Neuroendocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Maternal Diet and Vulnerability to Cognitive Impairment in Adulthood: Possible Link with Alzheimer's Disease?","authors":"Laetitia Merle, Marialetizia Rastelli, Frédérique Datiche, Anne Véjux, Agnès Jacquin-Piques, Sébastien G Bouret, Alexandre Benani","doi":"10.1159/000543499","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aging is the main risk factor for developing cognitive impairments and associated neurodegenerative diseases. However, environmental factors, including nutritional health, are likely to promote or reduce cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative pathologies. An intricate relationship exists between maternal nutrition and adult eating behavior, metabolic phenotype, and cognitive abilities.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The objective of the present review was to collect available data, suggesting a link between maternal overnutrition and the latter impairment of cognitive functions in the progeny, and to relate this relationship with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, cognitive impairments are major behavioral signs of AD. We first reviewed studies showing an association between unbalanced maternal diet and cognitive impairments in the progeny in humans and rodent models. Then we looked for cellular and molecular hallmarks which could constitute a breeding ground for AD in those models. With this end, we focused on synaptic dysfunction, altered neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and pathological protein aggregation. Finally, we proposed an indirect mechanism linking maternal unbalanced diet and progeny's vulnerability to cognitive impairments and neurodegeneration through promoting metabolic diseases. We also discussed the involvement of progeny's gut microbiota in the maternal diet-induced vulnerability to metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Further investigations are needed to fully decipher how maternal diet programs the fetus and infant brain. Addressing this knowledge gap would pave the way to precise nutrition and personalized medicine to better handle cognitive impairments in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"242-266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indirect Effect Model with Surge Function for Describing Melatonin Circadian Rhythm: Quantitative Comparison and Application between Normal Sleepers and Patients with Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder.","authors":"Zhanhui Lv, Zimo Zhang, Lu Wang, Sufeng Zhou, Jianguo Sun, Xiuqin Wang, Feng Shao, Xiuqin Wang","doi":"10.1159/000546125","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigates the circadian rhythm of melatonin in normal sleepers and delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) patients using quantitative pharmacology methods to better understand sleep disorders and their underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed an indirect effect model incorporating a surge function using data from 10 normal sleepers and 26 DSWPD patients. Model accuracy and stability were evaluated using diagnostic plots, visual predictive check, and bootstrap. Monte Carlo simulations (n = 1,000) quantitatively compared melatonin circadian rhythm characteristics between normal sleepers and DSWPD patients. Finally, Bayesian estimation utilizing external data from 3 normal sleepers and 3 DSWPD patients predicted melatonin concentration at different time points and the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An indirect effect model incorporating a surge function effectively described the circadian rhythm of endogenous melatonin. The model estimates a population typical value (relative standard error %) of amplitude, 7.95 (15.47%); peak time, 23:59 (4.13%); peak width, 4.12 (5.78%); elimination rate constant, 1.23 h-1 (21.82%); baseline melatonin concentration, 3.21 pg/mL (23.27%). Monte Carlo simulation revealed that DSWPD patients exhibited approximately 7-h delay in DLMO, similar melatonin elimination rate constants, and a significantly lower melatonin production rate constants compared to normal sleepers. Bayesian estimation of the melatonin circadian characteristics and DLMO in DSWPD patients closely matched actual data, with model-estimated DLMO exhibiting an error margin within ±10%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to normal sleepers, DSWPD patients exhibited a reduced rate of melatonin production, similar rate of melatonin elimination, and delayed DLMO, highlighting notable circadian melatonin profile alterations. The final model employed Bayesian feedback to estimate melatonin circadian rhythm characteristics and DLMO in DSWPD patients using sparsely sampled data.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"604-617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking Adversely Affects Survival of Metastatic Lung Carcinoid Patients: Analysis of a Large International Audit and Prognostic Models for Metastasis-Free Survival and Overall Survival.","authors":"Amy Clarke, Aimee Cunningham, Alejandro Garcia-Alvarez, Laura Spurgeon, Robert Morgan, Ana Carmona Alonso, Jorge Hernando, Jaume Capdevila, Alison Backen, Luca Giovanni Campana, Prakash Manoharan, Arpana Verma, Graham M Lord, Anshuman Chaturvedi, Was Mansoor, Sara Valpione","doi":"10.1159/000547192","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Among neuroendocrine lung cancers, lung carcinoids (LCs, further divided into typical [TC] and atypical [AC]) are rare, representing only the 2% of all bronchopulmonary malignancies, and lack prognostic classification and stratification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We audited 2 international cohorts of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LC for prognostic analysis. We used data from the Christie Hospital (Manchester, UK, N = 282) and validated our findings using the cohort of Vall d'Hebron Hospital patients (Barcelona, Spain, N = 80). We analysed patient data to identify a prognostic model for metastasis-free survival (MFS) and stage IV overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum lactate dehydrogenase concentration, stage, gender, and tumour Ki-67% were significant at multivariable analysis (stratified for stage) for MFS after surgery (C-index = 0.76, p < 0.001), while histological subtype (TC vs. AC) and other clinical variables were not. Independent prognostic factors for OS from onset of metastases included smoking history, along with known factors (patient age, proliferation index, FDG-PET maximum SUV). The model C-index was 0.77 (p < 0.001), with good concordance when applied to the external validation from Vall d'Hebron (C-index = 0.94). Previously undescribed, patients with smoking history lived shorter (median OS = 34 months vs. not reached, p < 0.0001), and the median OS could be shorter in current smokers (26.2 months) compared to ex-smokers (35.3 months).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We provide a novel prognostic tool to estimate patient risk, clinical trial stratification and assist clinical decisions in the rarest lung tumours. We also describe for the first time that smoking history is an independent prognostic factor for OS in stage IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"757-769"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Caudal Neurosecretory System: A Still Enigmatic Second Neuroendocrine Complex in Fish.","authors":"Karine Rousseau, Fabrice Girardot, Caroline Parmentier, Hervé Tostivint","doi":"10.1159/000536270","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) is a neuroendocrine complex, whose existence is specific to fishes. In teleosts, it consists of neurosecretory cells (Dahlgren cells) whose fibers are associated with a neurohemal terminal tissue (urophysis). In other actinopterygians as well as in chondrichthyes, the system is devoid of urophysis, so that Dahlgren cells end in a diffuse neurohemal region. Structurally, it has many similarities with the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system. However, it differs regarding its position at the caudal end of the spinal cord and the nature of the hormones it secretes, the most notable ones being urotensins. The CNSS was first described more than 60 years ago, but its embryological origin is still hypothetical, and its role is poorly understood. Observations and experimental data gave some evidences of a possible involvement in osmoregulation, stress, and reproduction. But one may question the benefit for fish to possess this second neurosecretory system, while the central hypothalamic-pituitary complex already controls such functions. As an introduction of our review, a brief report on the discovery of the CNSS is given. A description of its organization follows, and our review then focuses on the neuroendocrinology of the CNSS with the different factors it produces and secretes. The current knowledge on the ontogenesis and developmental origin of the CNSS is also reported, as well as its evolution. A special focus is finally given on what is known on its potential physiological roles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"154-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in the Understanding of Gonadotrope Lineage Differentiation in the Developing Pituitary.","authors":"Charles Le Ciclé, Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji, David L'Hôte","doi":"10.1159/000542513","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542513","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The pituitary gland is a vital endocrine organ regulating body homoeostasis through six hormone-secreting cell types. Among these, pituitary gonadotrope cells are essential for reproductive function. Throughout pituitary ontogenesis, gonadotrope cells differentiate in a stepwise process, involving both morphogenic cues and transcription factors, which drives specification of progenitor cells into specialised endocrine cells. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying gonadotrope differentiation, as developmental defects and abnormalities in this process can lead to many reproductive pathologies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary: &lt;/strong&gt;This review offers a detailed overview of the latest advances in gonadotrope cell differentiation. We addressed this question with a specific focus on three important aspects of gonadotrope differentiation: the identification of the progenitor population giving rise to gonadotrope cells, the early mechanisms that initiate Nr5a1 expression and thus gonadotrope fate commitment, and finally, the mechanisms driving the formation of physical and functional gonadotrope networks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key messages: &lt;/strong&gt;Overall, this review aimed to provide new insights into three aspects of the gonadotrope differentiation process by reconsidering pioneering studies in the light of data gained from latest technological developments. Firstly, we re-investigated the long debated developmental trajectory of pituitary gonadotrope cells. Secondly, we reported new regulatory mechanisms of Nr5a1 expression, focusing on the involvement of ERα. Finally, we highlighted the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving gonadotrope network formation during embryogenesis, a process that seems essential for regulation of gonadotrope activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The pituitary gland is a vital endocrine organ regulating body homoeostasis through six hormone-secreting cell types. Among these, pituitary gonadotrope cells are essential for reproductive function. Throughout pituitary ontogenesis, gonadotrope cells differentiate in a stepwise process, involving both morphogenic cues and transcription factors, which drives specification of progenitor cells into specialised endocrine cells. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying gonadotrope differentiation, as developmental defects and abnormalities in this process can lead to many reproductive pathologies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary: &lt;/strong&gt;This review offers a detailed overview of the latest advances in gonadotrope cell differentiation. We addressed this question with a specific focus on three important aspects of gonadotrope differentiation: the identification of the progenitor population giving rise to gonadotrope cells, the early mechanisms that initiate Nr5a1 expression and thus gonadotrope fate commitment, and finally, the mechanisms driving the formation of physical and functional gonadotrope networks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key messages: &lt;/s","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"195-210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing and Analysis Provide a New Approach for the Treatment of Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix.","authors":"Lewei He, Yuling Wu, Mingyi Lv, Jiyang Jiang, Yifei Li, Tao Guo, Zhenxin Fan","doi":"10.1159/000542833","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (SCNECC) is a rare gynecologic malignant tumor, which has lack of systematic research. In order to investigate its molecular characteristics, origin, and pathogenesis, single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-Seq) of SCNECC was performed for the first time, the cellular and molecular landscape was revealed, and the key genes for clinical prognosis were screened.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article initially performed the scRNA-Seq on a tumor tissue sample from an SCNECC patient, combined with scRNA-Seq data from a healthy cervical tissue sample downloaded from a public database; the single-cell transcriptome landscape was constructed. Then, we investigated the cell types, intratumoral heterogeneity, characteristics of tumor microenvironment, and potential predictive markers of SCNECC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified two malignant cell populations, tumor stem cells and malignant carcinoma cells, and revealed two tumor progression pathways of SCNECC. By analyzing gene expression levels in the pathophysiology of SCNECC, we found that the expression levels of ERBB4 and NRG1, as well as the expression profile of mTOR signaling pathway mediated by them, were significantly upregulated in malignant carcinoma cells. In addition, we also found that carcinoma cells were able to stimulate malignant cell proliferation through the FN1 signaling pathway. The immune cells were in a stress state, with T-cell depletion, macrophage polarization, and mast cell glycolysis. These results suggested that carcinoma cells could interfere with immune response and promote tumor escape through MIF, TGFb, and other immunosuppressive-related signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed the mechanism of genesis and progression in SCNECC and the related important signaling pathways, such as mTOR, and provided new insights into the treatment of SCNECC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"13-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Optogenetic Activation of the Subfornical Organ Produces Sympathetically Mediated Increases in Blood Pressure.","authors":"Monique L Van Acquoy, Teodora Nedelkoska, Simon McMullan, Peter G R Burke, Cara M Hildreth","doi":"10.1159/000545849","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The subfornical organ (SFO) is a vital blood pressure-controlling region that elicits blood pressure changes likely via an excitatory (or glutamatergic) projection to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). However, the role of this SFO-PVN pathway in blood pressure control has been poorly defined in the literature. As such, the present study aimed to examine the functional connectivity between the SFO neurons and the PVN and how they intersect to control blood pressure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Lewis rats (n = 10), glutamatergic SFO neurons (SFOglut) were transduced with channelrhodopsin via a CaMKIIa-promotor vector (pAAV9-CaMKIIa-hChR2(H134R)-EYFP). Under urethane anaesthesia, changes in blood pressure and renal and splanchnic nerve activities were recorded in response to photostimulation of SFOglut neurons before and after administration of an intravenous ganglionic blocker and V1a receptor antagonism and inhibition of the PVN via muscimol microinjection. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the projections between the SFO and PVN.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Photostimulation of SFOglut neurons produced a frequency-dependent pressor response that was abolished by sympathetic ganglionic blockade but not by inhibiting the vasoactive hormone vasopressin. This pressor response depends on ongoing neuronal transmission within the PVN as it is abolished by bilateral PVN inhibition. Confirming this, we found dense projections from SFOglut neurons to magnocellular and parvocellular PVN neurons. Finally, photostimulation of SFOglut neurons elicited a peak increase in sympathetic nerve activity that was reversibly abolished by phenylephrine administration and abolished by inhibition of the PVN, suggesting that the neuronal circuitry underpinning this response is barosensitive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pressor response elicited by SFOglut neurons is largely mediated by barosensitive sympathetic nerve activity and dependent on the PVN.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"564-575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Existence of Coexpressive Role of Kisspeptin and Insulin-2 in the Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone in Chronic Stress-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome-Like Phenotype in Rattus norvegicus.","authors":"Nitin K Rajashekara, Bindu Jayashankaraswamy, Raghu Nataraj, Raghu Nataraj","doi":"10.1159/000546126","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an ill manifestation of the normal ovarian function that obstructs folliculogenesis. Clinically, patients diagnosed with PCOS possess chronic psychological distress with the downregulated hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis under the influence of cortisol, but, in contrast, studies done elsewhere have demonstrated an increased hypothalamus-pituitary activity under the PCOS condition. This contradiction has led to several independent research studies assessing the role of metastatic suppressor genes Kisspeptin (KiSS1) and Insulin (INS2) in regulating LH by acting upon GnRH. The current study demonstrates the coexpressive role of KiSS1 and INS2 in regulating LH and monitoring ovarian health.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>PCOS-like features were induced in the rats by a chronic stress regime, and the parameters were established. Another stress group of animals was dosed with 60 mg/kg body weight of ketoconazole before the stress exposure, and the parameters of the study were estimated and established.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The current study has observed that upon chronic stress exposure, the animals have exhibited all the features of PCOS, like hyperandrogenism, cystic follicles with dysregulated estrous cyclicity, an elevated LH, and decreased plasma insulin levels. As hypothesized, a 7-fold increase of KiSS1 expression and a 2-fold increase of INS-2 expressions have been observed in the stress group animals, unlike the corticosterone inhibitor group of animals which have exhibited a controlled phenotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The obtained relative fold changes in the gene expression level of both KiSS1 and INS2 reveal the association of stress with the pathology of PCOS via neuroendocrine regulation. The study has demonstrated the existence of a putative temporal coupling activity of KiSS1-INS2 expression-driven elevated LH in preclinical Rattus norvegicus models.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"589-603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Profile Differences in Monomeric Hyperprolactinemia, Macroprolactinemia, and Healthy Controls: A Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Sami Bahçebaşı, Ferhat Gökay, Yasin Şimşek","doi":"10.1159/000547540","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of different prolactin isoforms - specifically macroprolactin and monomeric prolactin - on lipid metabolism across various subtypes of hyperprolactinemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 166 adults were retrospectively analyzed and categorized into macroprolactinemia, gray zone, and monomeric hyperprolactinemia (further subdivided into prolactinoma and idiopathic groups), along with a healthy control group. Lipid parameters, including total cholesterol, lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), HDL, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol, were compared among groups. Statistical analyses were adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with prolactinoma, idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, and those in the gray zone exhibited significantly elevated total cholesterol, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol levels compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in lipid profiles between the macroprolactinemia group and either the healthy controls or the monomeric hyperprolactinemia groups. Serum prolactin concentrations positively correlated with LDL, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol, whereas macroprolactin recovery rates showed no such associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Monomeric hyperprolactinemia - particularly in prolactinoma - is associated with dyslipidemia and potentially increased cardiovascular risk. In contrast, macroprolactinemia appears metabolically inactive or may represent an intermediate metabolic state. Differentiating prolactin isoforms are crucial for accurate clinical evaluation and appropriate metabolic risk assessment in patients with hyperprolactinemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"719-729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"Marta Raposo","doi":"10.1159/000547472","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547472","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19117,"journal":{"name":"Neuroendocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}