RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of compliance with fire safety requirements of the poultry house for 200,000 heads of “Avangard LLC” in Republic of Mordovia based on fire risk calculation","authors":"A. P. Savelyev, S. Glotov, M. Chugunov, R. R. Salikhov","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-1-35-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-1-35-46","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of the assessment of compliance with fire safety requirements of the building of the poultry house for 200,000 heads of Avangard LLC of the Republic of Mordovia, made on the basis of fire risk calculations. The analysis of factors affecting the quality and reliability of the results of calculations is carried out. During the research and evaluation of the objects compliance with fire safety requirements were guided by the provisions of the Technical regulations on fire safety requirements. A list of technical regulations applicable to the object under study was defined. The article gives the fire-technical characteristics of the object under study, the class of functional fire hazard (agricultural buildings). The conducted research has established that the object of research meets the requirements of fire safety. Calculations on fire risk assessment were fulfilled by comparing the calculated values of fire risk with the normative value. For the considered object of protection the fire hazard analysis including the analysis of building characteristics (space-planning, design and technical solutions), fire protection systems, and features of functioning taking into account contingent and distribution of fire load in rooms was completed. The calculation of the risk of the gas supply system was considered the impact of the flame during the combustion of gas released in case of emergency depressurization of the pipeline. The potential risk in a poultry house near a gas pipeline with a diameter of 50 mm will be 1.7810-5, near a gas pipeline with a diameter of 70 mm - 4.410-7, and in total - 1.82410-5. The individual fire risk for employees of the poultry house building is 8.3110-7 year-1. Calculations of the spread of fire hazards and the time of evacuation of people are made using software that allows to create graphical models of space-planning solutions of buildings. With the introduction of the fire risk assessment system at the legislative level, the owners of objects have the opportunity to optimize the cost of fire safety with the required level of safety of people.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115344022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in medicinal plant raw materials of plain thousand, collected in urban and agribiocenoses of the Voronezh region","authors":"N. Dyakova","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-3-213-224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-3-213-224","url":null,"abstract":"The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and farming. The purpose of the study was to study contamination by heavy metals and arsenic of medicinal vegetable raw materials of the Voronezh region on the example of plain thousand-year-old grass collected in urban and agro-ecological systems with different anthropogenic effects. The study was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry on the basis of atomic absorption spectrometer MGA-915MD pharmacopoeia methods, accumulation of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic was studied in 51 samples of large planter leaves. Comparing the data on heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the grass of the common thousand, it can be argued that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the plant, which is particularly noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. The thousand-year-old is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals entering the active centers of enzyme systems (such as copper and zinc, for example) if their environmental content is below some vital level; With significant content of these elements in soils, the plant also physiologically blocked their entry into the above-ground part of the plant. The results of studies have shown that plain thousand grass is able to accumulate toxic elements from soils in a significant amount, which is important in planning the places of production of medicinal vegetable raw materials and assessing its quality.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126040928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of activated peat for remediation of soils contaminated with petroleum products","authors":"Ekaterina A. Adelfinskaya, V. Myazin","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-2-160-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-2-160-171","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most serious environmental problem in the Far North of the Russian Federation is the pollution of the territory by oil and oil products. Ecosystems of this region are extremely vulnerable, their remediation after anthropogenic impact, such as spill of fuels, can last for decades. This is the reason for necessity of the development of effective methods for cleaning and restoring oil-contaminated lands. As a result of undertaken laboratory study, the possibility of bioremediation of soils contaminated with oil products using activated peat as a sorbent and organic fertilizer was shown. Two weeks after the addition of activated peat, the content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil decreased by 22-47% due to dilution of pollution and improvement of air and nutrient regime. After reclamation, the germination rate of the seeds of a test culture increased by 1,6-3,7 times. The optimum amount of peat required for adding into contaminated sandy soil, depending on the degree of contamination, has also been established. Based on the studies, recommendations for the remediation of the contaminated area of 0.07 ha located in the north-west of the Murmansk region using peat and mineral fertilizers were developed.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121961991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and abundance of copepods on the north coast of Angola during hot season 2014-2016","authors":"Ivania Janilda da Silvaе Castro, Кастро Иваниа Жанилда да Силвае, P. Coelho, Коэльо Пауло Андре де Соуза, E. Vanisova, Ванисова Елена Александровна","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-3-285-292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-3-285-292","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is aimed at discovering the diversity and abundance of copepods in the zooplankton community on the north coast of Angola, during the hot season 2014-2016. The samples were collected during the research cruise on board the Norwegian research ship “Dr. Fridtjof Nansen” in February - March on the Congo River and Luanda monitoring lines. Zooplankton sampling was performed using a multinet net in an oblique trawl (2014) and a WP2 net in a vertical trawl (2015 and 2016), both with 180 µm mesh. The samples were fixed in 4% formaldehyde and analyzed in the oceanography laboratory of the National Institute of Fisheries and Maritime Research in Angola. In the three years of sampling, copepods were present in the zooplankton community. The diversity of copepods on the northern Angolan coast, from 2014 to 2016 in the hot season, included 27 genera corresponding to 19 families. The Copepoda class was the most abundant group in the zooplankton community, corresponding to more than 80% of the abundance, having been represented by the orders Calanoida, Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122319406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of unpaved roads in the formation of landslide processes (on the example of Voronezh region)","authors":"A. Timofeev","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-1-65-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-1-65-74","url":null,"abstract":"The article gives a brief description of the Voronezh region, provides data on the cause of landslides in its territory. The cyclical nature of landslide processes is noted, which in the region is on average 6-8 years. Attention is focused on anthropogenic activity, leading to the occurrence of creeping layers of the earth. The main causes of erosion processes are: significant plowing of the area (80%), which is not subject to the rules of anti-erosion agrotechnology; the irrational use of pastures and hayfields; an extensive gully-beam network. The role of temporary reservoirs formed in the ruts of unpaved roads, passing along the slopes and ravines, as a source of overmoistening of the soil layers and initiation of landslide processes is considered. The analysis of the landslide distribution over the territory of the Voronezh region and their dependence on the network of dirt roads is given. The areas of the Voronezh region were ranked by the number of landslide processes associated with the impact of a number of unpaved highways. Of the 32 districts of the region, according to this ranking, 12 are extremely dangerous, very dangerous and dangerous, and the same areas have a very extensive network of unpaved roads running near ravines, steep banks of rivers and ponds, where potentially flow of landslide processes. Dirt roads often have relatively deep ruts where melted or rainwater accumulates, forming local micro-ponds. Flowing to the waterproof layer, water saturates the soil layer, which can slide down the slope, forming a landslide process. It is necessary to predict the possibility of the occurrence of dangerous natural phenomena when laying automobile dirt roads.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130102803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of radon-222 radiation activity in the design of residential buildings","authors":"Artur V. Sauts, V. N. Sauts","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-4-361-369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-4-361-369","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we have developed a method that allows us to evaluate the radiation activity of radon-222 based on mathematical modeling in the design of residential buildings in accordance with the rules for designing anti-radon protection. The method is based on the numerical solution of the diffusion, heat transfer, and Navier - Stokes equations, supplemented by appropriate turbulence models, initial and boundary conditions, in particular, the process of natural decay and sedimentation of radon-222 in the room is taken into account. Verification of the method for residential premises of an apartment building located on the territory of Saint Petersburg was performed. Using the proposed calculation method allows you to identify the most radiation dangerous places in the room, rationally organize the air exchange and configuration of the room, prevent the development of sick building syndrome, etc.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125852621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The radiation balance of oak forest ecosystems of the Crimean Peninsula","authors":"R. Gorbunov, T. Gorbunova, V. Tabunshchik, A. Drygval","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-3-201-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-3-201-212","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the response of forest ecosystems to climate change is one of the urgent tasks of modern ecology. Regional manifestations of global climate change lead to special reactions of forest ecosystems. The main source of energy for all processes in ecosystems is solar radiation. It starts all the processes of transformation of matter, energy and information in the ecosystem. A change in its income leads to a restructuring of the ecosystem functioning system. For the Crimean Peninsula today the response of forest ecosystems to climate change remains poorly studied. This determines the relevance and purpose of this work. On the base of the landscape-typological map of the Crimean Peninsula, open reanalysis databases, and GIS modeling, the elements of the radiation balance of the oak forest ecosystems of the Crimean peninsula are estimated under the conditions of modern climate changes. The basic laws of the radiation balance formation of oak forest ecosystems and the features of its interannual dynamics are shown.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116368030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric pollution of the Irkutsk region as a result of natural fires and public health risk assessment","authors":"T. Vashchalova, V. Garmyshev","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-3-252-262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-3-252-262","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution of substances entering the atmosphere as a result of natural fires significantly affects the morbidity level of the Irkutsk region population. The development of measures to reduce it requires an assessment of the risk level and analysis of spatial differences in the composition and number of major issuers. The study is based on statistical data on natural fires in the region in 2014-2019. The comparative analysis of the composition and mass of substances from natural fires on three categories of land have done. These are: forest lands; residential, suburban, recreational lands; peat and peat soils. Peat fires are the most dangerous for health according to the weight and composition of pollutants. The level of health risk as a result of natural fires varies by region within two orders of magnitude. It is affected by the proportion of the area of smoke from the total area of the district, nonuniform distribution of the population within the district, sparsely populated and difficult to access, economic specialization, and others.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121702438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noise level at workplaces of motor transport enterprises in the cities of Irkutsk and Usolye-Sibirskoye (Irkutsk agglomeration)","authors":"S. Novikova, D. N. Martynov","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-1-19-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-1-19-34","url":null,"abstract":"Noise is a form of environmental damage. An increase in the background noise leads to negative consequences for the mental and physical health of people. Noise is the greatest threat to those who by virtue of their profession are forced to constantly be exposed to it. The problem of increased noise levels in the workplaces of drivers of vehicles (buses and trams) in the cities of the Irkutsk agglomeration, as well as in sections of streets with installed noise screens (areas adjacent to linear sources of noise pollution and areas of sound shadow) is considered in the article. The legal framework for noise regulation in the Russian Federation is studied. With the help of a sound level meters, instrumental measurements of the noise level at workplaces and territories equipped with protective shields were made. The calculation of statistical characteristics and standard deviations of measuring instruments was carried out in the work. An analysis of the results obtained and their comparison with established sanitary standards for their excess were conducted.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121737308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change of phytotoxicity of soils contaminated with oil products in the process of their microbiological remediation during the application of humic preparations","authors":"A. S. Cherdakova, Чердакова Алина Сергеевна, Svetlana V. Galchenko, Гальченко Светлана Васильевна","doi":"10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-4-336-348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2020-28-4-336-348","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of experimental studies on the assessment of the phytotoxicity of soils contaminated with oil products of various fractions (gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil) in the process of their microbiological remediation with the introduction of humic preparations. The studies were carried out under the conditions of a vegetation experiment, in which the processes of bioremediation of soils contaminated with various oil products were simulated using microbiodestructors and humic preparations (Ekorost and Gumi). It has been established that the implementation of bioremediation measures using microbio-destructors does not allow for complete detoxification of soil contaminated with various oil products. The manifestation of detoxifying properties of humic preparations in relation to oil-hydrocarbon pollution of soils during their bioremediation was revealed. The severity of these properties varies and depends on the type of oil-polluting product, its concentration, as well as on the properties of the preparations themselves.","PeriodicalId":190056,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125676518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}