Neurodegenerative Diseases最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dementia Risk: Potential Pathways to Cognitive Decline.","authors":"Jeffrey D Pyne, Adam M Brickman","doi":"10.1159/000518581","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000518581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the far-reaching pandemic, has infected approximately 185 million of the world's population to date. After infection, certain groups, including older adults, men, and people of color, are more likely to have adverse medical outcomes. COVID-19 can affect multiple organ systems, even among asymptomatic/mild severity individuals, with progressively worse damage for those with higher severity infections.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The COVID-19 virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), primarily attaches to cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, a universal receptor present in most major organ systems. As SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 receptor, its bioavailability becomes limited, thus disrupting homeostatic organ function and inducing an injury cascade. Organ damage can then arise from multiple sources including direct cellular infection, overactive detrimental systemic immune response, and ischemia/hypoxia through thromboembolisms or disruption of perfusion. In the brain, SARS-CoV-2 has neuroinvasive and neurotropic characteristics with acute and chronic neurovirulent potential. In the cardiovascular system, COVID-19 can induce myocardial and systemic vascular damage along with thrombosis. Other organ systems such as the lungs, kidney, and liver are all at risk for infection damage. Key Messages: Our hypothesis is that each injury consequence has the independent potential to contribute to long-term cognitive deficits with the possibility of progressing to or worsening pre-existing dementia. Already, reports from recovered COVID-19 patients indicate that cognitive alterations and long-term symptoms are prevalent. This critical review highlights the injury pathways possible through SARS-CoV-2 infection that have the potential to increase and contribute to cognitive impairment and dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19115,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"21 1-2","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8678181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39275190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and the Cholinergic Ascending Reticular System in Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Mutsumi Iijima,&nbsp;Mikio Osawa,&nbsp;Sayuri Yasuda,&nbsp;Kazuo Kitagawa","doi":"10.1159/000519776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) may occur because of dysfunction on the brain areas in controlling wakefulness; however, the pathophysiology of EDS in PD has not been completely clarified. The Pb component of a middle-latency auditory evoked response (MLR) is generated from the cholinergic ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) projecting to the auditory cortex via the thalamus. We examined the association between EDS and the Pb component in patients with PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 38 patients with nondemented PD and 18 age-matched controls. EDS was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (JESS). PD patients were classified into the high sleepiness (HS) group and the low sleepiness (LS) group by the score of JESS. MLRs were recorded from the scalp with each earlobe as a reference under presentation of 1-Hz and 65- to 90-dB click sounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no difference in age, duration, and motor function between the HS PD and the LS PD groups. Peak latencies of Pb were not different between PD group and controls; however, Pb amplitudes were significantly increased in the HS PD group compared with the LS PD group and controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>One of the mechanisms of EDS in PD was suggested to be dysregulation of cholinergic neurons from the ARAS projecting to cortical cholinergic neurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":19115,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"21 1-2","pages":"48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39450796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homoharringtonine Inhibits Alzheimer's Disease Progression by Reducing Neuroinflammation via STAT3 Signaling in APP/PS1 Mice.","authors":"Xinyuan Jiang,&nbsp;Qingdong Wu,&nbsp;Cuicui Zhang,&nbsp;Maobo Wang","doi":"10.1159/000519974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accumulating evidence suggests an implication of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Homoharringtonine (HHT) is an antitumor reagent with anti-inflammatory activity. This study investigates whether and how HHT plays a role in disease progression in a mouse AD model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HHT was injected into APP/PS1 mice every other day for 6 months. The effects of HHT on cognitive function were assessed by behavioral assays. β-Amyloid accumulation was assessed by ELISA analysis of Aβ40 and Aβ42. Neuronal loss and synaptic function were determined by levels of NeuN, synaptophysin, and PSD95. Neuroinflammation was assessed by glial markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling was evaluated by phosphorylated STAT3 and SOCS3 expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that HHT at 2 mg/kg significantly alleviated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. HHT reduced soluble and insoluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 accumulation and attenuated the impairments of synaptic function in the AD mouse hippocampus. Finally, HHT inhibited neuroinflammation, suppressed STAT3 activation, and increased SOCS3 expression in the APP/PS1 mouse hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicate that HHT inhibits disease progression in APP/PS1 mice by suppressing neuroinflammation through modulating the STAT3 signaling. Our findings suggest that HHT may potentially be used for preventing or slowing down AD pathogenesis and warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19115,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"21 3-4","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39914742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Severity of Dysphagia, and Their Correlation with Severity of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a Mexican Cohort.","authors":"Carolina Parra-Cantu,&nbsp;Arnulfo Zaldivar-Ruenes,&nbsp;Manuel Martinez-Vazquez,&nbsp;Hector R Martinez","doi":"10.1159/000517613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000517613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our study aimed to identify the prevalence and severity of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and dysphagia in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to assess whether a correlation exists between these symptoms and the severity of ALS progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The presence and severity of GI symptoms and dysphagia were identified by means of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and the Functional Outcome Swallowing Scale (FOSS). The Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) was utilized to determine the severity of ALS. Analysis of data was performed with Spearman correlations in semi-qualitative variables of clinical scales. ALSFRS-R scores were divided into 2 categories: those with mild to moderate ALS (≥40-30 points) and patients with moderate to advanced ALS (29-≤20 points).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We studied 43 patients with definite ALS. The most frequent GI symptoms were constipation (60.5%), rectal tenesmus (57.5%), hard stools (55.0%), and borborygmus (42.5%). The moderate to advanced ALS stage was correlated with constipation (r = 0.334; p = 0.028), acid regurgitation (r = 0.384; p = 0.013), eructation (r = 0.334; p = 0.032), rectal tenesmus (r = 0.498; p = 0.001), and functional dysphagia (r = 0.656; p = <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early detection of these GI symptoms can guide timely therapeutic decisions to avoid weight loss, a predictor for worse prognosis. This study highlights the relevance of the detection of these symptoms in ALS patients who score ≤29 points in the ALSFRS-R scale to establish an appropriate treatment, prevent systemic complications, provide more comfort, and improve quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":19115,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"21 1-2","pages":"42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000517613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39241132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer in Parkinson's Disease: An Approximation to the Main Risk Factors.","authors":"Irene Rosas,&nbsp;Germán Morís,&nbsp;Eliecer Coto,&nbsp;Marta Blázquez,&nbsp;Esther Suárez,&nbsp;Ciara García-Fernández,&nbsp;Pablo Siso,&nbsp;Carmen Martínez,&nbsp;Sergio Pérez-Oliveira,&nbsp;Victoria Álvarez,&nbsp;Manuel Menéndez-González","doi":"10.1159/000520301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000520301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many evidences suggest a pathological link between neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In fact, several epidemiologic studies indicate a decreased incidence of most cancer types in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and some PD genes are involved in cancer networks.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to assess the influence of several factors in the risk of cancer in a cohort of 753 PD patients and to study how these variables interact with each other.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the effect of gender, tobacco, alcohol, type of PD (genetic or idiopathic PD), and two genetic variants, previously associated with cancer, rs5848-GRN and rs1042522-TP53.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher age at PD onset was observed in patients who develop cancer before PD (p < 0.001). Alcohol consumption was a risk factor to develop cancer in PD patients (p = 0.011), while smoking was not a cancer risk factor in our cohort (p = 0.098). Among the genetic factors, the genotype TT GRN-rs5848 was statistically more frequent in PD patients without cancer (p = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study identified several factors, genetic and nongenetic, which contribute to the risk for cancer in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19115,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"21 1-2","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Available Data for the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Nabiximols Oromucosal Spray (Sativex®) in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Moderate to Severe Spasticity.","authors":"Antonella Conte,&nbsp;Carlos Vila Silván","doi":"10.1159/000520560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000520560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sativex (USAN: nabiximols [NAB]) oromucosal spray is indicated for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with moderate to severe spasticity and inadequate response to other antispasticity medications who demonstrate clinically significant improvement during an initial trial of therapy. This narrative review investigated the efficacy and effectiveness of NAB oromucosal spray for moderate to severe MS spasticity by examining spasticity 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS) data from interventional and observational studies which featured a 4-week trial period as per the European Union-approved label.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Across both study types, clinically relevant and statistically significant reductions in mean MS spasticity 0-10 NRS scores were measured soon after treatment start and were maintained in the mid- to long term in treatment responders. Initial responder rates (≥20% NRS improvement from baseline at week 4) ranged from 47.6% to 81.4%, tending lower in the randomized clinical trials setting. Clinically relevant responder rates (≥30% NRS improvement from baseline at week 12) were similar between study types (range 30-41%) except for one outlier (74% in an observational study). Two open studies reported treatment continuation for ≥18 months in approximately half of patients who initiated treatment. In most longer term studies, symptomatic improvement in MS spasticity was maintained at mean daily dosages of about 6-7 sprays/day. Safety was consistent with the known profile of NAB.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Experimental and observational studies of NAB oromucosal spray recorded similar findings. About half to two-thirds of MS patients who begin treatment will perceive initial symptomatic relief of spasticity within the 4-week trial period. About 40% of patients who initiate treatment will reach the ≥30% NRS improvement threshold at 3 months, comprising the majority of patients who continue long-term treatment. A trial of therapy with NAB is useful to identify patients most likely to gain longer term improvement in spasticity symptoms and discontinue those with insufficient benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":19115,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"21 3-4","pages":"55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39691743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Intake of Fast-Acting Carbohydrates in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Eva Schaeffer,&nbsp;Alina Schermann,&nbsp;Florian Zirbs,&nbsp;Daniela Berg","doi":"10.1159/000520594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000520594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) regularly report an increased desire for food or beverages with high sugar content.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis of an increased intake of fast-acting carbohydrates in PD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated the consumption of high-sugar content food products in 221 PD patients compared with 184 healthy controls using a self-administered questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male PD patients reported a significantly more often high consumption of chocolate (p = 0.005) and other sweets (p < 0.001) than healthy controls. Moreover, PD patients with a high intake of these products showed a significantly longer disease duration (p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study confirmed changes in intake of fast-acting carbohydrates derived from sweets in PD. Future studies should address the observed association with disease progression to understand underlying pathophysiological mechanisms leading to this behavioral change.</p>","PeriodicalId":19115,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"21 3-4","pages":"103-108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39710848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes.","authors":"Michaela Kaiserova,&nbsp;Monika Chudackova,&nbsp;Hana Prikrylova Vranova,&nbsp;Katerina Mensikova,&nbsp;Anetta Kastelikova,&nbsp;David Stejskal,&nbsp;Petr Kanovsky","doi":"10.1159/000520302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000520302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Various cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are studied in Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS). Several studies found reduced 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the main serotonin metabolite, in PD. There is little evidence regarding its levels in APS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured 5-HIAA in the CSF of 90 PD patients, 16 MSA patients, 26 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients, 11 corticobasal syndrome (CBS) patients, and 31 controls. We also compared the values in depressed and nondepressed patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically significant difference in CSF 5-HIAA in PD and MSA compared to the control group (median in PD 15.8 μg/L, in MSA 13.6 μg/L vs. 24.3 μg/L in controls; p = 0.0008 in PD, p = 0.006 in MSA). There was no statistically significant difference in CSF 5-HIAA in PSP and CBS compared to the control group (median in PSP 22.7 μg/L, in CBS 18.7 μg/L vs. 24.3 μg/L in controls; p = 1 in both PSP and CBS). CSF 5-HIAA levels were lower in PD patients with depression compared to PD patients without depression (median 8.34 vs. 18.48, p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CSF 5-HIAA is decreased in PD and MSA. The CSF 5-HIAA levels in PSP and CBS did not differ from those of the control group. There was a tendency toward lower CSF 5-HIAA in MSA than in PD; however, the results did not reach statistical significance. These results may be explained by more severe damage of the serotonergic system in synucleinopathies (PD and MSA) than in tauopathies (PSP and CBS).</p>","PeriodicalId":19115,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"21 1-2","pages":"30-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39555996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart Rate Variability during Wake and Sleep in Huntington's Disease Patients: An Observational, Cross-Sectional, Cohort Study.","authors":"Jessica Marotta,&nbsp;Carla Piano,&nbsp;Valerio Brunetti,&nbsp;Danilo Genovese,&nbsp;Anna Rita Bentivoglio,&nbsp;Paolo Calabresi,&nbsp;Pietro Cortelli,&nbsp;Giacomo Della Marca","doi":"10.1159/000520754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000520754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Autonomic dysfunction has been reported as one of nonmotor manifestations of both presymptomatic and manifest Huntington's disease (HD). The aim of our study was to evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) during wake and sleep in a cohort of patients with manifest HD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty consecutive patients with manifest HD were enrolled, 14 men and 16 women, mean age 57.3 ± 12.2 years. All patients underwent full-night attended video polysomnography. HRV was analyzed during wake, NREM sleep, and REM sleep, in time and frequency domain. Results were compared with a control group of healthy volunteers matched for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During wake, HD patients presented significantly higher mean heart rate than controls (72.4 ± 9.6 vs. 58.1 ± 7.3 bpm; p < 0.001). During NREM sleep, HD patients showed higher mean heart rate (65.6 ± 11.1 vs. 48.8 ± 4.6 bpm; p < 0.001) and greater low frequency (LF) component of HRV (52.9 ± 22.6 vs. 35.5 ± 17.3 n.u.; p = 0.004). During REM sleep, we observed lower standard deviation of the RR interval in HD subjects (3.4 ± 2.2 vs. 3.7 ± 1.3 ms; p = 0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results show that HD patients have higher heart rate than controls, during wake and NREM, but not during REM sleep. Among HRV parameters, the most relevant difference regarded the LF component, which reflects, at least partially, the ortho-sympathetic output. Our results confirm the involvement of autonomic nervous system in HD and demonstrate that it is evident during both wake and sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":19115,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"21 3-4","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39601215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front & Back Matter","authors":"Martin Turner, P. Unschuld, R. Nitsch","doi":"10.1159/000512250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000512250","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19115,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43176920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}