Architectural Studies最新文献

{"title":"Green space and planning structure optimisation ways in parks and monuments of landscape architecture","authors":"H. Lukashchuk, Iaryna Onufriv, S. Tupis","doi":"10.56318/as/1.2023.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56318/as/1.2023.23","url":null,"abstract":"Renovation of urban space is not possible without new approaches to the formation of green spaces of the landscape gardening heritage. In restoring parks-monuments of landscape art, simultaneous consideration of ecological and biological foundations, preservation of the historical structure of plantations and landscape planning framework, as well as meeting the modern needs of users of these spaces is an important issue. The research aims to formulate practical recommendations on the main ways to optimise the planning structure and green spaces, as well as means of protecting biodiversity in parks and monuments of landscape art. The study used general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, field research) and special methods (dendrological, cartographic, historical, and architectural analysis, and computer methods for processing graphic data). During the pre-project stage of the study, the prerequisites for the formation of Zhovtnevyi Park in the structure of the Chernivtsi landscape were identified. A list and description of typical plant species typical for the area were provided. In addition, the pre-project study analysed conflicts in the park, which were divided into the following main groups: transport and pedestrian, functional, natural, anthropogenic, and visual. The interconnection of different types of conflicts and their impact on the conservation of biodiversity of green spaces in the park was revealed. As a result, new elements of the planning structure have been formed that improve the landscape-spatial organisation of the park's territory and contribute to the optimisation of green spaces. The project developed and analysed in this study has selected an assortment of plants that enrich the biodiversity of park plantings and can be used in the design of other urban parks. The example of the project for the maintenance and reconstruction of Zhovtnevyi Park in Chernivtsi demonstrates practical planning approaches and recommendations aimed at maximising the preservation of the natural landscape and enhancing its functional and artistic features","PeriodicalId":190845,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Studies","volume":"2516 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131348201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renovation of residences from previous historical eras and styles","authors":"I. Pohranychna","doi":"10.56318/as/1.2023.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56318/as/1.2023.65","url":null,"abstract":"The central part of historic cities is developed by ordinary residential buildings that do not correspond to the current architectural and functional requirements and building codes, and therefore require comprehensive reconstruction. Therefore, it is essential to explore the types of residential development in historic cities and the current state of the planning structure of historic apartments, which will allow for professional restoration in the future. The purpose of this research was to determine the current state of historic buildings, and their architectural features, and to propose the basic principles of reconstruction of residential buildings of different historical eras. The research used general scientific research methods (method of comparison, method of analysis) and special methods: typological classification, architectural and planning, three-dimensional, stylistic and retrospective analysis, and graphic comparison. It has been established that in modern urban development today there is a significant share of residential buildings from previous historical eras and styles, consisting of: detached urban estates with their courtyard, ordinary street buildings of 2-4 floors with courtyards, offices and entrance gates, multi-storey buildings, etc. Detached urban estates have now lost their original function as housing and are mainly used as public facilities. Residential buildings of street-level construction have several disadvantages, from the chaotic redevelopment of apartments with access to bathrooms through kitchens or the development of dark rooms to the loss of structural stability of the buildings. Thus, to improve the comfort level of existing apartments in residential buildings from previous historical eras, it is advisable to develop comprehensive programmes for the reconstruction of this type of housing. The practical value of this research is that the recommendations for the reconstruction and preservation of residential buildings from previous historical eras can be used in the reconstruction of existing residential buildings in the central historical cities of Ukraine, and considered in strategies for the reconstruction of residential buildings after the end of the Russian-Ukrainian war","PeriodicalId":190845,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Studies","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127434348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontline town centres within the area of the Hirskyi Tikych river","authors":"O. Rybchynskyi","doi":"10.56318/as/1.2023.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56318/as/1.2023.36","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents the history of the emergence, development and decline of the frontline towns concentrated in the area of the Hirskyi Tikych River. The research focuses on Buzivka, Buky, Vorone, Zelenyi Rih, Zubrykha, Okhmativ, Sokolivka and Monastyryshche. Natural factors and the branching of the Black Way determined the concentration of settlements in the river area. The study of the frontline towns is relevant due to the peculiarities of urban processes in Central Ukraine and is important for the development of historical and architectural reference plans. The research aims to determine the spatial features of the city centre in the cities of the right-bank Ukraine frontier in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In the course of the study, the methods of analysis (for literary sources), comparative analysis (for the cartography of different times), and a set of field studies were used. The studied towns had an optimal defensive perimeter dominated by a Ukrainian wooden church, and a key element of the spatial image was a residential wooden house. It is determined that the cities of the frontier had political and cultural conflicts with the centre of the state, which caused the loss of the role of settlements and the division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late seventeenth century. Based on historical cartography, source material, and the preserved ancient street network, the urban planning features of the town centres are localised and identified. The frontier towns concentrated in the area of the Gorny Tikich River were economically and culturally united and were characterised by rational planning. Improvements in the town centres of the frontier towns are linked to the political and economic intentions of magnates in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The spatial layout of the town centre was centred around a Ukrainian wooden church, except Monastyryshche, which also had a wooden church in the town centre. The main building element was the Ukrainian wooden house, which defined the spatial and cultural image of the settlement. Due to the uncertain political boundaries and the division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late seventeenth century, the frontier towns lost their significance. In the nineteenth century, except for Monastyryshche, all settlements declined economically and administratively. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that the results can be used in the development of historical and architectural reference plans, revitalisation projects for the centres of historic towns, downtown regeneration projects, and the commemoration of lost important monuments. The research materials can be used in a course on the history of urban planning and architecture of Ukraine, as well as in the development of tourist and recreational routes","PeriodicalId":190845,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124466101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The city of the future in the European Commission's documents: A comprehensive analysis","authors":"Roman Frankiv","doi":"10.56318/as/1.2023.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56318/as/1.2023.58","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyses a holistic vision of the city of the future, which is scattered in various documents and programmes of the European Union. The research relevance is predefined by the need to create a holistic vision that can act as an attractive representative of all current urban values in the mass culture and promote the qualities of environmental friendliness, inclusiveness, cohesion, sustainability, self-sufficiency, etc. The research aims to outline a holistic vision of the city of the future supported by EU documents necessary for the crystallisation of its historical identity. The research results were obtained by using the synthesis method. This study proposes to synthesise the following main conceptual groups of the discourse around the city of the future aimed at the ideals of optimal density, renewable self-sufficiency, techno-biosphere symbiosis, participatory cooperation, social cohesion, and multi-age valorisation. Each of these groups is first considered separately as a field of scientific attention, its main characteristics are given and evaluated in terms of usefulness for improving the urban environment. Next, an attempt is made to combine these groups employing a comprehensive analysis, the methodology of which is aimed at identifying common content nodes in the concepts and tools of each group. Subsequently, they are combined into a common conceptual system, an essential feature of which is the expansion of the interpretation of the features of each group as part of the features of other groups. This allowed to avoid the division of the current discourse around the image of the city of the future into different sectors and to work more effectively with the implementation and promotion of the values of the city image, which is supported by official documents of the European Commission, which is relevant for Ukraine, which seeks EU membership. In addition, the findings can be used in the education of students majoring in architecture and urban planning, as well as design","PeriodicalId":190845,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Studies","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131988878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mannerism of Giulio Romano: Innovation and dramatic imagery","authors":"S. Linda","doi":"10.56318/as/1.2023.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56318/as/1.2023.47","url":null,"abstract":"Giulio Romano was a prominent Italian Mannerist architect from Mantua of the Late Renaissance who made a significant contribution to the development of architectural processes and proposed methods of interpreting the order system used in the modern era. The research aims to present the architect's activity as a natural step in the development of the classical order system. The methods of systematisation, comparative and synchronic analyses were used. The study analyses from the artistic point of view the most significant realised objects by Giulio Romano: Palazzo del Te, Cavalerizza in Palazzo Duccale, and the architect's house in Mantua. It is shown how the artist interpreted the order system to form an individual architectural style, full of drama and tension in composition. The study proposes a concept that explains the reason for the emergence of Mannerism, which is based on the Renaissance architects' perception of their place in the historical process. It is shown that the architects' understanding of their time as superior to the masters of antiquity and the awareness of the idea of permanent development as the basis of the historical process created a methodological and methodological prerequisite for Mannerism, which can be described by the term \"stylisation\". The study also proves that the methods of interpreting the order system proposed during the Late Renaissance were developed in the practice of postmodernism and have not lost their relevance in the present","PeriodicalId":190845,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122553339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architectural-archaeological research and the hypothesis of the development of pre-local Drohobych in the XII-XIII centuries","authors":"Yurii Lukomskyi","doi":"10.56318/as/1.2023.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56318/as/1.2023.07","url":null,"abstract":"Architectural and archaeological studies of preserved architectural monuments emphasise the continuity of development, succession, and originality of the culture of each nation. The research aims to highlight the results of architectural and archaeological surveys at the foundations of the wooden architectural monument - the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in Drohobych, as well as to develop the hypothesis of the city's urban genesis. According to the analysis of literary sources, seven construction periods have been identified since the church was built in 1613. The sounding method showed that the first foundations were standards, which were installed in pits on the cut surface of the continent, often with stone slabs, and covered with soil. The system of double slabs fixed under the altar crown of the log house is considered archaic. During the third and fourth construction periods, some of the stands were replaced, and a stone foundation supported by a wide base of slabs was built under the northwestern corner of the main log cabin. In 1823, the altar log cabin and the southern façade of the building were supported by a ribbon structure of stone foundations. No banded foundations were found under the western base of the chancel and the northern base of the nave. The lower gallery of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is supported by a system of foundations and smaller stands. Within the fourth probe, a deep archaeological site was localised with a ceramic sherd in the fill dating to the princely period. The analysis of several features and stratigraphic features of the fill gives grounds to interpret the object as the remains of a semi-hut of this period. Based on the location of the first immovable object, an attempt is made to clarify one of the hypotheses of the urban development of Drohobych from the unfortified initial settlement of salt workers on the right bank of the Pobuk in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, through its gradual development into a proto-city settlement of the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries in the present Zvarytske suburb to the foundation of a new locational centre in the fourteenth/fifteenth centuries on the free adjacent territory","PeriodicalId":190845,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127907498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence of the materialistic and idealistic in the methodology of urban planning","authors":"M. Gabrel, M. Habrel","doi":"10.56318/as2022.02.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56318/as2022.02.042","url":null,"abstract":"The realities of the present require changes and development of urban methodology as a science of methods covering the entire methodological chain – from clarifying concepts, streamlining tasks and establishing characteristics of objects to methods of analysis, evaluation and justification of decisions, and urban planning design and management of urban development. The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth understanding of the methodology of urbanism in the context of convergence (rapprochement, interconnection, interpenetration) of materialistic and idealistic approaches, and to streamline and develop methodological tools for urban planning. Urban planning activity is considered a set of purposes, criteria, priorities, and constraints. The multiplicity of purposes – strategic, tactical, regulatory, and criteria – necessitates changes in methodology, analysis and assessment of spatial situations, and justification of decisions, including the requirements of multicriteria. The design of territorial systems is oriented towards integrated development, increasing the validity and efficiency of the implementation of the concepts of their spatial organisation. The study is methodological – it emphasises the significance of improving the methodological culture and developing the urbanist’s systemic thinking (reflection, worldview), their creative potential and the set of professional knowledge, skills and abilities to implement projects and other functions of professional activity. It is extremely important in the era of large databases and the Internet, changes in planning and research practices, increased capacity and depth of information analysis, and the emergence of new techniques and procedures. Integration of new research methods should be designed to obtain new knowledge about processes and phenomena, establish regularities and increase the validity of the principles of organisation, functioning and development of urbanised systems and territories","PeriodicalId":190845,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Studies","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133330099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The phenomenon of the city in the contemporary discourse of urban history","authors":"B. Cherkes, Y. Idak","doi":"10.56318/as2022.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56318/as2022.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"The current approach to presenting the history of urban planning is biased by old narratives about understanding the nature of city development as a unique object with a thousand-year history. As Ukraine reconstructs and restores war-torn places, it is necessary to identify specific signs and develop an understanding of this kind of phenomenon according to the challenges of the present. Considering them globally will help develop ideas based on Ukrainian cultural values and continue to establish a national identity in architecture and urban planning. The purpose of the research is to comprehend the processes of city design over five thousand years and to highlight those aspects that are evidence of a phenomenal breakthrough in the development of mankind. The research methodology is based on the principles and methods within the framework of logical and epistemological and philosophical approaches. The research resulted in the identification of the characteristics of the material and spatial content of the ancient cities of the world that have survived a thousand-year history, specific to a particular era and culture, and the qualities that have become decisive for assessing their development. The focus is on the development of Homo sapiens and the emergence of writing, without which the existence of cities would be impossible. A comparative description of ancient cities is presented on the example of such settlements as Carnacus, Babylon, Athens, Venice, Jerusalem, and the Roman Empire, which had a stable urban planning framework for several centuries. These settlements occupy a particular place in history, as they represent specific evolutionary approaches to the establishment and development of the material and spatial environment of human activity. The changes in their formal states varied, but each time they resulted in qualitative transformations. Therefore, the authors propose to delve deeper into understanding the development of ancient cities through the categories of linearity, progressiveness, and regressiveness, and to emphasise the deepening of the usual approaches to the city’s study","PeriodicalId":190845,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130445949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light in the contemporary churches of the Ukrainian diaspora","authors":"Myroslav Yatsiv, M. Yasinskyi","doi":"10.56318/as2022.02.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56318/as2022.02.024","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the Ukrainian church building has not yet succeeded in establishing its own modern image/type of church, different from the conventional one. One of the significant reasons for this situation is the long break in the design and construction of churches in Ukraine during the 20th century. The Ukrainian diaspora has accumulated considerable experience in the construction of modern churches, which ensures the continuity of the tradition of the church building. The purpose of the research is to explore the still invaluable experience of designing church buildings and the architectural and artistic organisation of their interior in Ukrainian diaspora churches, which is an important foundation for solving the problem of developing the image/appearance of a modern church. The research used general scientific and special methods. Attention is devoted to the research of current issues of developing a light composition in the sacred space of modern diaspora churches. The research analyses several projects by architects of the Ukrainian diaspora in the field of sacred architecture. The research identifies the specific features of the establishment and development of church architecture in the Ukrainian diaspora in terms of the debate over the conventional and modern forms of church buildings and the spatial organisation of the light composition of their sacred space. The research outlines the influence of the local architectural tradition of the church building in North America – Protestant and Catholic churches – and the modernist design culture of the period of functionalism and neo-modernism in architecture on the architectonics of Ukrainian churches in the diaspora and the organisation of the light environment of their interior space. For the first time, the features and regularities of the organisation of the light environment of the most famous Greek Catholic churches of the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada and the United States, built in the second half of the 20th century, are explored. The influence of natural light on the architectonics of churches and the specific features of visual perception of their internal object environment and on the development of the appropriate mood imbued with mysticism and sacred atmosphere of the interiors of churches is determined. The experience of diaspora architects is explored and analysed, which has not been understudied but will be essential for use in the practice of Ukrainian architects in designing modern churches while preserving national identity and church-building traditions","PeriodicalId":190845,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134272392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of new buildings on the city’s image","authors":"H. Koznarska, V. Didyk","doi":"10.56318/as2022.02.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56318/as2022.02.033","url":null,"abstract":"The research examines the visual perception of new buildings and their impact on changing the overall image of the city. Particular attention is devoted to buildings that are visible from other parts of the city due to their greater height and hilly terrain and can complement the overall composition of the city or destroy it. The importance of exploring the analysis of visual connections between the designed object and the environment is substantiated. The purpose of the research is to explore the perception of the city environment as a set of multifaceted pictures and to identify the elements that have a significant impact on the development of the overall image of the city. To achieve this purpose, a research methodology was developed, which at each stage included general scientific methods and special ones. Before starting the work, field research was conducted on the compositional structure of individual cities, and several paintings were selected for more detailed research. A compositional analysis of the selected examples for planning was conducted using the graphical method. It is established that the city’s image is most influenced by the last plan, which, in most cases, is not considered when designing new buildings. As a result of the research, the results obtained were verified for compliance with the shape, style and proportions of the newly built objects with the surrounding buildings. A significant number of paintings were identified that do not correspond to the expected result from the standpoint of the observer. Thus, there is a discrepancy between the planned and the received image of the overall compositional and spatial structure. The reasons for this inconsistency in the combination of individual plans are identified, which in turn had adverse effects on the overall image of the city. In addition, the main factors that influence the development of individual paintings have been identified. The result of the research is defined tasks for pre-design research at the initial stage of designing new buildings. This approach will help minimise mistakes in the design of new buildings, particularly those that have visual connections with other parts of the city and have a significant impact on the overall image","PeriodicalId":190845,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123991189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}