism linking maternal unbalanced diet and progeny's vulnerability to cognitive impairments and neurodegeneration through promoting metabolic diseases. We also discussed the involvement of progeny's gut microbiota in the maternal diet-induced vulnerability to metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Further investigations are needed to fully decipher how maternal diet programs the fetus and infant brain. Addressing this knowledge gap would pave the way to precise nutrition and personalized medicine to better handle cognitive impairments in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"242-266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indirect Effect Model with Surge Function for Describing Melatonin Circadian Rhythm: Quantitative Comparison and Application between Normal Sleepers and Patients with Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder.","authors":"Zhanhui Lv, Zimo Zhang, Lu Wang, Sufeng Zhou, Jianguo Sun, Xiuqin Wang, Feng Shao, Xiuqin Wang","doi":"10.1159/000546125","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigates the circadian rhythm of melatonin in normal sleepers and delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) patients using quantitative pharmacology methods to better understand sleep disorders and their underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed an indirect effect model incorporating a surge function using data from 10 normal sleepers and 26 DSWPD patients. Model accuracy and stability were evaluated using diagnostic plots, visual predictive check, and bootstrap. Monte Carlo simulations (n = 1,000) quantitatively compared melatonin circadian rhythm characteristics between normal sleepers and DSWPD patients. Finally, Bayesian estimation utilizing external data from 3 normal sleepers and 3 DSWPD patients predicted melatonin concentration at different time points and the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An indirect effect model incorporating a surge function effectively described the circadian rhythm of endogenous melatonin. The model estimates a population typical value (relative standard error %) of amplitude, 7.95 (15.47%); peak time, 23:59 (4.13%); peak width, 4.12 (5.78%); elimination rate constant, 1.23 h-1 (21.82%); baseline melatonin concentration, 3.21 pg/mL (23.27%). Monte Carlo simulation revealed that DSWPD patients exhibited approximately 7-h delay in DLMO, similar melatonin elimination rate constants, and a significantly lower melatonin production rate constants compared to normal sleepers. Bayesian estimation of the melatonin circadian characteristics and DLMO in DSWPD patients closely matched actual data, with model-estimated DLMO exhibiting an error margin within ±10%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to normal sleepers, DSWPD patients exhibited a reduced rate of melatonin production, similar rate of melatonin elimination, and delayed DLMO, highlighting notable circadian melatonin profile alterations. The final model employed Bayesian feedback to estimate melatonin circadian rhythm characteristics and DLMO in DSWPD patients using sparsely sampled data.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"604-617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking Adversely Affects Survival of Metastatic Lung Carcinoid Patients: Analysis of a Large International Audit and Prognostic Models for Metastasis-Free Survival and Overall Survival.","authors":"Amy Clarke, Aimee Cunningham, Alejandro Garcia-Alvarez, Laura Spurgeon, Robert Morgan, Ana Carmona Alonso, Jorge Hernando, Jaume Capdevila, Alison Backen, Luca Giovanni Campana, Prakash Manoharan, Arpana Verma, Graham M Lord, Anshuman Chaturvedi, Was Mansoor, Sara Valpione","doi":"10.1159/000547192","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Among neuroendocrine lung cancers, lung carcinoids (LCs, further divided into typical [TC] and atypical [AC]) are rare, representing only the 2% of all bronchopulmonary malignancies, and lack prognostic classification and stratification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We audited 2 international cohorts of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LC for prognostic analysis. We used data from the Christie Hospital (Manchester, UK, N = 282) and validated our findings using the cohort of Vall d'Hebron Hospital patients (Barcelona, Spain, N = 80). We analysed patient data to identify a prognostic model for metastasis-free survival (MFS) and stage IV overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum lactate dehydrogenase concentration, stage, gender, and tumour Ki-67% were significant at multivariable analysis (stratified for stage) for MFS after surgery (C-index = 0.76, p < 0.001), while histological subtype (TC vs. AC) and other clinical variables were not. Independent prognostic factors for OS from onset of metastases included smoking history, along with known factors (patient age, proliferation index, FDG-PET maximum SUV). The model C-index was 0.77 (p < 0.001), with good concordance when applied to the external validation from Vall d'Hebron (C-index = 0.94). Previously undescribed, patients with smoking history lived shorter (median OS = 34 months vs. not reached, p < 0.0001), and the median OS could be shorter in current smokers (26.2 months) compared to ex-smokers (35.3 months).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We provide a novel prognostic tool to estimate patient risk, clinical trial stratification and assist clinical decisions in the rarest lung tumours. We also describe for the first time that smoking history is an independent prognostic factor for OS in stage IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"757-769"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Relationship between Plasma Liposomes and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Zhao Sun, Yanning Li, Minghui Zhao, Yihan Lou, Yongjun Li, Lei Hua, Lanjuan Huang","doi":"10.1159/000548284","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autoimmune thyroid disease is an autoimmune disease. Observational studies have shown that individuals with thyroid dysfunction have dyslipidaemia. However, it is uncertain whether there is a causal relationship between the two. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the causal relationship between plasma liposomes and autoimmune thyroid disease, thereby providing new insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to elucidate the causal relationship between plasma liposomes and autoimmune thyroid disease. We divide autoimmune thyroid disease into three types: autoimmune hyperthyroidism, autoimmune hypothyroidism, and autoimmune thyroiditis. The IVW method is the main analysis method, and Cochran Q test is used. MR-Egger intercept, leave-one-out test, and other tests are used to explore whether there are heterogeneity and pleiotropy in MR results.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>MR analysis revealed causal relationships between eight plasma lipoproteins and autoimmune hyperthyroidism. Eleven causal relationships were identified between plasma lipoproteins and autoimmune hypothyroidism, including cholesterol ester (27:1/16:0) and cholesterol ester (27:1/18:2). Sixteen plasma lipoproteins have been confirmed to have causal relationships with autoimmune thyroiditis, including cholesterol ester (27:1/20:3) and sphingosine (d40:2) levels, which are associated with an increased risk of autoimmune thyroiditis, while phosphatidylethanolamine (18:2:0:0) levels are associated with a reduced risk of autoimmune thyroiditis. A series of sensitivity tests also confirmed the reliability of the results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to this MR study, an established study, there is a causal relationship between plasma liposomes and autoimmune thyroid disease, which provides fresh insights into the potential mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid disease that may contribute to the development, prevention, and treatment of autoimmune thyroid disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"864-874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000547472","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547472","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Caudal Neurosecretory System: A Still Enigmatic Second Neuroendocrine Complex in Fish.","authors":"Karine Rousseau, Fabrice Girardot, Caroline Parmentier, Hervé Tostivint","doi":"10.1159/000536270","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) is a neuroendocrine complex, whose existence is specific to fishes. In teleosts, it consists of neurosecretory cells (Dahlgren cells) whose fibers are associated with a neurohemal terminal tissue (urophysis). In other actinopterygians as well as in chondrichthyes, the system is devoid of urophysis, so that Dahlgren cells end in a diffuse neurohemal region. Structurally, it has many similarities with the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system. However, it differs regarding its position at the caudal end of the spinal cord and the nature of the hormones it secretes, the most notable ones being urotensins. The CNSS was first described more than 60 years ago, but its embryological origin is still hypothetical, and its role is poorly understood. Observations and experimental data gave some evidences of a possible involvement in osmoregulation, stress, and reproduction. But one may question the benefit for fish to possess this second neurosecretory system, while the central hypothalamic-pituitary complex already controls such functions. As an introduction of our review, a brief report on the discovery of the CNSS is given. A description of its organization follows, and our review then focuses on the neuroendocrinology of the CNSS with the different factors it produces and secretes. The current knowledge on the ontogenesis and developmental origin of the CNSS is also reported, as well as its evolution. A special focus is finally given on what is known on its potential physiological roles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"154-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing and Analysis Provide a New Approach for the Treatment of Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix.","authors":"Lewei He, Yuling Wu, Mingyi Lv, Jiyang Jiang, Yifei Li, Tao Guo, Zhenxin Fan","doi":"10.1159/000542833","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (SCNECC) is a rare gynecologic malignant tumor, which has lack of systematic research. In order to investigate its molecular characteristics, origin, and pathogenesis, single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-Seq) of SCNECC was performed for the first time, the cellular and molecular landscape was revealed, and the key genes for clinical prognosis were screened.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article initially performed the scRNA-Seq on a tumor tissue sample from an SCNECC patient, combined with scRNA-Seq data from a healthy cervical tissue sample downloaded from a public database; the single-cell transcriptome landscape was constructed. Then, we investigated the cell types, intratumoral heterogeneity, characteristics of tumor microenvironment, and potential predictive markers of SCNECC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified two malignant cell populations, tumor stem cells and malignant carcinoma cells, and revealed two tumor progression pathways of SCNECC. By analyzing gene expression levels in the pathophysiology of SCNECC, we found that the expression levels of ERBB4 and NRG1, as well as the expression profile of mTOR signaling pathway mediated by them, were significantly upregulated in malignant carcinoma cells. In addition, we also found that carcinoma cells were able to stimulate malignant cell proliferation through the FN1 signaling pathway. The immune cells were in a stress state, with T-cell depletion, macrophage polarization, and mast cell glycolysis. These results suggested that carcinoma cells could interfere with immune response and promote tumor escape through MIF, TGFb, and other immunosuppressive-related signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed the mechanism of genesis and progression in SCNECC and the related important signaling pathways, such as mTOR, and provided new insights into the treatment of SCNECC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"13-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}