mSphere最新文献

{"title":"A new bacteriophage infecting <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> with potential for removing biofilms by combination with chimeric lysin CHAPSH3b and vancomycin.","authors":"Ana Catarina Duarte, Lucía Fernández, Ana Rodríguez, Pilar García","doi":"10.1128/msphere.01014-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.01014-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> is the cause of serious skin and prosthetic joint infections despite being a common inhabitant of human body surfaces. However, both the rise in antibiotic resistance in this species and its ability to form biofilms are increasingly limiting the available therapeutic options against these illnesses. In this landscape, phage therapy stands out as an interesting alternative to antibiotics. In the present study, we report the isolation and characterization of a novel virulent phage infecting <i>S. epidermidis</i> (<i>Staphylococcus</i> phage IPLA-AICAT), which belongs to the <i>Herelleviridae</i> family. The estimated genome size of this virus is 139,941 bp, and sequence analysis demonstrated the absence of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors. This phage infects a high proportion (79%) of clinically relevant <i>S. epidermidis</i> strains and exhibits antibiofilm activity. Moreover, a combination of this phage with other antimicrobials, i.e., vancomycin and the lytic protein CHAPSH3b, further improved the reduction in surface-attached bacteria. Notably, the combination of <i>Staphylococcus</i> phage IPLA-AICAT (10⁹ PFU/mL) and CHAPSH3b (8 µM), originally designed to target <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, was able to reduce the number of viable cells by 3.06 log units in 5-h-old biofilms. In 24-h-old biofilms, the reduction was also significant after 6 h of treatment (2.06 log units) and 24 h of treatment (2.52 log units). These results confirm our previous data regarding the potential of phage-lysin mixtures against staphylococcal biofilms.IMPORTANCE<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> is one of the main causes to device-associated infections mostly due to its ability to form stable biofilms attached to human tissues. Besides the inherent antimicrobial tolerance of biofilms, this microorganism is also increasingly becoming resistant to standard-of-care antibiotics. To fight against this problem, phage therapy is a viable option to complement the available antibiotics in the treatment of recalcitrant infections. This work describes a new phage infecting <i>S. epidermidis</i> clinical strains that is a member of the <i>Herelleviridae</i> family and the combination with other antimicrobials to further improve the reduction of biofilms. Together with the significant progress achieved in the development of diagnostic tools, phages and their derived proteins will bring us much closer to a therapeutic landscape in which we are not so heavily reliant on antibiotics to combat bacterial pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0101424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mSphere of Influence: Fungal behavior as a framework for the evolution of emergent traits.","authors":"Andrew J M Swafford","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00651-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00651-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Andrew Swafford works in the field of evolutionary cell biology. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on how the simultaneous introduction to the evolution of vision, the sensory biology of chytrid fungi, and a classic paper by Vrba and Gould helped shape his thinking about sensory evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0065124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-ever ASM Global Research Symposium on Microbes in Human Health in Tsinghua, Beijing, China.","authors":"Sai Luo, Ya-Ting Wang","doi":"10.1128/msphere.01092-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.01092-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The American Society for Microbiology Global Research Symposium on Microbes in Human Health, hosted in partnership with Tsinghua University, was held in Beijing, China, on 25 to 27 September 2024. The conference provided an international forum for microbiologists from different disciplines to present and discuss new findings. The meeting covered a wide range of topics, spanning across bacteria, virus, fungi, and hosts. This report summarizes the presentations and emerging themes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0109224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated size of the total genome and protein space of viruses.","authors":"Congyu Lu, Yifan Wu, Zheng Zhang, Longfei Mao, Xingyi Ge, Aiping Wu, Fengzhu Sun, Yongqiang Jiang, Yousong Peng","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00683-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00683-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent metagenomic studies have identified a vast number of viruses. However, the systematic assessment of the true genetic diversity of the whole virus community on our planet remains to be investigated. Here, we explored the genome and protein space of viruses by simulating the process of virus discovery in viral metagenomic studies. Among multiple functions, the power function was found to best fit the increasing trends of virus diversity and was, therefore, used to predict the genetic space of viruses. The estimate suggests that there are at least 8.23e+08 viral operational taxonomic units and 1.62e+09 viral protein clusters on Earth when assuming the saturation of the virus genetic space, taking into account the balance of costs and the identification of novel viruses. It is noteworthy that less than 3% of the viral genetic diversity has been uncovered thus far, emphasizing the vastness of the unexplored viral landscape. To saturate the genetic space, a total of 3.08e+08 samples would be required. Analysis of viral genetic diversity by ecosystem yielded estimates consistent with those mentioned above. Furthermore, the estimate of the virus genetic space remained robust when accounting for the redundancy of sampling, sampling time, sequencing platform, and parameters used for protein clustering. This study provides a guide for future sequencing efforts in virus discovery and contributes to a better understanding of viral diversity in nature.IMPORTANCEViruses are the most abundant and diverse biological entities on Earth. In recent years, a large number of viruses have been discovered based on sequencing technology. However, it is not clear how many kinds of viruses exist on Earth. This study estimates that there are at least 823 million types of viruses and 1.62 billion types of viral proteins. Remarkably, less than 3% of this large diversity has been uncovered to date. These findings highlight the enormous potential for discovering new viruses and reveal a significant gap in our current understanding of the viral world. This study calls for increased attention and resources to be directed toward viral discovery and metagenomics and provides a guide for future sequencing efforts, enhancing our knowledge of viral diversity in nature for ecology, biology, and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0068324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mSphere of Influence: Complement activity beyond systemic circulation-implications in the context of infections.","authors":"Jigar V Desai","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00531-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00531-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jigar V. Desai works in the field of immunology, studying the mucosal and systemic complement systems and their roles in regulating the immune response. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on how the papers by the Kemper, Kulkarni, and Kasper laboratories made an impact on his ongoing work investigating the cell-intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of complement and studying its impacts on mucosal and systemic immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0053124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibodies with specificity to glycan motifs that decorate OMV cargo proteins.","authors":"Hyun Young Kim, Christina M Rothenberger, Mary E Davey, Manda Yu","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00907-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00907-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> is a major etiological agent of periodontal disease, and infections with this bacterium are associated with systemic pathologies, including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. <i>P. gingivalis</i> has a variety of immune evasion mechanisms and exhibits highly variable cell surface characteristics that are strain dependent, complicating the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics. Here, we show that a subset of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in antiserum raised against <i>P. gingivalis</i> strain W83 selectively recognize the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Pre-adsorption with a mutant strain lacking an OMV-specific lipoprotein (PG1881) that has been shown to be glycosylated significantly enhanced IgM specificity toward PG1881 and the OMVs. In addition, the IgM reactivity against the OMVs derived from a mutant lacking enzymes required for O-glycosylation was markedly reduced, indicating that the IgM targets the glycan motifs on proteins carried on OMVs. Importantly, the IgM exhibited specific recognition of OMVs from both <i>P. gingivalis</i> and <i>Porphyromonas endodontalis</i>, while showing low reactivity toward other genera belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes. This study revealed a potential host evasion strategy and highlights the potential for utilizing O-glycans in vaccine development and OMV-targeted antibodies in therapeutic interventions to combat <i>P. gingivalis</i> infections.</p><p><strong>Importance: </strong>O-glycosylation of cell surface proteins by bacteria is known to play a role in various functions including colonization and immune evasion. This study highlights the identification of IgM antibodies that specifically recognize O-glycosylated proteins that are selectively carried on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). The findings suggest a potential host evasion mechanism and open new avenues for using OMVs in vaccine development and targeting O-glycans with antibodies as a therapeutic strategy against the subgingival pathobiont <i>P. gingivalis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0090724"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mSphere of Influence: <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> genome in 3D action.","authors":"Luisa Berná","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00611-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00611-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Luisa Berná works in the field of comparative and evolutionary genomics in unicellular eukaryotes. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how advances in three-dimensional genome organization have reshaped our understanding of parasite biology. She discusses how recent findings uncover the distinctiveness of the three-dimensional architecture of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi'</i>s genome and its functional implications. Berná argues that integrating structural genomics into parasite research is essential for advancing our understanding of genome organization and its role in shaping parasite biology, particularly in the context of neglected tropical diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0061124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophages are infrequently associated with antibiotic resistance in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> clinical isolates.","authors":"Tony H Chang, Julie D Pourtois, Naomi L Haddock, Daisuke Furukawa, Kate E Kelly, Derek F Amanatullah, Elizabeth Burgener, Carlos Milla, Niaz Banaei, Paul L Bollyky","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00904-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00904-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lysogenic bacteriophages can integrate their genome into the bacterial chromosome in the form of a prophage and can promote genetic transfer between bacterial strains <i>in vitro</i>. However, the contribution of lysogenic bacteriophages to the incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinical settings is poorly understood. Here, in a set of 186 clinical isolates of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> collected from respiratory cultures from 82 patients with cystic fibrosis, we evaluate the links between prophage counts and both genomic and phenotypic resistance to six anti-pseudomonal antibiotics: tobramycin, colistin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, aztreonam, and piperacillin-tazobactam. We identified 239 different prophages in total. We find that <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates contain on average 3.06 ± 1.84 (SD) predicted prophages. We find no significant association between the number of prophages per isolate and the minimum inhibitory concentration for any of these antibiotics. We then investigate the relationship between particular prophages and AMR. We identify a single lysogenic phage associated with phenotypic resistance to the antibiotic tobramycin and, consistent with this association, we observe that AMR genes associated with resistance to tobramycin are more likely to be found when this prophage is present. However, we find that they are not encoded directly on prophage sequences. Additionally, we identify a single prophage statistically associated with ciprofloxacin resistance but do not identify any genes associated with ciprofloxacin phenotypic resistance. These findings suggest that prophages are only infrequently associated with the AMR genes in clinical isolates of <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.IMPORTANCEAntibiotic-resistant infections of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>Pa</i>), a leading pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), are a global health threat. While lysogenic bacteriophages are known to facilitate horizontal gene transfer, their role in promoting antibiotic resistance in clinical settings remains poorly understood. In our analysis of 186 clinical isolates of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> from CF patients, we find that prophage abundance does not predict phenotypic resistance to key antibiotics but that specific prophages are infrequently associated with tobramycin resistance genes. In addition, we do not find antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes encoded directly on prophages. These results highlight that while phages can be associated with AMR, phage-mediated AMR transfer may be rare in clinical isolates and difficult to identify. This work is important for future efforts on mitigating AMR in CFCF and other vulnerable populations affected by <i>Pa</i> infections and advances our understanding of bacterial-phage dynamics in clinical infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0090424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal administration of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> ATCC 202195 with or without fructooligosaccharide in Bangladesh: a placebo-controlled randomized trial.","authors":"Lisa G Pell, Huma Qamar, Diego G Bassani, Cole Heasley, Celine Funk, Chun-Yuan Chen, Jakaria Shawon, Karen M O'Callaghan, Eleanor Pullenayegum, Davidson H Hamer, Rashidul Haque, Mamun Kabir, Tahmeed Ahmed, Ciobha O'Kelly, Md Iqbal Hossain, Afreen Z Khan, Miranda G Loutet, Mohammad Shahidul Islam, Shaun K Morris, Prakesh S Shah, Philip M Sherman, Shamima Sultana, Abdullah Al Mahmud, Samir K Saha, Shafiqul A Sarker, Daniel E Roth","doi":"10.1128/msphere.01032-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.01032-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> ATCC 202195 (LP202195) plus fructooligosaccharide (FOS) for 7 days was previously shown to colonize the infant intestine up to 6 months of age and reduced sepsis rates among young infants in rural India. In a phase 2 randomized controlled trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh (<i>N</i> = 519), neonatal administration of LP202195 for 1 or 7 days, with or without FOS, increased LP202195 stool abundance from 14 to 60 days of age, versus placebo. Abundance progressively declined in the post-administration period and did not persist beyond 2 months of age. FOS did not affect LP202195 abundance or its duration of persistence. All regimens were well-tolerated and safe. The absence of LP202195 colonization was inconsistent with results from a prior trial. Additional large-scale trials of LP202195 ± FOS are needed to establish its efficacy in infants who do not become LP202195-colonized.</p><p><strong>Importance: </strong>Among infants born in Dhaka, Bangladesh, a 7-day regimen of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> ATCC 202195 (LP202195) plus fructooligosaccharide (FOS) did not colonize the infant gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The absence of colonization is inconsistent with a prior study of the same synbiotic regimen in India, in which LP202195 was shown to persist in the infant GI tract for up to 6 months. Sustained LP202195 colonization was thought to be required for the probiotic to impart its beneficial impact on newborn sepsis. Therefore, additional trials are warranted to confirm the previously observed effects of LP202195 on infant clinical outcomes in the absence of LP202195 colonization. Moreover, since regimens of LP202195 that did not include FOS were indistinguishable from the synbiotic in terms of colonization, safety, and tolerability, future trials should assess the role of FOS for clinical efficacy; removing FOS would reduce costs, an important consideration for scale-up.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials: </strong>This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05180201.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0103224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targets for the diagnosis of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> eye infections include four cyst wall proteins and the mannose-binding domain of the trophozoite mannose-binding protein.","authors":"Bharath Kanakapura Sundararaj, Manish Goyal, John Samuelson","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00948-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00948-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Acanthamoebae</i>, which are free-living amoebae, cause corneal inflammation (keratitis) and blindness, if not quickly diagnosed and effectively treated. The walls of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> cysts contain cellulose and have two layers connected by conical ostioles. Cysts are identified by <i>in vivo</i> confocal microscopy of the eye or calcofluor-white- or Giemsa-labeling of corneal scrapings, both of which demand great expertise. Trophozoites, which use a mannose-binding protein to adhere to keratinocytes, are identified in eye cultures that delay diagnosis and treatment. We recently used structural and experimental methods to characterize cellulose-binding domains of Luke and Leo lectins, which are abundant in the inner layer and ostioles. However, no antibodies have been made to these lectins or to a Jonah lectin and a laccase, which are abundant in the outer layer. Here, confocal microscopy of rabbit antibodies (rAbs) to recombinant Luke, Leo, Jonah, and laccase supported localizations of GFP-tagged proteins in walls of transfected <i>Acanthamoebae</i>. rAbs efficiently detected calcofluor white-labeled cysts of 10 of the 11 <i>Acanthamoeba</i> isolates tested, including six T4 genotypes that cause most cases of keratitis. Further, laccase shed into the medium during encystation was detected by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Structural and experimental methods identified the mannose-binding domain (ManBD) of the <i>Acanthamoeba</i> mannose-binding protein, while rAbs to the ManBD efficiently detected DAPI-labeled trophozoites from all 11 <i>Acanthamoeba</i> isolates tested. We conclude that antibodies to four cyst wall proteins and the ManBD efficiently identify <i>Acanthamoeba</i> cysts and trophozoites, respectively.IMPORTANCEFree-living amoeba in the soil or water cause <i>Acanthamoeba</i> keratitis, which is diagnosed by identification of unlabeled cysts by <i>in vivo</i> confocal microscopy of the eye or calcofluor-white (CFW) labeled cysts by fluorescence microscopy of corneal scrapings. Alternatively, <i>Acanthamoeba</i> infections are diagnosed by the identification of trophozoites in eye cultures. Here, we showed that rabbit antibodies (rAbs) to four abundant cyst wall proteins (Jonah, Luke, Leo, and laccase) each efficiently identify CFW-labeled cysts of 10 of the 11 <i>Acanthamoeba</i> isolates tested. Further, laccase released into the medium by encysting <i>Acanthamoebae</i> was detected by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. We also showed that rAbs to the mannose-binding domain (ManBD) of the <i>Acanthamoeba</i> mannose-binding protein, which mediates adherence of trophozoites to keratinocytes, efficiently identify DAPI-labeled trophozoites of all 11 <i>Acanthamoeba</i> isolates tested. In summary, four wall proteins and the ManBD appear to be excellent targets for the diagnosis of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> cysts and trophozoites, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0094824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}