Ethnologia Actualis最新文献_第3页

Taiwanese Identity – Past Factors and Present Circumstances 台湾人的认同:过去的因素与现在的环境

Ethnologia Actualis Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/eas-2021-0013

Pawel Sendyka

{"title":"Taiwanese Identity – Past Factors and Present Circumstances","authors":"Pawel Sendyka","doi":"10.2478/eas-2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eas-2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Taiwan is an island that off the coast of China. To say that Taiwan is a country is to offend the Communist People’s Republic of China which claims sovereignty over the island and markets it to the world as a “renegade province” which must be re-united with the mainland, by force, if necessary. For people who know very little about Taiwan and its big neighbour across the Taiwan Strait this may even sound convincing, but the truth is more complex. In 1949 the nationalist government (Kuomintang or KMT) having lost the Chinese Civil War retreated from the mainland; the communists have never ruled the island. The settling of the Republic of China’s government in Taiwan and the era of “White Terror” was another one in a series of historical events that were fundamental in forming the modern Taiwanese identity. Whatever the proponents of “one China” claim, the truth of the matter is that there is a shift in attitudes of the inhabitants of Taiwan in how they feel about themselves (Taiwanese, Chinese or both). This is a crucial fact that will have to be acknowledged in the cross-strait relations. The identity argument as such, is independent of any historical claims. And this Taiwanese identity has been evolving and will continue to do so, shaped by the past and the most recent events like the Hong Kong protests, the pandemic, politics and the military aggression and intimidation by the People’s Republic of China. This article will examine these factors in turn.","PeriodicalId":190971,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Actualis","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115606371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book review: Inequalities and Conflicts in Modern and Contemporary African History: A Comparative Perspective 书评:《非洲近现代历史中的不平等与冲突:比较视角》

Ethnologia Actualis Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/eas-2021-0015

Stephano Lazaro Ayo

引用次数: 0

Pre-Hispanic Nahua Slavery 前西班牙纳华奴隶制

Ethnologia Actualis Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/eas-2021-0012

Peter Vyšný

{"title":"Pre-Hispanic Nahua Slavery","authors":"Peter Vyšný","doi":"10.2478/eas-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eas-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article deals with pre-Hispanic Nahua slavery. Based upon an examination of Nahua perception of slavery/slaves, Nahua forms of slavery (apart from the slaves destined for sacrifice there were slaves destined for work) and the social and legal position of Nahua slaves (destined for work) the author concludes that the Nahua institution traditionally called “slavery“ is different from its counterparts known from the history of Occident. Except for slaves destined for sacrifice to the gods which are discussed only briefly in the article, the Nahua slaves (i.e. the slaves destined for work) had a certain degree of personal freedom and certain rights. Becoming a slave at birth was possible only exceptionally and the enslavement of persons was in many cases (even if not in all cases) only temporary. The treatment of Nahua slaves – compared to the living conditions of their counterparts in many other world cultures – was significantly better, more humane. This can be seen from the fact that the master was entitled only to his/her slave’s labor and not to slave’s life, health, family members or property, as well as from the fact that the slave could obtain freedom in many ways, not only by the manumission made by his/her master. Although slaves were considered a kind of both physically and mentally “less perfect“ individuals who were “dirtied“, that is, morally tainted and dishonored by their enslavement and its reasons (mainly a delinquent behavior, i.e. non-payment of debts or perpetration of certain crimes), they were not systematically excluded from the wider society formed by free persons and they lived with their families in their houses and neighborhoods.","PeriodicalId":190971,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Actualis","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130154406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public Health Policies in the Akyem Abuakwa of Ghana (1850-1957) 加纳Akyem Abuakwa的公共卫生政策(1850-1957)

Ethnologia Actualis Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/eas-2021-0014

S. Gyamfi, Phinehas Asiamah, Benjamin Dompreh Darkwa, Lucky Tomdi

引用次数: 0

Mutual Impact: Conflict, Tension and Cooperation in Opole Silesia 相互影响:奥普拉西里西亚的冲突、紧张与合作

Ethnologia Actualis Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.2478/eas-2021-0008

Š. Ižák

引用次数: 1

The Vitality and Endangerment of the Western Shoshone Language 西部肖肖尼语的生命力与濒危

Ethnologia Actualis Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.2478/eas-2021-0003

M. Černý

引用次数: 0

Search for Indian America 4 [Hľadanie indiánskej Ameriky 4]. Conference Report 搜索印第安美洲[Hľadanie indiánskej Ameriky]。会议报告

Ethnologia Actualis Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.2478/eas-2021-0007

Radoslav Hlúšek

引用次数: 0

The Worshipers of Stones. Lacandon Sacred Stone Landscape 石头崇拜者。拉坎东圣石景观

Ethnologia Actualis Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.2478/eas-2021-0001

M. Kováč

引用次数: 1

Symbolism of the Eagle and Jaguar in the Novel City of the Beasts by Isabel Allende 伊莎贝尔·阿连德小说《野兽之城》中鹰与美洲虎的象征意义

Ethnologia Actualis Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.2478/eas-2021-0004

Roman Zaťko

{"title":"Symbolism of the Eagle and Jaguar in the Novel City of the Beasts by Isabel Allende","authors":"Roman Zaťko","doi":"10.2478/eas-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eas-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The following article is concerned with the analysis of the symbols of eagle and jaguar in the native cultures from the Amazon area, which, have inspired, among others, Chilean author Isabel Allende in her novel City of the Beasts. The animal motives become an integral part of the cultural tradition of the South American indigenous tribes that the author mentions. Legends and myths that the inhabitants of the rainforest keep to this day often describe the relation between person's life and the surrounding nature. In this respect, eagle and jaguar play an important role. From an anthropological point of view, the native peoples of the Amazon are closely tied with these animals. Their culture contains customs and rituals in which they imitate these worshipped animals. The aim of these rituals is to acquire animal hunting skills and strength. In literature, this connection can be even stronger. There are occasionally marriages between an eagle or jaguar and human characters, who live side by side. Such connection is not possible with other animals like sloths or monkeys. The reason for this is primarily the fact that only jaguars and eagles make living in a similar fashion to human characters of native myths. They hunt like people, eat what humans do and they share the same hunting grounds and habitat. In the novel, Isabel Allende refers to the jaguar and eagle as totem animals. They are symbols of profound connection between humans and nature. In the course of the story, the eagle and jaguar accompany the young heroes Alexander Cold and his friend Nadia on their initiation journey through the forest. At the end of the story, the young couple comes back to the civilization to convey the message of the indigenous people of Amazon, seeking an end of the bloodshed these tribes face.","PeriodicalId":190971,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Actualis","volume":"369 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122177144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Political and Social Dimension of Ballgame in North-East Petén, Guatemala: A Comparative Analysis of Ballcourts Distribution through a Regional Perspective 危地马拉佩特海姆东北部球类运动的政治与社会维度:基于区域视角的球场分布比较分析

Ethnologia Actualis Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.2478/eas-2021-0002

Maria Felicia Rega

引用次数: 1