R. Nichols, D. J. Bernays, T. Spriesterbach, V. Dongen
{"title":"Testing of traffic information service broadcast (TIS-B) and ADS-B at Memphis International Airport","authors":"R. Nichols, D. J. Bernays, T. Spriesterbach, V. Dongen","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2002.1067933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2002.1067933","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B) is a surveillance system in which participating aircraft periodically distribute estimates of their state vector on a common communications channel. The state vector estimates are derived from navigation avionics on each individual aircraft. Any user may then assemble a surveillance picture of nearby traffic by collecting these reports and comparing them to their own position. Of course, such a surveillance picture only includes aircraft that are equipped with ADS-B avionics and are transmitting their state vector updates. While in the end state one can envision near universal equipage, \"early adopters\" of ADS-B receivers will gain little utility until a significant fraction of the fleet equips. Traffic information system broadcast (TIS-B) is a tool to bridge this transition. TIS-B collects state vector information on aircraft through ground-based surveillance sensors, reformats the information into \"ADS-B-like\" formats, and broadcasts these reports on the common ADS-B channel. This paper describes the test organization and preliminary results from a data collection activity conducted jointly by FAA and industry from May 20-23 at Memphis International Airport to characterize key elements of TIS-B.","PeriodicalId":190149,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116661859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of continuous descent approach concepts for noise abatement [ATC]","authors":"A. Warren, K. Tong","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2002.1067906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2002.1067906","url":null,"abstract":"One major problem for airports today is the noise and environmental effects of conventional aircraft approach procedures. Conventional approach procedures, for example, often descend aircraft to intermediate altitudes on the order of 2000 to 3000 feet, before transitioning onto the final approach path and final descent to the approach runway. The effect of such procedures is to spread noise and aircraft emissions onto nearby communities, sometimes as far away as 30 miles from the runway threshold. Continuous descent approach (CDA) procedures have been proposed to reduce noise and emissions by (1) delaying descent below 7000 feet as late as possible, and (2) descending at idle or near idle thrust from about 220 knots until final approach speed is reached. This paper describes near-term, mid-term, and advanced operational concepts for FMS (flight management system) based CDA system deployments.","PeriodicalId":190149,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117341109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Spacecraft Onboard Interface standardization activity","authors":"J.F. Smith, C. Plummer, P. Plancke","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2002.1052954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2002.1052954","url":null,"abstract":"The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) is an international organization of national space agencies (such as NASA in the United States) that is organized to promote the interchange of space related information. Now, CCSDS is branching out to provide new standards for the interchange of information, and the interconnection of subsystems and devices onboard of a spacecraft. This effort is know as Spacecraft Onboard Interface (SOIF). SOIF will publish standards that will allow for the enhanced reuse of spacecraft equipment and software. SOIF expects that these standards will be well known and used within the space community, and that they will be based on or similar to the well-known Internet protocols. This paper will provide a description of the SOIF work by reviewing this work with three orthogonal views. The first of these views is the Protocol view, which describes the protocols and services that are to be implemented in order to provide the users with the advantages of the SOIF architecture. The second of these views is the Services View, which describes the data communications services that are provided to the users. And finally, the Interoperability view provides a description to users how SOIF can be used to interchange between different spacecraft data busses. This paper will give the reader an excellent introduction to the work of the international SOIF team.","PeriodicalId":190149,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127184158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A planned maintenance program for aircraft wiring","authors":"C. Teal, W. Larsen","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2002.1052994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2002.1052994","url":null,"abstract":"Aging wiring has been identified as a national concern and is a major topic for those involved in aerospace electrical systems. This paper identifies some of the major contributions why wiring installed on legacy aircraft has taken center stage. It suggests a planned approach to enhance wiring safety that will improve electronic system performance and reliability. We suggest a two pronged approach: 1. Become cognizant of the technical and operational issues that govern electronic systems robustness and determination of useful life. This is accomplished by providing training to those individuals directly exposed to the aircraft electrical systems during operations. Training can aid management, engineering and technical positions by providing the latest practices that are applicable to the tasks at hand. 2. Apply available technology complementary to the issues of legacy and new design aircraft for systems level diagnostics, prognostics and enhanced life expectancy. Several alternatives in obtaining both of these objectives are presented in this document and is only meant to stimulate the thinking of those readers involved in the everyday operations of aircraft into a more proactive approach to maintaining aircraft electrical systems.","PeriodicalId":190149,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124742708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Histon, J. Hansman, Blake Gottlieb, Howard Kleinwaks, S. Yenson, D. Delahaye, S. Puechmorel, R. Hansman, Mass. Cambridge
{"title":"Structural considerations and cognitive complexity in air traffic control","authors":"J. Histon, J. Hansman, Blake Gottlieb, Howard Kleinwaks, S. Yenson, D. Delahaye, S. Puechmorel, R. Hansman, Mass. Cambridge","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2002.1067894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2002.1067894","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of air traffic controllers to deal with complex situations is a limiting factor in airspace capacity. The underlying airspace structure and other procedural elements are thought to be important factors in reducing a controller's cognitive complexity through the use of structure based abstractions. Because cognitive complexity cannot be directly observed it must be investigated indirectly. This paper discusses and presents examples of how directly observable states and controllers' subjective responses can be used to indirectly probe and gain insight into how structure based abstractions are used to manage cognitive complexity.","PeriodicalId":190149,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124881830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A description of the software element of the NASA portable electronic device radiated emissions investigation","authors":"S. V. Koppen","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2002.1053017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2002.1053017","url":null,"abstract":"NASA Langley Research Center's (LaRC) High Intensity Radiated Fields Laboratory (HIRF Lab) recently conducted a series of electromagnetic radiated emissions tests under agreements with Delta Airlines and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The frequency spectrum environment at a commercial airport was measured. The environment survey provides a picture of the complex nature of the electromagnetic environment present in those areas outside the aircraft. In addition, radiated emissions tests were conducted on portable electronic devices (PEDs) such as, cell phones, laptop computers, electronic toys, and family radio systems, that may be brought onboard aircraft. These tests were performed in both semi-anechoic and reverberation chambers. The data generated during the tests are intended to support the research on the effect of radiated emissions from wireless devices on aircraft avionic systems. This report describes the tests and automated data acquisition systems used at the airport and in the HIRF Lab. In addition, the data reduction process is discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":190149,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125806365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Free flight: how low can you go? [ATC]","authors":"J. Hoekstra, F. Bussink","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2002.1067889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2002.1067889","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a flight simulator experiment that is part of a Free Flight project, in which NASA, FAA, the RLD and NLR collaborate. The NLR activities in this project investigate: 'What is minimally required for airborne separation assurance?' A basic Airborne Separation Assurance System (ASAS) has been developed consisting of conflict detection, conflict resolution and conflict prevention (CDR&P) based on exchanging solely position and velocity (i.e. 'state') data. Past experiments have indicated that introducing this system for Free Flight is not only feasible but will also increase the capacity of enroute airspace.","PeriodicalId":190149,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125339355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"European medium-term conflict detection field trials [ATC]","authors":"S. Kauppinen, C. Brain, M. Moore","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2002.1067918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2002.1067918","url":null,"abstract":"The medium-term conflict detection (MTCD) field trials are an important part of EUROCONTROL's performance enhancement programme for European ATM (EATMP), which consists of 22 (sub)-programmes. One of them, automated support to air traffic services (ASA) programme 2, develops, prototypes, simulates and finally tests in live ATC environment new ATC decision support tools. The ASA programme is developing solutions for ATC challenges, such as complexity detection and management, sequencing and metering, and conflict detection and resolution. The main principle is layered planning; where complex traffic situations are detected and solved by re-routing or metering, and the remaining conflicts are detected and resolved with automation assistance. Use of air-ground integration is considered, as appropriate.","PeriodicalId":190149,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125584449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationship between airport congestion and at-gate delay","authors":"P.T.R. Wang, N. Tene, L. Wojcik","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2002.1067926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2002.1067926","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between airport congestion and passenger delays at an airport is determined by many factors. Among these factors are scheduled and actual flight times, flight itineraries, airport capacity, and turn around time between flights. From the existing recorded data, it is possible to present a general profile of both airport congestion and passenger delays, measured with respect to the published schedule, at major airports within the US. This paper illustrates the discrepancy between the two measurements. Airport congestion may be masked by flight schedules which account for routine arrival delays and/or with slack time provided for turn around at an airport. It is possible for an airport to be heavily utilized, with little or unnoticeable at-gate delays (measured with respect to scheduled arrival time). On the other hand, at-gate delays can occur at under-utilized airports. Arrival and departure queuing delays are better indicators of airport congestion than passenger delays. Average flight at-gate delays are derived from performance data and compared with simulation results for 30 of the busiest airports in USA for a good weather day. The effects of variations in schedule flight time and slack time are studied parametrically in the simulation and calibrated to match the recorded baseline national airspace system (NAS) delay profiles. This paper illustrates a technique for estimating NAS-wide impact of propagated flight delays, based upon a method for calibration a system-level simulation against real world delays as well as delays derived from other simulations.","PeriodicalId":190149,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126602913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jay J. Ely, Truong X. Nguyen, S. V. Koppen, M. Salud
{"title":"Electromagnetic interference assessment of CDMA and GSM wireless phones to aircraft navigation radios","authors":"Jay J. Ely, Truong X. Nguyen, S. V. Koppen, M. Salud","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2002.1053021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2002.1053021","url":null,"abstract":"A radiated emission measurement process for CDMA (IS-95) and GSM (ETSI GSM 11.22) wireless handsets was developed. Spurious radiated emissions were efficiently characterized from devices tested in either a semi-anechoic or reverberation chamber, in terms of effective isotropic radiated power. Eight representative handsets (4 GSM, 4 CDMA) were commanded to operate while varying their radio transmitter parameters (power, modulation, etc.). The measurement process and resulting data may subsequently be used by others as a basis of consistent evaluation for cellular/PCS phones, Bluetooth, IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11a, FRS/GMRS radios, and other portable transmitters. Aircraft interference path loss (IPL) and navigation radio interference threshold data from numerous reference documents, standards, and NASA partnerships were compiled. Using this data, a preliminary risk assessment is provided for CDMA and GSM wireless phone interference to aircraft localizer, Glideslope, VOR, and GPS radio receivers on typical transport airplanes. Existing data for device emissions, IPL, and navigation radio interference thresholds needs to be extended for an accurate risk assessment for wireless transmitters in aircraft.","PeriodicalId":190149,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122765100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}