Neuroendocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Association of miR-335-5p Dysregulation with Postpartum Depression: Clinical Findings and Experimental Validation in a Mouse Model.","authors":"Xiaohong Wang, Canhua Xie, Wanhua Ji, Yu Liu","doi":"10.1159/000552716","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and debilitating mood disorder that affects many mothers worldwide, presenting significant challenges to maternal and infant health. This study investigated the clinical relevance and functional mechanisms of miR-335-5p in PPD to identify novel therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>miR-335-5p expression was measured by RT-qPCR. Diagnostic value and clinical correlations of miR-335-5p were evaluated using ROC curve analysis, Spearman correlation, and logistic regression. A PPD mouse model was established to investigate the effects of miR-335-5p on depressive-like behaviors. Oxidative stress markers and inflammatory factors were assessed using commercial detection kits and ELISA, respectively. Potential target genes of miR-335-5p were predicted via online databases and further subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum miR-335-5p was upregulated in patients with PPD and showed high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.862). Its expression correlated with sleep disorders, and both were identified as PPD risk factors. Similarly, miR-335-5p was elevated in a PPD mouse model. Knockdown of miR-335-5p alleviated depressive-like behaviors, including reduced rearing episodes, decreased total distance, increased feeding latency, and prolonged immobility time. Furthermore, miR-335-5p inhibition increased catalase activity, glutathione levels, and total antioxidant capacity, while reducing TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels. The targets of miR-335-5p were enriched in the circadian rhythm and MAPK signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated miR-335-5p expression represents a potential biomarker for PPD and is associated with sleep disorders. In mouse models, miR-335-5p knockdown alleviates depressive-like behaviors, decreases oxidative stress, and inhibits inflammatory responses, thereby offering mechanistic insights into PPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"368-379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological Classification and Clinical Characteristics of Growth Hormone-Secreting PitNETs.","authors":"Zhenwei Li, Yinzi Wu, Yike Gao, Ming Feng, Kan Deng, Bing Xing, Wei Lian, Yong Yao, Renzhi Wang, Jian Sun, Xinjie Bao","doi":"10.1159/000552989","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Acromegaly/gigantism is a rare disease primarily caused by growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). With the update in the WHO 5th edition classification of pituitary tumors, particularly the introduction of the novel PIT1/SF1 co-expressing tumor subtype, our understanding of these neoplasms has significantly advanced. However, systematic pathological classification and clinical characterization studies of GH-secreting PitNETs remain relatively scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 143 patients with acromegaly/gigantism who underwent surgical treatment at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between June 2022 and December 2024. Tumor specimens were re-evaluated for pathological subtyping. Demographic data, radiological characteristics, hormone profiles, immunohistochemical findings, and clinical outcomes were collected and compared among subtypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-five cases (32%) were classified as pure GH-secreting tumors, while the remainder showed co-expression of other hormones and transcription factors. Among PIT1-lineage tumors, sparsely granulated somatotroph tumors (SGSTs) demonstrated greater cavernous sinus invasion, larger maximal tumor diameter, lower GH secretion index, and immunostaining intensity, and reduced SSTR2 expression, suggesting a more aggressive biological behavior. Co-expression of prolactin increased the risk of hyperprolactinemia (OR = 2.843), though only 23.7% of mammosomatotroph tumors and 32.6% of mixed somatotroph-lactotroph tumors presented with hyperprolactinemia. Additionally, 19 PIT1/SF1 co-expressing tumors were identified, showing diverse hormonal profiles and significantly higher cavernous sinus invasion compared to PIT1-lineage tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GH-secreting PitNETs exhibit marked heterogeneity in pathological subtypes. Current classification systems require clearer cutoff criteria to improve diagnostic consistency. SGSTs are associated with a more invasive phenotype, warranting close clinical monitoring and long-term follow-up. PIT1/SF1 co-expressing tumors represent a distinct and heterogeneous entity that should be considered in future classification frameworks. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"423-438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148331362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000550272","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the article \"Sex Differences in Brain and Plasma β-Endorphin Content following Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone and Estradiol Administration to Gonadectomized Rats\" [Neuroendocrinology. 2009;89(4):411-423; https://doi.org/10.1159/000209506] by Pluchino et al., the following should be noted.Following publication, it was brought to the journal's attention that the data presented in Table 1 of this article had been previously published by the authors [1], which was not referenced in the article.When asked to comment, the authors stated that in order to limit the number of animals used in the experiments, the same cohort of rats was employed for the different analyses and that the data is repeated solely for descriptive purposes, to document well-expected hormonal changes of animals undergoing gonadectomy or hormonal replacement therapy.Discrepancies between the articles in the following reported values are noted:1.Testosterone, ng/mL for OVX + T (10 μg/kg/day) group2.Estradiol, pg/mL for OVX + Estradiol group3.Testosterone, ng/mL for Gonad intact male group4.Testosterone, ng/mL for OCX + T (1 mg/kg/day) groupThe authors state these are due to typographical errors and the data in the Neuroendocrinology article should be considered the correct version.This notice is to inform readers of the known data republication and discrepancies in the reported values.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146093360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Observational Study of Somatostatin Analogs and Rescue Medication Usage for Neuroendocrine Tumors in Canada.","authors":"Daniel Rayson, Myriam Troesch, Callahan LaForty, Winson Cheung, Jonathan Loree","doi":"10.1159/000551525","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are uncommon malignancies with increasing incidence in Canada. Long-acting somatostatin analogs (SSA) such as Lanreotide Autogel® (LAN-ATG) and Octreotide Long-Acting Release (OCT-LAR) are first-line treatments for well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors either with or without carcinoid syndrome. Despite their efficacy, many patients require short-acting SSA for breakthrough symptoms. We investigated the impact of switching between long-acting SSAs on the usage of breakthrough medications and the incidence of above maximum recommended dose (AMRD) prescriptions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based study used claims data from the IQVIA Canadian Private Drug Plan (PDP) that includes data from all Canadian provinces and public drug programs from Ontario and Québec. We identified NET patients who switched SSAs between September 2015 and December 2021. We analyzed breakthrough medication usage and AMRD prescriptions before and after the switch.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 170 patients who switched SSAs, there was a 59.1% overall reduction in breakthrough medication claims post-switch. Patients switching from OCT-LAR to LAN-ATG experienced a 66.5% reduction, while those switching from LAN-ATG to OCT-LAR saw a 21.9% decrease. Pre-switch, significantly more patients on OCT-LAR exceeded the AMRD threshold compared to those on LAN-ATG (43.8% vs. 18.2%, p value = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Switching between long-acting SSAs can reduce the need for breakthrough medications and lower the incidence of AMRD prescriptions, with a more pronounced effect observed when switching from OCT-LAR to LAN-ATG. These findings have potential implications for improving quality of life and reducing treatment costs for NET patients, which should be evaluated in a formal health economic analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"219-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanded Targeted-Exome Sequencing and Functional Validation Improve Molecular Diagnosis and Refine Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.","authors":"Jessica Silva Fausto, Lucas G A Ferreira, Silvia R Correa-Silva, Maria Izabel Chiamolera, Elisa Napolitano E Ferreira, Ilda Kunii, Magnus R Dias-da-Silva","doi":"10.1159/000548348","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) arises from defects in the synthesis, secretion, or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), resulting in incomplete or absent pubertal development and various nonreproductive features. CHH is genetically heterogeneous, with over 50 genes implicated in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic variants of CHH in a cohort of patients from a single-center endocrinology unit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a targeted next-generation sequencing panel to analyze 52 CHH-related genes in 35 patients. Functional studies validated two of the identified variants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular etiology was identified in 20 of 35 (57%) patients. Among these, 12 (39%) had variants in multiple CHH-related genes, with oligogenic inheritance confirmed in two cases. Novel pathogenic variants (both single nucleotide variants and copy number variants) were identified, including ANOS1 p.Gln238* and c.318+2T>C, CHD7 p.Ser734Ilefs5 and p.Gln592Serfs16, FGFR1 p.Ala36Profs67, c.1663+5G>A, and p.Tyr210*, DMXL2 deletion (83.1 Kb), and SOX2 deletion (1.1 Mb). In total, 21 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants across 15 CHH-related genes were detected, including ANOS1, CHD7, FGFR1, PROKR2, and others. A functional study confirmed the loss of function in the KISS1R p.Ala203Asp variant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate the utility of a next-generation sequencing panel in diagnosing genetically complex conditions like CHH and underscore the role of oligogenic inheritance in its phenotypic diversity. The inclusion of genes previously associated with syndromic CHH forms such as CHARGE in the exome panel may highlight possible shared mechanisms with neurodevelopmental disorders, aiding early diagnosis, genetic counseling, and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLP-1 Is Not Enough: Can Glucagon Fill the Energy Expenditure Gap?","authors":"Sarra Beji, Alexandre Caron","doi":"10.1159/000550812","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure (EE). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists reduce weight through appetite suppression but exert minimal influence on EE, potentially limiting long-term efficacy due to adaptive declines in metabolic rate. In contrast, glucagon, traditionally regarded as a glucose counter-regulatory hormone, has emerged as a potent catabolic signal with actions on lipid oxidation, substrate mobilization, and EE. These properties position glucagon receptor (GCGR) agonists as complements to GLP-1R agonism, with the potential to close the EE gap in obesity pharmacotherapy.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review examines glucagon as an endocrine regulator of EE, integrating evidence from historical, preclinical, and clinical studies. Preclinical models demonstrate that glucagon increases oxygen consumption, stimulate brown adipose tissue, and promote endocrine pathways including fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hepatokine that increases EE by enhancing lipid oxidation and thermogenic gene programs. Human studies reveal modest and context-dependent effects, with glucagon administration increasing EE in fasted or insulin-deficient states, whereas the response is attenuated postprandially or under hyperinsulinemia. This translational gap highlights the complexity of glucagon biology and the challenges of leveraging it therapeutically. Nevertheless, GLP-1R/GCGR co-agonism has demonstrated superior weight-loss efficacy in clinical trials and is advancing toward clinical application.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Glucagon may complement the appetite-suppressing effects of GLP-1 by engaging metabolic pathways that promote catabolism and EE. While preclinical evidence is strong, human data remain limited and context dependent. Further work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of emerging GLP-1R/GCGR co-agonists and to determine whether combining appetite suppression with the catabolic effects of glucagon can achieve durable, lean mass-sparing weight loss in people living with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"157-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146181350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in Somatotroph Adenomas: Implications for Clinical Course and Treatment Outcomes.","authors":"Sanem Cil, Aslihan Pekmezci, Huseyin Karatay, Fatih Mert Dogukan, Sebnem Burhan, Mehmet Said Cil, Ebubekir Akpinar, Buruc Erkan, Mutlu Niyazoglu, Esra Hatipoglu","doi":"10.1159/000551012","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent vasodilatory neuropeptide involved in inflammation, vascular regulation, and pain mechanisms with potential relevance to endocrine and neurological processes. Furthermore, it exerts specific effects on the tumor microenvironment in certain malignancies. The contribution of CGRP to pituitary adenogenesis has yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate CGRP expression by immunohistochemistry in patients with acromegaly and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) and its associations with tumor features, symptoms, and treatment response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included tissue samples obtained from 49 patients who were followed and underwent transsphenoidal surgery at our center: 30 with acromegaly and 19 with NFPAs. Tumor samples were evaluated for CGRP using a polyclonal anti-CGRP antibody (GeneTex, 1:200). Clinical, radiological, and surgical data were collected. Histopathology included hormone staining, estrogen receptor, granularity, transcription factors, Ki-67, and mitotic count.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CGRP positivity was observed in 50% of acromegaly patients and in none of the NFPA group (p < 0.001). CGRP expression was not significantly associated with tumor size, invasion, need for surgery, residual tumor, treatment resistance, or granularity. In acromegaly cases with CGRP-positive adenomas, chronic headache tended to be more common (40% vs. 13%, p = 0.09), and postoperative headache resolution rate was lower (33.3% vs. 80%, p = 0.07). The postoperative remission rate tended to be lower (60% vs. 86.7%, p = 0.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CGRP was found to be notably present in somatotropin-producing adenoma tissues, yet it was entirely absent from nonfunctioning adenoma tissues. The detection of CGRP within adenoma tissue could correlate with an increased incidence of persistent headaches and diminished postoperative remission probabilities in acromegaly.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"177-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147308408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximal-To-Distal Gradient and Its Implications in Differentiation and Prognosis in Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: The RGETNE-HERACLES Study.","authors":"Germán Iglesias Álvarez, Jaume Capdevila, Rocio Garcia-Carbonero, Paula Jimenez-Fonseca, Marta Benavent, María Ángeles Vicente, Marta Llanos, Carlos López, Vicente Alonso, Rogelio García-Centeno, Guillermo Crespo, Teresa Alonso-Gordoa, Beatriz García Paredes, Isabel Sevilla, Ana Custodio, David Páez, Ángel Segura, Javier Gallego, Maria San Roman, Alejandro García-Álvarez, Beatriz Alonso Álvarez, Juan Diego Cacho Lavín, Angela Lamarca, Juana María Cano, Encarnación González Florez, David Gómez, Ángel Castaño, Alberto Carmona-Bayonas","doi":"10.1159/000552234","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (CR-NENs) are traditionally classified into midgut and hindgut derivatives, a binary classification that potentially oversimplifies the underlying developmental continuum. We investigated whether CR-NEN phenotype and prognosis follow a continuous proximal-to-distal gradient to identify the optimal stratification strategy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 1,158 patients from the RGETNE registry. Anatomical location was modeled as a continuous variable using restricted cubic splines to dissect spatial trends in proliferation (Ki67), differentiation, and survival. Prognostic performance of the continuous spatial model was formally compared with categorical approaches (right/left/rectum and midgut/hindgut) using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A distinct proximal-to-distal gradient was observed. The continuous spline-based model provided the superior fit for Ki-67 (R2 = 0.494), outperforming categorical approaches. Anatomical position was an independent prognostic factor, with risk increasing distally in localized disease (HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.31-2.45 for rectum vs. cecum) and significant mortality differences in metastatic disease (p < 0.001). Adjuvant benefit was also heterogeneously distributed, being concentrated in distal segments. Despite the biological continuum, the embryological midgut-hindgut dichotomy yielded the most efficient statistical fit (lowest AIC) for predicting clinical recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CR-NENs exhibit a topographical biological continuum. Continuous modeling is optimal for molecular research and characterizing tumor aggressiveness. However, for clinical risk stratification and trial design, the traditional discrete classifications (midgut-hindgut or anatomical segments) remain the most robust, parsimonious, and practically applicable surrogates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"407-422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress Hormone Dysregulation in Overweight Male Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"John Ming Ren Loh, Chung-Wei Lin, Hsin-Ching Lin, Chun-Tuan Chang, Michael Friedman, Anna M Salapatas, Meng-Chih Lin","doi":"10.1159/000549371","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and result in subsequent physiological dysregulation. Given the inconsistent findings of the current literature and the lack of investigations on stress hormones, this study explored the potential impact of OSA on stress markers of adrenocroticotrophic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)/DHEA-S in male overweight OSA patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, single-blind, cross-sectional study enrolled male overweight (body mass index >25 kg/m2) OSA patients. The patients were grouped into mild/moderate and severe OSA groups based on the apnea/hypopnea index to investigate the differences in stress hormones. The inter-relationships among ACTH, cortisol, and DHEA in both groups were further analyzed in detail with Pearson's correlations to determine the potential impact of OSA severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 144 subjects were recruited. DHEA in saliva and serum DHEA-S were found significantly lower in the severe OSA group compared to the mild/moderate OSA group. Pearson's correlations demonstrated that in both groups, ACTH and cortisol concentrations (morning and night) showed significant positive correlations. Significant relationships between night ACTH and DHEA-S in saliva (r = 0.368, p = 0.023) and blood (r = 0.361, p = 0.017) were also found in mild/moderate OSA group, but neither was noted in the severe group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Severe OSA may impact the HPA axis by reducing concentrations of DHEA and DHEA-S without affecting cortisol and ACTH concentrations in male overweight OSA patients. This could possibly imply the dysregulation of DHEA/DHEA-S production in a much severe sleep disturbance situation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145459185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiotherapeutic Strategies and Advances in the Management of Pituitary Adenomas.","authors":"Neil D Almeida, Jeff F Zhang, Harshini K Cheruvu, David Shen, Rohil Shekher, Victor Goulenko, Venkatesh S Madhugiri, Hanna Algattas, David J Park, Tony J C Wang, Dheerendra Prasad","doi":"10.1159/000549316","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Background: Pituitary adenomas are benign brain tumors that develop from hormone-producing cells in the anterior pituitary gland and account for 10-20% of all intracranial tumors. However, pituitary adenomas can have significant morbidity due to local invasion and changes to hormonal secretion. Though radiotherapy can result in side effects ranging from hypopituitarism to visual changes, radiation therapy remains an important tool due to its long-term benefits and high tumor control rates. Summary: Standard treatment for pituitary adenomas often includes surgical resection followed by radiation therapy. Recent developments in radiation delivery methods and techniques include external beam radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, proton therapy, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, which have improved precision while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. These advancements have continued to improve patient safety and long-term outcomes in cases of both functioning and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Key Messages: Pituitary adenomas, while benign, can have significant clinical consequences. Advances in radiation therapy have expanded the therapeutic landscape to offer safer, more effective and more precise treatment options. Modern radiotherapy techniques have enhanced long-term outcomes and quality of life for patients with pituitary adenomas. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"88-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12734409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145459131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}