Nephron最新文献

{"title":"Role of Mitophagy in Ischemia-Reperfusion Renal Injury: New Insights from Bioinformatics Analysis.","authors":"Huanjie Zhou, Qionghui Huang, Aoran Huang, Jingying Feng, Sihua Chen, Peixing Li, Lang-Jing Zhu","doi":"10.1159/000548962","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mitophagy is central to acute kidney injury (AKI) pathogenesis. Elucidating its molecular interplay with AKI is crucial for novel therapeutics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is based on transcriptome sequencing combined with single-cell sequencing and applies bioinformatics analysis. Finally, it is verified by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical specimen experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In transcriptome analysis, combining protein-protein interaction mapping with machine intelligence algorithms, we screened out two mitophagy-related differentially expressed genes (MitoDEGs), solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2) and thioredoxin (TXN). The immunological analysis revealed a notable rise in monocyte infiltration in the immune microenvironment of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-AKI. Spearman analysis indicated hub MitoDEGs were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory immune cell infiltration and negatively correlated with anti-inflammatory or regulatory immune cell infiltration. Based on the highest binding score, 506-26-3 CTD (gamma-linolenic acid) was determined to be the top promising therapeutic candidate. At the single-cell level, hub MitoDEGs were mainly expressed in proximal tubular. In cell experiments, mitophagy was inhibited after hypoxia-reoxygenation, SLC3A2 matched earlier results, while TXN was contrary to the previous analysis results. In the IRI-AKI rat experiments, the findings regarding hub MitoDEGs aligned with our prior analysis, revealing a decrease in the expression of genes associated with mitophagy. Consequently, we directed our attention to the expression levels of SLC3A2 in clinical cases of AKI, where we observed a notable increase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research indicates that SLC3A2 could be a crucial target for enhancing IRI-AKI through the modulation of the mitophagy pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"184-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145409560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decisional Regret in Adults Facing Treatment Choices for Kidney Failure: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ingrid Bispo, Mariana Bressan, Francisca Rego, Guilhermina Rêgo","doi":"10.1159/000549071","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Choosing the treatment for kidney failure, whether dialysis or conservative kidney management, is challenging. Many adults may experience regret about this decision, leading to poor quality of life. This review aimed to determine the proportion of patients who report decisional regret after making treatment choices for kidney failure, as well as to identify the factors that contribute to it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed through the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, and through websites. The search strategy included terms of three main categories: adults with kidney failure or estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, kidney failure treatment, and decisional regret.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies examining decisional regret in adults undergoing kidney replacement therapy, those in the pre-dialysis phase, or those receiving conservative kidney management were included. Initially, 1,712 articles were found by the reported research, and 22 of them were selected. The proportion of regret ranged from none to 62% and the factors most related to it were the lack of information, lack of patient autonomy, social and physical burden, and decisional conflict.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Decisional regret is a common experience among adults facing treatment choices for kidney failure, particularly when patient autonomy is compromised, or information is inadequate. Regret is also associated with decisional conflict, and with emotional, social and physical burden, impacting quality of life. Effective communication between healthcare professionals and patients plays a vital role in reducing decisional regret, leading to improved outcomes and greater patient satisfaction. Additionally, practical tools such decision aids can enhance shared decision-making and empower patients to make informed and autonomous choices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"257-278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145573578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated sTim-3 and PLA2R-Ab Levels Improve Risk Stratification in PLA2R-Positive Membranous Nephropathy.","authors":"Tianyu Zheng, Yuanyuan Du, Xuanli Tang, Xiang Shao, Lingli Chen, Shangbin Kao, Yuan Qin, Xiumei Zhou, Xueqin Zhao, Haiyan Gao, Biao Huang","doi":"10.1159/000550248","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The utility of M-type phospholipase A2 receptor antibody (PLA2R-Ab) for risk stratification in membranous nephropathy (MN) remains suboptimal, while soluble T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (sTim-3) has been confirmed as a critical immune regulator in kidney diseases. This study investigated the prognostic value of sTim-3 in PLA2R-associated MN (PMN) and the efficacy of its combination with PLA2R-Ab.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum PLA2R-Ab and sTim-3 levels were measured at baseline in 50 PMN patients using highly sensitive time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) method. Patients were stratified into complete remission, partial remission, and no remission (NR) groups according to 12-month treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prognostic cut-off discriminating NR from remission: sTim-3 = 17.63 ng/mL; PLA2R-Ab = 50 RU/mL (KDIGO high-risk threshold). The non-remission rate for patients with PLA2R-Ab <50 RU/mL was 23.58%, whereas the sTim-3 + PLA2R-Ab combination achieved 0%. Among 16 \"high-risk\" patients (PLA2R-Ab >50 RU/mL), sTim-3 demonstrated 93.75% accuracy in predicting outcomes. Remarkably, all 8 patients who achieved actual remission exhibited sTim-3 levels below 17.63 ng/mL. Double positivity (PLA2R-Ab >50 RU/mL and sTim-3 >17.63 ng/mL) identified a refractory subgroup with significantly poorer treatment response compared to other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>sTim-3 serves as a complementary biomarker to PLA2R-Ab. Combined detection optimizes PMN risk stratification: PLA2R-Ab >50 RU/mL and sTim-3 >17.63 ng/mL indicates an immune-activated state requiring intensive immunosuppression, preventing overtreatment in PLA2R-Ab-high patients with favorable immune status.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"291-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145912433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal Right Ventricular to Pulmonary Artery Coupling in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease and Normalization after Renal Transplantation: An Observational Study.","authors":"Rengin Çetin Güvenç, Tolga Sinan Güvenç, Ezgi Sude Karakaya, Hasan Açık, Aysu Korkmaz, Abdul Fattah Salem, Osman Şahin, Ferhat Ferhatoğlu, Alp Gürkan","doi":"10.1159/000549077","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are associated with an increase in mortality and worse prognosis in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the progression of RV dysfunction remain incompletely understood. The present study aimed to understand right ventricular to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) coupling, which is an early indicator of transition to RV dysfunction, to better characterize adaptive RV response to increased afterload in ESKD patients and changes in RV-PA coupling following renal transplantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred eleven patients with ESKD, including 49 patients scheduled for renal transplantation, underwent a detailed echocardiographic examination and measurement of tricuspid annular plane excursion to pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) ratio, and a repeat examination was performed 6 months after the baseline examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with ESKD had significantly lower TAPSE/PASP ratio at baseline (1.02 [0.71-1.63] vs. 1.29 [1.09-1.96], p < 0.001). In 40 patients that underwent transplantation, TAPSE/PASP ratio increased significantly from (0.97 [0.72-1.42] to 1.30 [1.01-1.82], p = 0.03), while in 27 patients remained on dialysis, there was a nonsignificant reduction in TAPSE/PASP ratio (1.21 [0.71-1.62] vs. 0.84 [0.61-1.38], p = 0.44). The change in TAPSE/PASP ratio correlated significantly with the change in pulmonary vascular resistance (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.51-0.72, p < 0.001) and left ventricular mass index (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99, p = 0.001) after adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with ESKD had abnormal RV-PA coupling, as indicated by a reduced TAPSE/PASP ratio, which normalizes 6 months after renal transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145409537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Anti-Nephrin Antibodies and Podocytopathies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ju'an Wang, Jinglei Chen, Zige Chen, Zhaochen Guo, Hao Bao","doi":"10.1159/000550052","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to explore the positive rate of anti-nephrin antibodies in various podocytopathies and their relationship with the clinical characteristics and outcomes of podocytopathies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical literature studies from the PubMed database and the Web of science database from the establishment of the databases to July 28, 2025, were retrieved online. The main exploration indicator is the positive rate of anti-nephrin antibody in podocytopathies. Other indicators include the diagnostic role of anti-nephrin antibodies and their relationship with the clinical features and outcomes of podocytopathies. Analysis was conducted using the R software package \"Meta\" and \"Mada.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A meta-analysis included a total of 1,567 patients from 15 studies. The positive rates of anti-nephrin antibodies in adult patients with primary podocytopathies, minimal change disease, primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) were 41%, 51%, 32%, and 39%, respectively. Anti-nephrin antibodies are almost undetectable in patients with secondary FSGS, membranous nephropathy and other glomerular diseases. In podocytopathies with nephrotic-range proteinuria or without the use of immunosuppressants, the positive rate increased. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of anti-nephrin antibody in differentiating steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS) from non-SSNS in children were 0.57, 0.83, 3.40, and 0.55, respectively. Patients positive for anti-nephrin antibody had higher urinary protein levels and lower serum albumin levels and were more prone to recurrence, but there were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, renal function, and remission rate. The heterogeneity of the positive rate results of anti-nephrin antibodies in the literature is very high (I2 >80%), and most subgroup analyses cannot explore the source of the heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anti-nephrin antibodies have a relatively high positive rate in podocytopathies and have a differentiating effect on SSNS and non-SSNS in children. Anti-nephrin antibodies are associated with the clinical severity and recurrence of podocytopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"312-330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare Kidney Disease Conference Proceedings: Palm Springs, December 2024.","authors":"Niloufar Ebrahimi, Amir Abdipour, Raad Chowdhury, Mehrbod Vakhshoori, Giv Heidari-Bateni, Pranav S Garimella, Silvi Shah, Sayna Norouzi","doi":"10.1159/000549596","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549596","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"412-424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146181213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruxolitinib-Associated Karyomegalic Interstitial Nephritis without FAN1 Mutation: Expanding the Etiology to Janus-Associated Kinase Inhibitors.","authors":"Sara Aldana, Eugenia García-Fernández, Karem Humala, Julián Nevado, Javier Azores-Moreno, Gema Fernández-Juárez, Amir Shabaka","doi":"10.1159/000552531","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Karyomegalic interstitial nephritis (KIN) is a rare entity characterized by enlarged, hyperchromatic, and pleomorphic tubular epithelial nuclei within the setting of chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. Although classically associated with hereditary mutations in the FAN1 gene, acquired forms have been described, generally linked to the use of cytotoxic or immunomodulatory agents that presumably act as a \"second hit.\" Case Presentation: We report the case of a 53-year-old male with a history of acute myeloid leukemia in complete remission after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, who developed acute kidney injury following prolonged treatment with ruxolitinib for graft-versus-host disease. Renal biopsy revealed characteristic features of KIN, while genetic testing was negative for FAN1 mutations. After ruxolitinib withdrawal, progressive improvement in renal function was observed. Conclusion: This represents the first reported case of KIN associated with JAK inhibitors. We propose that ruxolitinib may induce DNA repair defects in the absence of known genetic predisposition, highlighting the need to consider this entity in patients with unexplained chronic interstitial nephropathy under complex immunomodulatory therapies. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"621-626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13363106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147949064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Outcomes of Spousal Kidney Transplants with Living-Related Donors in DSA-Positive Recipients: Is the Risk Increased in Husband-to-Wife Donation?","authors":"Feride Ozkara, Guldehan Haberal, Haci Hasan Yeter, Tolga Yildirim, Yunus Erdem, Seref Rahmi Yilmaz","doi":"10.1159/000549594","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The number of spousal donor transplantation (SDT) has increased since the early 1990s. Although the SDT is performed successfully today, several concerns remain regarding compatibility. In particular, in husband-to-wife donations, donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) positivity may develop as a consequence of previous pregnancies, thereby posing a risk to graft survival. However, data on outcomes in recipients with a history of pregnancy and the development of DSA are limited. In this study, we aimed to compare the outcomes of transplantation between high-risk spouses and transplantation from living donors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted in our nephrology and transplantation department. It involved 59 spousal donors and 72 living-related donors with DSAs who were older than >18 years of age. We evaluated the consecutive patients who had kidney transplantation between 2010 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed data from 59 SDTs with 72 living-related donor transplants (LRDTs) with DSA positivity. Within the first year after transplantation, the acute rejection rate was highest in the husband-to-wife (H-to-W) group (p = 0.01). Compared with LRDT, H-to-W transplants were associated with an increased risk of acute rejection (OR [95% CI]: 4.231 [1.122-15.957], p = 0.03). Cox regression analysis demonstrated a higher risk of rejection in kidney transplants from H to W within the first year of kidney transplantation (HR: 3.734 [95% CI: 1.087-12.825], p = 0.03). There was no increase in creatinine doubling time between groups and no increase in risk of rejection in 5 years. During the follow-up period, graft loss was reported in 3 patients, comprising 2 in the LRDT group and 1 in the W-to-H group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SDT, particularly when DSA has developed, appears to be associated with a higher risk of rejection during the first year compared with LRDT with similar DSA. Nevertheless, similar graft survival suggests that H-to-W spousal transplants appear to be safe in the long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"156-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145605074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Five Prognostic Scoring Systems in Pauci-Immune Necrotizing and Crescentic Glomerulonephritis.","authors":"Saliha Yıldırım, Betül Öğüt, Emre Yaşar, Veysel Baran Tomar, Hatice Şahin, Ebru Gök Oğuz, İpek Işık Gönül, Mehmet Deniz Ayli, Galip Güz","doi":"10.1159/000550772","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis (PiNCGN) is a leading cause of rapidly progressive kidney failure. Several prognostic tools - Berden classification, Mayo Clinic Chronicity Score (MCCS), Percentage of ANCA Crescents Score (PACS), ANCA Renal Risk Score (ARRS), and the improved ANCA Kidney Risk Score (AKRiS) - have been developed to predict renal outcomes, but data on their performance in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-negative patients remain scarce. This study evaluated the prognostic value of these scoring systems in a PiNCGN cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 100 patients with biopsy-proven PiNCGN. Demographic, laboratory, and histopathological data were collected, and patients were categorized according to all five risk scores. Outcomes included all-cause mortality and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), defined as initiation of dialysis or kidney transplantation. The Kaplan-Meier survival and log-rank tests were applied to assess prognostic discrimination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 100 patients, 86 were ANCA-positive and 14 ANCA-negative. Median age was 58.5 years; 41% were male. Induction therapy consisted of glucocorticoids with cyclophosphamide or rituximab, followed by azathioprine, mycophenolate, or rituximab for maintenance. Over a median follow-up of 12 months, 52 patients died and 21 progressed to ESKD. In ANCA-positive patients, ARRS and AKRiS best predicted ESKD. In ANCA-negative patients, AKRiS additionally predicted both mortality and ESKD. Other scores demonstrated limited utility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ARRS and AKRiS provided the most consistent prognostic stratification in PiNCGN, with AKRiS uniquely retaining value in ANCA-negative patients. These findings highlight the potential clinical utility of composite scoring systems across the spectrum of PiNCGN, although prospective multicenter validation remains warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"364-372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146259050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Kidney Function Decline in the Healthy General Population.","authors":"Vetle Saastad, Ludvig Balteskard Rinde, Inger Therese Enoksen, Esteban Porrini, Bjørn Odvar Eriksen, Toralf Melsom","doi":"10.1159/000549078","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are considerable sex and gender differences in the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with CKD stage 3, defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60, being more prevalent in women. This raises questions about whether sex differences in age-related GFR decline contribute to this paradox. Only a few studies have investigated this issue, and most of these studies used estimated GFR (eGFR) based on creatinine (eGFRcrea) or cystatin C.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This article reviews studies examining age-related GFR decline in men and women from the general population. The conflicting findings on sex differences in GFR decline are likely influenced by variations in study populations, including differences in comorbidities, as well as the methods used to assess GFR. Further research is essential to accurately address trajectories of GFR decline in men and women.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Sex and gender differences in GFR levels and age-related GFR decline rates may influence the observed differences in CKD prevalence between men and women. Possible differences in age-related GFR decline between men and women may stem from a combination of biological factors, including sex hormones, different methods to assess GFR, and differences in the prevalence and impact of risk factors. Current eGFR equations may not accurately capture sex differences in measured GFR decline. Further research is needed to better understand these differences and their clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"167-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145549833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}