NBER Working Paper Series最新文献_第4页

Robust Decarbonization of the Us Power Sector: Policy Options 美国电力行业的强力脱碳:政策选择

NBER Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3386/W28677

J. Stock, D. Stuart

{"title":"Robust Decarbonization of the Us Power Sector: Policy Options","authors":"J. Stock, D. Stuart","doi":"10.3386/W28677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W28677","url":null,"abstract":"To reliably achieve deep decarbonization of the US power sector, a candidate policy must perform robustly across a range of possible future trajectories of demand, fossil fuel prices, and prices of new wind and solar capacity. Using a modified version of the NREL ReEDS model with scenarios that span different trajectories of demand, fuel prices, and technology costs, we find that some recently proposed policies can robustly achieve 80% decarbonization (relative to 2005 emissions) or more by 2035, but many do not. The two robustly successful policies are a tradeable performance standard (TPS) and a hybrid Clean Electricity Standard (CES) with a 100% clean target, partial crediting of gas generation, and a $40/mton CO2 alternative compliance payment (ACP) backstop. Both are nearly as cost effective as the emissions-equivalent efficient policy. A $40 carbon tax nearly achieves the robust 80% threshold and, in most scenarios, drives deep decarbonization. A 90% CES (without partial crediting) fails to achieve robust 2035 decarbonization because it need not drive coal out of the system. Simply extending renewable energy tax credits, which are set to expire, does not drive significant decarbonization in most scenarios, nor does relying on increased ambition in green-leaning states.","PeriodicalId":19091,"journal":{"name":"NBER Working Paper Series","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83039091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Correcting Perceived Social Distancing Norms to Combat Covid-19 纠正感知到的社会距离规范以对抗Covid-19

NBER Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3386/W28651

James Allen IV, Arlete Mahumane, J. Riddell, Tanya Rosenblat, Dean Yang, Hang Yu

引用次数: 14

Shaping the Habits of Teen Drivers 塑造青少年司机的习惯

NBER Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3386/W28707

T. Moore, Todd Morris

引用次数: 3

Minority Turnout and Representation Under Cumulative Voting. An Experiment 累积投票制下的少数民族投票率和代表权。一个实验

NBER Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3386/W28674

A. Casella, Jeffrey J. Guo, Michelle Jiang

引用次数: 2

Changing Returns to Scale in Manufacturing 1880-1930: The Rise of (Skilled) Labor? 1880-1930年制造业规模报酬的变化:(熟练)劳动力的崛起?

NBER Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3386/W28633

J. Lafortune, Ethan G. Lewis, J. Martínez, José Tessada

引用次数: 1

The Impact of Domestic Travel Bans on Covid-19 is Nonlinear in Their Duration 国内旅行禁令对Covid-19的影响在持续时间上是非线性的

NBER Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3386/W28699

Fiona Burlig, Anant Sudarshan, Garrison Schlauch

引用次数: 3

The Welfare Effect of a Consumer Subsidy with Price Ceilings: The Case of Chinese Cell Phones 具有价格上限的消费者补贴的福利效应:以中国手机为例

NBER Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.3386/W28659

Ying Fan, Ge Zhang

引用次数: 4

Family Companionship and Elderly Suicide: Evidence from the Chinese Lunar New Year 家庭陪伴与老年人自杀:来自中国农历新年的证据

NBER Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.3386/W28566

Hanming Fang, Ziteng Lei, Liguo Lin, Peng Zhang, Maigeng Zhou

{"title":"Family Companionship and Elderly Suicide: Evidence from the Chinese Lunar New Year","authors":"Hanming Fang, Ziteng Lei, Liguo Lin, Peng Zhang, Maigeng Zhou","doi":"10.3386/W28566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W28566","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health problems among the elderly have attracted increasing attention. The most serious mental health problems may result in suicide, and lack of family companionship is often speculated to be a major cause. In this paper, we use high-frequency suicide rate data and utilize a novel temporal variation in the lunisolar calendar to provide evidence on the protective effects of the Chinese Lunar New Year (when the elderly people receive unusually high level of family companionship) on elderly suicide. We find that elderly suicide rate decreases by 8.7% during the Chinese Lunar New Year. In addition, the protective effects are stronger in counties where the typical level of daily family companionship for the elderly is lower. By contrast, we do not find similar protective effects for young and middle-age cohorts. We consider a variety of alternative mechanisms, and conclude that family companionship is an important channel for the protective effects of the Chinese Lunar New Year. Our study calls for greater attention to the mental health status and suicide problem of the elderly, especially with the rapid population aging and increasing prevalence of the “empty-nest” elderly in developing countries. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at <a href=\"http://www.nber.org/papers/w28566\" TARGET=\"_blank\">www.nber.org</a>. ","PeriodicalId":19091,"journal":{"name":"NBER Working Paper Series","volume":"31 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86232798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Does Leed Certification Save Energy? Evidence from Federal Buildings Leed认证节能吗?来自联邦大楼的证据

NBER Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.3386/W28612

Karen Clay, Edson Severnini, Xiaochen Sun

{"title":"Does Leed Certification Save Energy? Evidence from Federal Buildings","authors":"Karen Clay, Edson Severnini, Xiaochen Sun","doi":"10.3386/W28612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W28612","url":null,"abstract":"In the absence of first-best climate policy, energy efficiency has figured prominently among strategies to reduce carbon emissions. One of the most sought-after green certification in the building sector is the internationally recognized Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED). This paper examines the effects of LEED certification on energy efficiency in federally owned buildings. Using propensity score matching and difference in differences models, we find no effect of LEED certification on average energy consumption. This reflects the fact that energy use is one of a number of attributes that receives scores under the LEED program. Buildings with above average energy scores have greater energy efficiency post-certification. Some other attributes, notably higher water scores, decrease energy efficiency post-certification. Trade-offs across LEED attributes account for the absence of energy savings on average. If energy efficiency is the primary policy goal, LEED certification may not be the most effective means to reach that goal. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at <a href=\"http://www.nber.org/papers/w28612\" TARGET=\"_blank\">www.nber.org</a>. ","PeriodicalId":19091,"journal":{"name":"NBER Working Paper Series","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84403740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Service-Led or Service-Biased Growth? Equilibrium Development Accounting Across Indian Districts 服务业主导还是服务业偏向?均衡发展会计在印度地区

NBER Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.3386/W28551

Tianyu Fan, M. Peters, Fabrizio Zilibotti

{"title":"Service-Led or Service-Biased Growth? Equilibrium Development Accounting Across Indian Districts","authors":"Tianyu Fan, M. Peters, Fabrizio Zilibotti","doi":"10.3386/W28551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W28551","url":null,"abstract":"In many developing countries today, the structural transformation is a shift of employment out of agriculture into the service sector. By contrast, industrial employment is mostly stagnant. Is the service sector an engine of growth and hence growth service led? Or is its expansion a mere corollary of growth, where rising incomes stemming from productivity growth in goods-producing industries increases the demand for services? To determine whether growth is service led or service biased, we estimate a spatial equilibrium model with nonhomothetic preferences. Our methodology is in the spirit of development accounting and lends itself to a quantitative assessment of both the aggregate and the heterogenous welfare effects of sectoral productivity growth. In an application to India, we find that productivity growth in consumer services such as retail and hospitality was an important driver of rising living standards between 1987 and 2011. However, such benefits were highly skewed and accrued mostly to high-income households living in urbanized locations. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.","PeriodicalId":19091,"journal":{"name":"NBER Working Paper Series","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84382818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12