Molecular Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Filamentation Profiling Reveals Multiple Transcription Regulators Contributing to the Differences Between Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis.","authors":"Teresa Meza-Davalos,Luis F García-Ortega,Eugenio Mancera","doi":"10.1111/mmi.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.70012","url":null,"abstract":"Candida dubliniensis is the most closely related species to C. albicans, one of the leading causes of fungal infections in humans. However, despite sharing many characteristics, C. dubliniensis is significantly less pathogenic. To better understand the molecular underpinnings of these dissimilarities, we focused on the regulation of filamentation, a developmental trait fundamental for host colonization. We generated a collection of 44 C. dubliniensis null mutants of transcription regulators whose orthologs in C. albicans had been previously implicated in filamentous growth. These regulators are very similar at the sequence level, but phenotypic screening identified several mutants with contrasting interspecific filamentation phenotypes beyond previously known differences. Bcr1, a well-known regulator of biofilm formation, stands out as its mutant mainly showed a filamentation defect in C. dubliniensis. Phenotypic and transcriptional characterization showed that the bcr1 defect is condition dependent and that this regulator plays a central role in the filamentation of C. dubliniensis, possibly by regulating the hyphal activator Ume6. Overall, our results suggest that several regulatory pathways are involved in the filamentation differences between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis and show that the C. dubliniensis mutant collection is a valuable resource to compare, at a molecular level, these species of medical relevance.","PeriodicalId":19006,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Microbiology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic and Structural Roles of Candida albicans Rev1 in DNA Damage Response and Disseminated Candidiasis.","authors":"Satya Ranjan Sahu,Sushree Subhashree Parida,Bhabasha Gyanadeep Utkalaja,Shreenath Nayak,Amrita Dalei,Narottam Acharya","doi":"10.1111/mmi.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.70013","url":null,"abstract":"Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) is a fundamental biological process that enables DNA replication through various lesions to ensure genome stability and to prevent cell death due to replication fork collapse. Rev1, a member of Y-family DNA polymerase (Pol), functions in concert with a B-family enzyme Polζ in promoting TLS through various lesions. Interestingly, for such a function, the catalytic activity of Rev1 seems to be dispensable in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Unlike Polζ, which possesses robust DNA polymerase activity, biochemical assays suggest that Rev1 predominantly incorporates a \"C\" opposite any templating residues, but the biological relevance of this activity of Rev1 remains elusive. Here we characterized Rev1 from Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for maximum casualties due to systemic candidiasis in immunosuppressed individuals. Concerted genetic analyses of several Rev1 mutants in various DNA-damaging conditions suggested that in most lesion bypasses except 4-NQO-induced DNA lesions, the catalytic role of Rev1 is not important. However, simultaneous interactions of BRCT and the C-terminal domain of Rev1 with PCNA and Polζ, respectively, enable Rev1 to be essential during TLS. DNA damage recovery and mutagenesis assays further confirmed the lesion-specific roles of various domains of Rev1. Contrary to ex vivo data, animal studies suggested that CaRev1 is dispensable for systemic candidiasis development. We discuss the possible involvement of other TLS DNA polymerases in DNA damage response while C. albicans replicates and establishes itself in the host.","PeriodicalId":19006,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Microbiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a Novel RNA Polymerase Mutant of Escherichia coli That Confers Thermotolerance and Chaperone Independence","authors":"Melody Yeh, Keilen Kelly, Rajeev Misra","doi":"10.1111/mmi.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.70011","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial cells activate stress‐sensing and stress‐mitigating pathways by employing a number of transcription regulators, some of which can bind directly to RNA polymerase to activate stress‐specific response pathways. However, mutations in the RNA polymerase genes can accumulate under certain selection conditions and activate stress‐mitigating pathways in a manner that is partly independent of pathway‐specific regulators. In this study, we characterized a novel mutation in the <jats:italic>rpoB</jats:italic> gene that transforms RNA polymerase into a “stringent” polymerase in the absence of one of the key stringent response (SR) activating factors (p)ppGpp, produced by the <jats:italic>relA</jats:italic> gene product. The mutant RNA polymerase allele, <jats:italic>rpoB58</jats:italic>, elevated thermotolerance and permitted growth without the key molecular chaperones (DnaKJ) and proteases (Lon, ClpP) at temperatures nonpermissive to cells expressing the wild type RNA polymerase genes. Remarkably, <jats:italic>rpoB58</jats:italic> also reversed the cell division defect of Δ<jats:italic>dnaJ</jats:italic> at a nonpermissive temperature but could not overcome its lambda phage‐resistant phenotype. The <jats:italic>rpoB58</jats:italic>‐mediated rescue of the Δ<jats:italic>dnaKJ</jats:italic> growth defect was partly reversed in the absence of DksA, a protein that acts synergistically with (p)ppGpp to transform RNA polymerase into a stringent state. The data suggest that pre‐activated SR confers thermotolerance and chaperone independence in part by lowering protein synthesis.","PeriodicalId":19006,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Microbiology","volume":"687 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the Multicopper Oxidase CueO in Copper Homeostasis Under Anaerobic Conditions in Enterobacteria","authors":"Jérôme Becam, Maxence Dessertine, Alexandra Vergnes, Laurent Aussel, Benjamin Ezraty","doi":"10.1111/mmi.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.70010","url":null,"abstract":"The periplasmic multicopper oxidase CueO plays a crucial role in copper detoxification in enterobacteria. CueO contains a catalytic site, the Cu‐T1 center, and a methionine‐rich (Met‐rich) domain capable of binding copper. This enzyme oxidizes cuprous ions (Cu<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>) to the less toxic cupric ions (Cu<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>), coupled with oxygen reduction. This oxygen dependence has established CueO's role in alleviating copper stress under aerobic conditions, but its function in anaerobic environments remains uncertain. In this study, we demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions and copper stress in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S.</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> Typhimurium, CueO is produced and contributes to copper homeostasis through its catalytic activity. Using CueO variants with either a mutated catalytic site or a deleted Met‐rich domain, we showed that CueO's catalytic activity, rather than its copper‐binding capacity, is essential for copper resistance. Additionally, we found that deleting other copper homeostasis systems in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic></jats:styled-content>, the inner membrane transporter CopA and the efflux pump CusCBA, leads to the overproduction of CueO under anaerobic conditions. This overproduction enhances the copper resistance of the ∆<jats:italic>copA</jats:italic> ∆<jats:italic>cusB</jats:italic> strain. Overall, our findings provide evidence for CueO's role in copper detoxification under anaerobic conditions, highlighting its importance in such environments, that is, host–pathogen interactions or biofilm formation.","PeriodicalId":19006,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Microbiology","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impairment of Lipoylation Mediated by Bromooctanoate Targets Eukaryotic Amidotransferases.","authors":"Albertina Scattolini,Joaquín Costa,Tulio L Pianessi,Antonio D Uttaro,María C Mansilla","doi":"10.1111/mmi.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.70007","url":null,"abstract":"Lipoylation is a post-translational modification in which lipoic acid is attached to specific apoproteins of enzyme complexes, like E2 subunits of dehydrogenases or GcvH of the glycine cleavage system. A defining feature of organisms with a lipoyl-relay system is the presence of amidotransferase activity, which enables the transfer of lipoyl groups attached to intermediary proteins to the E2 subunits. In this study, we characterized the lipoate metabolism of Capsaspora owczarzaki and Plasmodium falciparum. Both organisms utilize amidotransferases in their lipoylation pathways, with the filasterian enzyme playing a key role in lipoate synthesis, while the apicomplexan counterpart, previously considered a lipoyltransferase, is essential in its lipoate salvage pathway. We also discovered that specific structural features and certain conserved domains in eukaryotic amidotransferases can significantly influence their mechanism of action and susceptibility to the lipoate analog bromooctanoate. Overall, this study highlights the metabolic strategies of C. owczarzaki and emphasizes the critical role of amidotransferases as ancestral enzymes in the evolution of lipoate metabolism, suggesting that the lipoyl relay may represent a universal pathway across diverse clades.","PeriodicalId":19006,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Microbiology","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifaceted Roles of chs Genes in Regulating Cell Growth, Mycelial Morphology, Monascus Pigments and Citrinin Biosynthesis in Monascus purpureus","authors":"Chenyu Zhang, Xinyi Liu, Song Zhang, Jun Liu, Zhengyan Wu, Qi Yang, Qing Liu, Bo Zhou, Qinlu Lin, Chenglun Tang","doi":"10.1111/mmi.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.70008","url":null,"abstract":"Chitin biosynthesis is intricately linked to the cellular growth and secondary metabolism of microorganisms. Our previous research has evaluated the role of the <jats:italic>chs6</jats:italic> gene in modulating spore germination, mycelial morphology, and <jats:italic>Monascus</jats:italic> pigment biosynthesis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>M. purpureus</jats:italic></jats:styled-content>. However, the functions of other <jats:italic>chs</jats:italic> genes in theses contexts remain largely unexplored. The genes <jats:italic>chsG</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>chsA</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>chs5</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>chs2</jats:italic> were overexpressed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>M. purpureus</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> M183 to assess their diverse impacts on cell growth, <jats:italic>Monascus</jats:italic> pigments (MPs) and citrinin biosynthesis. The results indicated that <jats:italic>chsG</jats:italic> overexpression had the most significant effects, particularly enhancing MPs and citrinin synthesis while inhibiting transmembrane secretion. Morphological analysis revealed a substantial reduction in the length of mycelium of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>M. purpureus</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> M183 following the overexpression of these <jats:italic>chs</jats:italic> genes. Furthermore, the surface of the mycelium pellets from these mutants displayed a more flocculent and roughened texture during SBF compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>M. purpureus</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> M183. Notably, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>M. purpureus</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> oe:<jats:italic>chsG</jats:italic> was characterized by conspicuously bolder mycelia, a denser cell wall, and darker cytoplasm. RT‐qPCR results demonstrated that the <jats:italic>chsG</jats:italic> mRNA level increased by 11.9‐fold in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>M. purpureus</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> oe:<jats:italic>chsG</jats:italic>, and the individual overexpression of the genes <jats:italic>chs5</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>chsA</jats:italic> triggered notable elevations in the <jats:italic>chsG</jats:italic> mRNA level. A comparative transcriptome analysis uncovered profound alterations in the expression patterns of genes associated with biosynthetic pathways of MPs, citrinin, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, as well as morphological regulation and growth, including the chitin and ergosterol biosynthetic pathways, MAPK signal pathway, global transcription factors, and peroxisomes.","PeriodicalId":19006,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Galactomannan Utilization by Cellvibrio japonicus Relies on a Single Essential α-Galactosidase Encoded by the aga27A Gene\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/mmi.15372","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mmi.15372","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19006,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An HWE‐Family Histidine Kinase Modulates Brucella Cell Envelope Properties and Host Innate Immune Response","authors":"Xingru Chen, Emily Perez, Eleanor C. Scheeres, Rosemary Northcote, Aretha Fiebig, Andrew J. Olive, Sean Crosson","doi":"10.1111/mmi.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.70006","url":null,"abstract":"The bacterial cell envelope is essential for viability and host interaction. In the intracellular pathogen <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Brucella ovis</jats:italic></jats:styled-content>, the orphan HWE‐family histidine kinase PhyK has been implicated in processes that influence cell envelope homeostasis, yet its function remains largely uncharacterized. We show that deletion of <jats:italic>phyK</jats:italic> (∆<jats:italic>phyK</jats:italic>) disrupts cell size control, increases resistance to anionic detergents, enhances sensitivity to cationic envelope disruptors, and triggers broad transcriptional changes, including reduced expression of aerobic respiration genes and increased expression of genes involved in transport and lipid metabolism. This transcriptional profile mirrors that of wild‐type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>B. ovis</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> exposed to an anionic detergent, indicating that loss of PhyK function primes cells to resist this stress. Despite its altered cell envelope properties, the ∆<jats:italic>phyK</jats:italic> mutant exhibits no fitness defect in ex vivo macrophage infection models. However, it elicits a significantly reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokine response in activated murine macrophages compared to the wild‐type strain. We further show that purified PhyK can form multiple stable oligomeric species in solution, reflecting the structural plasticity observed in other HWE‐family kinases and likely contributing to its signaling function in vivo. Our results establish PhyK as a key regulator of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>B. ovis</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> cell envelope properties that can modulate host immune interactions.","PeriodicalId":19006,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Microbiology","volume":"643 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic Di‐AMP Affects Cell Membrane Integrity of Streptococcus pneumoniae","authors":"Tiffany M. Zarrella, Jianle Gao, Nathan Forrest, Elijah Crosbourne, Kaibo Cui, Guangchun Bai","doi":"10.1111/mmi.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.70003","url":null,"abstract":"Competence is an important bioprocess for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</jats:italic></jats:styled-content>. Previously, we demonstrated that the bacterial second messenger cyclic di‐adenosine monophosphate (c‐di‐AMP) modulates pneumococcal competence. Surprisingly, <jats:italic>cdaA*</jats:italic>, a strain producing less c‐di‐AMP due to a point mutation in the diadenylate cyclase CdaA, is susceptible to competence‐stimulating peptide (CSP). In this study, we screened <jats:italic>cdaA</jats:italic>* suppressor mutants resistant to CSP to explore the underlying mechanism. Of 14 clones sequenced, nine clones possessed mutations in the c‐di‐AMP phosphodiesterase Pde1, indicating that the susceptibility to CSP of the <jats:italic>cdaA</jats:italic>* strain is correlated to c‐di‐AMP levels. Another two clones exhibited a mutation in FabT, a transcription factor controlling cell membrane fatty acid biosynthesis. We further showed that deletion of <jats:italic>fabT</jats:italic>, disruption of the FabT‐binding site within the P<jats:sub><jats:italic>fabK</jats:italic></jats:sub> promoter, deletion of a <jats:italic>fabT</jats:italic> activator BriC, or disruption of K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> uptake in the <jats:italic>cdaA</jats:italic>* mutant all rescued the growth defect of the <jats:italic>cdaA</jats:italic>* strain in media supplemented with CSP. Finally, we found that a c‐di‐AMP phosphodiesterase‐null mutant with high levels of c‐di‐AMP is highly sensitive to treatment with either ethanol or Triton X‐100, which could be corrected by reducing c‐di‐AMP levels through introducing point mutations in CdaA. Together, these findings indicate that c‐di‐AMP affects cell membrane integrity.","PeriodicalId":19006,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Microbiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic Di-AMP Affects Cell Membrane Integrity of Streptococcus pneumoniae.","authors":"Tiffany M Zarrella, Jianle Gao, Nathan Forrest, Elijah Crosbourne, Kaibo Cui, Guangchun Bai","doi":"10.1111/mmi.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Competence is an important bioprocess for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Previously, we demonstrated that the bacterial second messenger cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) modulates pneumococcal competence. Surprisingly, cdaA*, a strain producing less c-di-AMP due to a point mutation in the diadenylate cyclase CdaA, is susceptible to competence-stimulating peptide (CSP). In this study, we screened cdaA* suppressor mutants resistant to CSP to explore the underlying mechanism. Of 14 clones sequenced, nine clones possessed mutations in the c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase Pde1, indicating that the susceptibility to CSP of the cdaA* strain is correlated to c-di-AMP levels. Another two clones exhibited a mutation in FabT, a transcription factor controlling cell membrane fatty acid biosynthesis. We further showed that deletion of fabT, disruption of the FabT-binding site within the P_fabK promoter, deletion of a fabT activator BriC, or disruption of K⁺ uptake in the cdaA* mutant all rescued the growth defect of the cdaA* strain in media supplemented with CSP. Finally, we found that a c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase-null mutant with high levels of c-di-AMP is highly sensitive to treatment with either ethanol or Triton X-100, which could be corrected by reducing c-di-AMP levels through introducing point mutations in CdaA. Together, these findings indicate that c-di-AMP affects cell membrane integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19006,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144506873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}