RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety最新文献

{"title":"Technologies for the prevention and extinguishing of wildfires in Russia and the world: the dynamics of patent activity and patentological prospects","authors":"V. Perminov, D. Vorobiev, D. Kasymov, V. V. Perminova","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-227-239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-227-239","url":null,"abstract":"Рresents a patent review of technologies for the prevention and extinguishing of wildfires in the Russian Federation and the world over the last 30 years. The analysis of patent documents shows that there have been around 300 patent applications per year throughout the study period. The patent offices of China and the United States possess the largest number of patent families. In addition, China has a large number of patents with little legal protection, i.e. to protect specific technical solutions. In the Russian Federation, research organizations in the regions with extensive forest resources and a complex fire situation focus on developments in the field of prevention and extinguishing of wildfires. Technical solutions of Russian developers are relevant since they correspond to global patenting trends and have the thoroughly studied application materials. However, Russian patent holders experience difficulties when their developments enter into civil circulation, which decreases the number of valid protective documents. Thus, the transfer of technologies for the prevention and extinguishing of forest fires needs to be developed. The main technological areas of application are Environmental Technologies, Control, Transport, Measurement, and Computer and Telecommunication Technologies. The distribution shows that traditional ways of fighting fires are being improved, mainly fire-fighting equipment with the most active development of technologies for detecting, monitoring and controlling forest fires. Additional analysis of records has identified software products, registered in the Russian Federation, which are designed to prevent and extinguish wildfires. The prospects of patenting have been assessed and the features of conducting a patent search on this subject have been indicated.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127268961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projections of moisture conditions in the Sevastopol region for grapes growing","authors":"E. Vyshkvarkova, E. Rybalko, O. Marchukova, N. Baranova","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-300-311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-300-311","url":null,"abstract":"The climatic and orographic features of the Sevastopol region are the basis for the development of viticulture, winemaking and obtaining a wide range of high-quality wines. Viticulture is a specialization of agriculture in the Sevastopol region. Observed and predicted climate changes lead to a shift in favorable zones for growing grapes. The amount of precipitation is a key parameter, along with air temperature, for obtaining high quality grapes, and later wine. The water requirements of grapes vary with the season and phase of plant development. The article assesses the possible changes in the conditions of moisture conditions in the Sevastopol region for the grapes growing. The work uses data from numerical calculations of global climate models of the CMIP6 project under an unfavorable scenario of greenhouse gas concentrations SSP5-8.5. The assessment was carried out using two agroclimatic indices - the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient and the dryness index, by the middle and end of the 21st century. According to the predicted values of agroclimatic indices, by the middle and the end of the century, the Sevastopol region will remain in the zone where the cultivation of grapes will be possible without irrigation. The results obtained showed the likelihood of an increase in the aridity of the region in future periods, especially towards the end of the century, which will entail additional stress for the grapes. Adaptation measures such as selection of drought-tolerant grape varieties, changes in tillage systems, and placement of vineyards on northern slopes will be required to minimize unfavorable conditions.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133292301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of potential risks to the health of the population of the Baikal region when using products contaminated with antibiotics","authors":"S. Timofeeva, Semyen S. Timofeev, O. V. Tyukalova","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-312-325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-312-325","url":null,"abstract":"Modern ecological problems are considered - pollution of the natural environment with antibiotics and resistance to antimicrobial drugs, when microorganisms mutate and lose susceptibility to antibiotics. The reasons for this dangerous phenomenon are the ever-growing and uncontrolled use of antibiotics in medicine, veterinary medicine and agriculture. Most antibiotics are not completely metabolized in humans and animals, a significant part of the injected drugs enters the water and soil through urban wastewater, animal manure and sewage sludge transported to agricultural fields as fertilizers and pose environmental risks to human health. Assessment of environmental risks from the accumulation of antibiotics in natural waters and food is extremely important for the Baikal natural territory. This is an area that includes Lake Baikal (a World Heritage site), a water protection zone adjacent to Lake Baikal, its catchment basin on the territory of the Russian Federation, natural zones of primary protection adjacent to Lake Baikal, as well as an area about 200 km wide adjacent to Lake Baikal to the west and northwest of it. It may be at potential risk both for endemic species of Lake Baikal and for the population in case of chronic exposure and accumulation of antibiotics in environmental objects. The purpose of this work was a predictive assessment of the environmental risk to public health with direct oral consumption of water, meat and other products grown in an area contaminated with antibiotics. The initial data were the results of monitoring the quality of food products entering the retail network of the Irkutsk region. It was found that on average, an adult resident of the region receives 0.5718 mg/kg of antibiotics daily with food. A child aged 6 to 12 years receives 1.3803 mg/kg of antibiotic daily with food, and a child aged 2 to 6 years receives 2.6686 mg/kg of the substance. Residents of the Baikal region, adults and children aged 2 to 12 years, have a potential environmental health risk as a result of exposure to antibiotics coming with food on the body an order of magnitude higher than the safe level and it is necessary to take actions aimed at minimizing such risks.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134190820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic impact on the Taldykol lake system in the city of Nur-Sultan","authors":"L. Akbayeva, Assem B. Meldeshova, Yerlan Zh. Makazhanov","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-266-279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-266-279","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes study of the hydrochemistry of Taldykol lake system, consisting of the Big and Small Taldykol lakes, in the city of Nur-Sultan. The aim of the work is to assess the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem of steppe wetlands located in the center of the developing capital. Sampling was carried out from 8 sites of the lake system in autumn 2020. The results of hydrochemical analysis of water samples made it possible to assess the level of chemical pollution and anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem, which, due to rapid urbanization, the lakes have been exposed to for decades. Now, due to the artificial fragmentation of lakes, the surface communication between the sites is disrupted, as evidenced by the different composition of pollutants in water bodies. Nevertheless, to draw up a complete picture and assess the anthropogenic impact on the Taldykol lake ecosystem, it is necessary to consider the results of a comprehensive study of lakes, which includes a number of additional works.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"152 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125897337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public hearings for environmental impact assessment in Russia - changes in legislation and practice of performance 2021-2022","authors":"Tatyana N. Ledashcheva, Tatyana Yu. Kukhtina, V. Pinaev","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-326-331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-326-331","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the issues of changing in the legislation of the Russian Federation on environmental impact assessment in terms of informing the public about new projects. Significant changes that have occurred in the practices and requirements of legislation, including one connected with the COVID-19 pandemic, have made changes, among other things, in the ways of informing the public - it has become possible to hold public discussions and inform the public remotely. With a low level of interest of the general public in the results of the impact assessment, the remote format of public discussions did not make fundamental changes. The main changes of 2021-2022 that occurred in the part of public discussions are presented in the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation No. 999 dated December 1, 2020 “On approval of requirements for environmental impact assessment materials”, and the permissibility of using a remote format for public discussions is given in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 440 of April 3, 2020 “On the Extension of Permits and Other Features in Relation to Permitting Activities in 2020-2022”.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124025014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of drinking water quality in the northern regions of the Moscow region based on data from Rospotrebnadzor and private laboratories","authors":"T. Lukyanova, M. Larionov, S. Kryuchkov","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-357-372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-357-372","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of drinking water quality affects many aspects of our lives. The use of water that does not comply with the established safety standards can provoke various adverse consequences for humans. This article reviews the quality of drinking water in water intake wells, public wells, springs, and centralized water supply points in apartment buildings in the Taldom and Dmitrov town districts of the Moscow region. As a result of the analysis of the indicators of 76 sources in these areas, it was found that drinking water that fully complies with the Sanitary Regulations and Norms 2.1.4.1074-01 is observed only in 3 sources. Which advises 3.9% of the total. In 96.1% of the sources, the water is not suitable for drinking and requires additional cleaning measures (up to sanitary and hygienic regulatory requirements for disinfection).","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115720068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk-based approach in food safety monitoring: algorithms for chemical pollutants ranking","authors":"D. A. Makarov, T. Balagula, O. I. Lavrukhina, L. Shirkin","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-393-406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-393-406","url":null,"abstract":"A risk-based approach in food safety monitoring suggests that the number analysis of contaminants and (or) products depends on the risk caused by product contamination, first of all for consumer health and economic (prevention of unsafe products realization). Risk-oriented sampling, planning and assignment of studies can be opposed with representative, aimed at obtaining reliable information about the contamination of the main types of products and conducted taking into account the requirements of mathematical statistics. The core of the various risk-based approaches as a rule is the ranking of contaminants/groups of contaminants and combinations of «contaminant-product» according to the risk degree. Ranking algorithms may be subdivided into qualitative (verbal characteristics) and quantitative (scores estimation). Algorithms for food chemical contaminants ranking proposed by authority agencies of the most successful in food safety countries are reviewed in this paper. The proposed approaches have a certain (sometimes limited) scope of application and provide scientifically based data for enhance compound control, unite toxicological characteristics, consumption, identification, and other information about xenobiotics. A serious limitation of the ranking effectiveness may be missing data of veterinary drugs (antibiotics) residues below maximum permissible level. There are additional but important criteria for health risk, the ability of drugs to cause pathogenic microorganisms’ resistance for the example.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128398953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Runoff of nutrients and pollutants from urban watersheds","authors":"Stepan Klubov, V. Tretyakov","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-217-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-217-226","url":null,"abstract":"Runoff of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and toxic pollutants from urbanized areas is significant source of toxic contamination and anthropogenic eutrophication of water bodies. It is difficult to calculate the surface runoff value. Overview of the runoff modules from urban watersheds with various degrees of urbanization is presented. Some results of our evaluation of the values for the watersheds of the Volkovka and Okhta rivers of St. Petersburg are considered. The evaluation was carried out with usage of our own methodology. The results of our research are compared with ones of other researches. The comparison demonstrates that urbanization significantly influences at intakes of the nutrients and pollutants into water object. The surface runoff is the main source of the pollutants and nutrients intakes into water objects from urban areas.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115534988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-parameter approach to assessing the environmental performance of oil and gas production facilities","authors":"E. V. Gubar, O. V. Tupitsyna","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-345-356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-345-356","url":null,"abstract":"The results presented in this article are an attempt to develop a methodology for predicting productivity and determining the contour of the object of the I category of negative impact on the environment. Using an empirically derived set of methods of analysis, a study of the state of oil and gas fields in the Samara region of different terms and stages of the life cycle of operation, productivity, etc. was carried out. The methodology is based on the evaluation of fields as a part of the license area for the purpose of further decision-making on the system of measures in the field of waste management, development of programs for improving environmental efficiency, taking into account the development of the fields. The basic principle of the developed methodology implies a comprehensive analysis of the balance schemes of material flows of technological cycles of raw materials and energy, as well as the formed types of chemical compounds in the composition of emissions, effluents and wastes. Application of multi-parameter method of assessment will allow not only to identify additional volumes of uncontrolled impact and to implement preventive measures, but also to maintain communication between the participants of the process of environmental management: public authorities, public, production.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122577040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the degree of air pollution by fluctuating asymmetry of leaves of various tree species","authors":"B. E. Gubasheva, G. Z. Idrissova, Artur N. Tumenov, Ruslan R. Miftakhov","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-417-427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-417-427","url":null,"abstract":"Fluctuating asymmetry of the hanging birch ( Betula pendula Roth), black poplar ( Populus nigra L . ), common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior L . ), common maple ( Acer platanoides L . ), common lilac ( Syringa vulgaris ) was evaluated as an integral measure based on five morphometric features of the plate. Samples of the leaf apparatus were taken at each point of technogenic load from the lower part of the crown of several close-growing trees of Betula pendula Roth, Populus nigra, Fraxinus, Acer platanoides and Syringa randomly select 30 intact leaves from each tree. In the future, calculations of the coefficient of fluctuating asymmetry were carried out in order to obtain an average value that determines the quality of the air environment corresponding to a certain score. An attempt was also made to find the correlation relationship of each bilateral feature with the average coefficient of fluctuating asymmetry. As a result, the correlation coefficient was equal to one, which corresponds to a high correlation. Considering this circumstance, it was decided to find a connection between the correlation dependence of the fluctuating asymmetry of the hanging birch with the fluctuating asymmetry of the leaf apparatus of poplar, maple, ash and lilac. The correlation coefficients were close to one, which made it possible to compile regression equations, with the help of which air quality assessment scales were compiled.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123071032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}