NephronPub Date : 2026-04-29DOI: 10.1159/000552233
Ritesh Patel, Mariam Ansar, Tirth Talati, Vipul Bhat, Matthew Stern, Pranav Patel, Sarah Kim, Nikhil Kota, Krystal Hunter, Jean Sebastien Rachoin
{"title":"Association of Preoperative Potassium Levels With 30-Day Mortality and Other Postoperative Outcomes in Non-Cardiac Surgery at a Tertiary Care Center: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Ritesh Patel, Mariam Ansar, Tirth Talati, Vipul Bhat, Matthew Stern, Pranav Patel, Sarah Kim, Nikhil Kota, Krystal Hunter, Jean Sebastien Rachoin","doi":"10.1159/000552233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000552233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Imbalances in serum potassium levels increase morbidity, but data on their impact on outcomes in non-cardiac surgery patients remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the association between preoperative potassium levels postoperative outcomes in non-cardiac surgery patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery at Cooper Hospital between 2010 and 2022. Clinical data were obtained from the NSQIP database, while preoperative potassium values were extracted from the electronic medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample consisted of 12,574 patients, comprising 39% males and 61% females. 73% were White, and 18% were Black. Elective procedures comprised 68.5% of cases. Preoperative Potassium level was ≤3.5 mEq/L in 784 (6.2% ) patients and > 5 mEq/L in 389 (3%). The hyperkalemic group was older on average and had a higher prevalence of ASA class 3 or higher. Hypokalemia was significantly associated with increased rates of postoperative mechanical ventilation (>48 hours), deep vein thrombosis, sepsis, prolonged hospital stay, 30-day readmissions, and unplanned return to the operating room. Hyperkalemia was associated to higher incidences of cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, 30-day mortality, and readmissions. After Multivariable regression, Hypokalemia remained significantly associated with prolonged Hospital length of stay and postoperative Sepsis, and hyperkalemia with mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preoperative potassium abnormalities assessed within 48 hours of non cardiac surgery identify patients at higher postoperative risk. Hypokalemia was associated with increased ventilator use, sepsis and prolonged hospital stay while hyperkalemia was associated with mortality and 30-day readmission. These results support incorporating potassium status into routine perioperative evaluation while avoiding assumptions about causality. Preoperative electrolyte optimization may improve surgical outcomes and should be prioritized.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NephronPub Date : 2026-04-28DOI: 10.1159/000552131
Jordan L Rosenstock, Douglas R Farrell, Steven G Coca, Salman Millwala, Sahar Mahani, Miriam Chung, Jamie Hirsch, Lili Chan, Pooja A Gownivaripally, Gregg Husk, Maria V DeVita, Tonia Kim
{"title":"Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Kidney Injury After the New York City Marathon.","authors":"Jordan L Rosenstock, Douglas R Farrell, Steven G Coca, Salman Millwala, Sahar Mahani, Miriam Chung, Jamie Hirsch, Lili Chan, Pooja A Gownivaripally, Gregg Husk, Maria V DeVita, Tonia Kim","doi":"10.1159/000552131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000552131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 2022 NYC Marathon was the hottest in its record. At several hospitals near the race's finish, a larger volume of heat stress-related kidney injury was observed. We sought to examine the incidence of post-marathon rhabdomyolysis observed with respect to race day temperature and humidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All charts of patients who had a creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level > 5000 U/L on the date of marathon and subsequent 4 days for the years 2017-2023 at four NYC hospitals were reviewed. Patients were included for analysis if marathon participation was indicated in the chart and no other causes of rhabdomyolysis were evident. Race day heat was measured as heat index to capture effects of both temperature and humidity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2022, there were 24 runners with post-marathon rhabdomyolysis, compared to 15 total patients for the other 5 marathons combined. Cases of post-marathon rhabdomyolysis strongly correlated to race day heat index. In addition to record heat, the 2022 NYC Marathon had the largest change in heat as compared to the previous 14-day average. The 2022 cohort skewed male (20 male: 4 female), was on average 32.2 years of age, and presented within 2 days of the marathon. The average peak CPK was 21,426 IU/L (range 5177 to 88,430 IU/L). All patients received intravenous fluids. Only one patient had a further rise in creatinine, reaching a peak of 8.69 mg/dl (from 5.81 on arrival) before starting hemodialysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 2022 NYC Marathon was hottest on record, and was found to have the highest incidence of post-marathon rhabdomyolysis. Cases of rhabdomyolysis correlated with race day heat-index. Additionally, 2022 had the largest change in race day temperature which may present an additional risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NephronPub Date : 2026-04-28DOI: 10.1159/000552049
Dor Fisher, Orly Haskin, Daniel Landau, Yael Borovitz, Choni Rinat, Hadas Alfandary
{"title":"Thrombotic microangiopathy in childhood steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome - case series.","authors":"Dor Fisher, Orly Haskin, Daniel Landau, Yael Borovitz, Choni Rinat, Hadas Alfandary","doi":"10.1159/000552049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000552049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) with associated nephrotic syndrome is a unique and rare condition that is infrequently described in pediatrics.</p><p><strong>Case presentations: </strong>Four children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), immune-mediated and of monogenic origin, presented with TMA during late stages of chronic kidney disease. All patients tested negative for shigatoxin and had normal A Disintegrin-like and Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin type 1 repeats 13 (ADAMTS13) activity. Genetic and functional studies of complement dysregulation were negative. Three of the four patients treated with Eculizumab showed good hematologic response but no kidney function recovery. None of the three children who underwent kidney transplantation had recurrent TMA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TMA may develop in patients with SRNS, manifesting as an unexplained worsening of kidney function, new-onset hypertension, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Eculizumab was effective in improving hemolytic markers without kidney function recovery. TMA did not recur after kidney transplantation in this entity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits with severe acute kidney injury successfully managed by clone-directed therapy: a case report.","authors":"Shohei Maekawa, Shinya Yamamoto, Tatsuaki Kosaka, Hisashi Kamido, Yasuyuki Arai, Yayoi Ogawa, Naoka Murakami, Yuki Teramoto, Motoko Yanagita","doi":"10.1159/000552029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000552029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID) is a form of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance, characterized by kidney injury caused by monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition in the glomeruli. While detectable clones are only found in 20-30% of PGNMID, plasma cell- or B-cell targeting therapies suggested to be effective. Recent case reports suggested immune dysregulation, such as viral infections or vaccinations, could potentially trigger onset or relapse of PGNMID. Here, we report a case of PGNMID without detectable clones, which relapsed after viral enteritis, presenting with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) and nephrotic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 60-year-old man, originally diagnosed with IgG3 lambda type PGNMID with nephrotic syndrome (urine protein/ creatinine ratio (UPCR) of 5.3 g/gCr), was treated with non-clone-directed therapeutic regimens, including glucocorticoids. He initially achieved partial response with UPCR of 1 to 3 g/gCr, and negative microhematuria. Approximately 2 years later, the patient presented with severe AKI (Cr 11.0 mg/dL) requiring dialysis, and nephrotic syndrome (UPCR 5.5 g/gCr, and serum albumin 2.4 g/dL) after he had viral enteritis. Second kidney biopsy confirmed similar pattern of injury consistent with PGNMID with IgG3 lambda deposition, severer endocapillary inflammation, mesangial expansion and remarkable narrowing of the glomerular capillary lumina. As it was refractory to glucocorticoid pulse therapy, clone-directed therapies with daratumumab and bortezomib were initiated. This intervention resulted in the cessation of dialysis and an improvement in urinary parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinicians should recognize that severe AKI may develop during the course of PGNMID, potentially triggered by infections. Furthermore, this case highlights the efficacy of clone-directed therapy with daratumumab and bortezomib in treating recurrent PGNMID without detectable clones.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NephronPub Date : 2026-04-02DOI: 10.1159/000551516
Cui Yu, Chaoqun Xiong, Kang Xie, Zuyao Chen, Enqi Liu, Lizhuo Wang, Jialin Gao
{"title":"Molecular Insights into the Immunogenetic Pathways of Diabetic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Cui Yu, Chaoqun Xiong, Kang Xie, Zuyao Chen, Enqi Liu, Lizhuo Wang, Jialin Gao","doi":"10.1159/000551516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000551516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a major microvascular complication of diabetes, is increasingly recognized as a chronic inflammatory disorder driven by immune dysregulation.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review examines key immunogenetic pathways in DKD, focusing on genetic variants affecting innate and adaptive immunity. We explore how polymorphisms in genes regulating immune cell function, cytokine production, and inflammatory signaling contribute to renal damage. Recent evidence demonstrates that these immunogenetic factors significantly influence DKD development and progression.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The pathogenesis of DKD is profoundly influenced by an individual's genetic predisposition to immune dysregulation. Numerous genetic variants can exacerbate inflammatory responses, promoting disease development. A deeper understanding of these immunogenetic pathways not only clarifies the pathophysiology of DKD but also opens avenues for novel biomarker discovery and the development of targeted, personalized immunomodulatory therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NephronPub Date : 2026-04-02DOI: 10.1159/000550757
Tefik Islami, Marilena Gregorini, Maria Antonietta Grignano, Nicoletta Serpieri, Vincenzo Sepe, Eleonora Francesca Pattonieri, Elisabetta Margiotta, Grazia Soccio, Valentina Portalupi, Emma Diletta Stea, Elia Reseghetti, Sara Moscardino, Andreana De Mauri, Francesca Castoldi, Paolo Delvino, Gioacchino D Apos Ambrosio, Palma Minutillo, Laura Verga, Lorenzo Cavagna, Teresa Rampino
{"title":"Beyond Oral Anticoagulants Two Case Reports of Biopsy-Proven Heparin-Induced Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy.","authors":"Tefik Islami, Marilena Gregorini, Maria Antonietta Grignano, Nicoletta Serpieri, Vincenzo Sepe, Eleonora Francesca Pattonieri, Elisabetta Margiotta, Grazia Soccio, Valentina Portalupi, Emma Diletta Stea, Elia Reseghetti, Sara Moscardino, Andreana De Mauri, Francesca Castoldi, Paolo Delvino, Gioacchino D Apos Ambrosio, Palma Minutillo, Laura Verga, Lorenzo Cavagna, Teresa Rampino","doi":"10.1159/000550757","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) is an emerging and often unrecognized form of acute kidney injury. Histologically characterized by glomerular hemorrhage and intratubular erythrocyte casts, ARN is a serious complication associated with increased morbidity and progression to chronic kidney disease. Although it has been described in association with oral anticoagulants, the literature regarding ARN induced by non-oral agents, such as low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH), remains extremely scarce. This report aims to fill this gap, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis in complex clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Case presentations: </strong>We present two cases of biopsy-proven ARN induced by LMWH in patients with concomitant active renal disease. The first case is a 53-year-old man with ANCA-associated vasculitis who, after starting enoxaparin for deep vein thrombosis, experienced worsening renal function despite improvement in his pulmonary and serological vasculitis markers. A second renal biopsy was crucial to diagnose the superimposed ARN, leading to a change in therapy and renal recovery. The second case is a 73-year-old man with chronic kidney disease who developed an acute kidney injury initially attributed to post-infectious glomerulonephritis. The initiation of prophylactic LMWH was followed by further, severe deterioration of renal function requiring dialysis. In this case as well, a second biopsy revealed the presence of superimposed ARN. The discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy led to the resolution of hematuria and the cessation of dialysis. In both cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by positive Perl's staining and immunohistochemical findings of tubular damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These cases demonstrate that ARN is not an exclusive complication of oral anticoagulants but can also be induced by LMWH. ARN can mask or overlap with other renal pathologies, making diagnosis difficult. Renal biopsy, sometimes repeated, remains the gold standard for an accurate differential diagnosis. This makes it possible to avoid inappropriate therapy escalation and to guide correct clinical management. Greater awareness of this clinical entity is necessary in all anticoagulated patients who develop acute kidney injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NephronPub Date : 2026-03-30DOI: 10.1159/000551788
Yetunde Ugwem-Ikuru, Vivean Laurent-Ordu, Pedro Emem-Chioma, Ibi Erekosima, David Lewis, Dimitrios Poulikakos
{"title":"A study using point of care creatinine testing in a Nigerian primary health care centre: Malaria as the leading cause of Acute Kidney Injury particularly in children.","authors":"Yetunde Ugwem-Ikuru, Vivean Laurent-Ordu, Pedro Emem-Chioma, Ibi Erekosima, David Lewis, Dimitrios Poulikakos","doi":"10.1159/000551788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000551788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute kidney injury (AKI) worsens outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), largely due to delayed diagnosis and limited access to renal replacement therapy. Its true epidemiology remains unclear, partly due to delayed biochemical testing. In a prior phase of our work, we evaluated point-of-care creatinine (POC Cr) technology and its use implementing a clinical algorithm to select patients at risk of AKI in a Nigerian hospital emergency department. In this study POC Cr was used in a large primary care health centre in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted at Ozuoba Model Comprehensive Primary Health Care Centre in Nigeria, where renal function tests are rarely available and external lab results typically take over 48 hours. POC Cr testing was introduced for high-risk adults using the clinical algorithm developed in the previous phase of this programme, and for children with suspected severe illness based on clinical judgement or reduced urine output. Adjusted POC Cr values were calculated (POC Cr - 27.2 µmol/L), and AKI was staged using KDIGO criteria, with baseline creatinine defined as 100 µmol/L for adults and age-specific norms for children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 424 patients were tested using POC Cr, comprising 301 adults and 123 children. Malaria was the most frequent diagnosis, accounting for 293 cases (61.1%). The median adjusted POC Cr across the entire cohort was 72.8 µmol/L (IQR: 36). Among adult patients, AKI was diagnosed in 2 out of the 301 individuals (0.6%),one stage 1 and one stage 2, both of whom had malaria. In the paediatric group, median age was 5 years (IQR: 7), with females comprising 65% of the cohort. Malaria was diagnosed in 69.9% of the children. AKI was identified in 70 out of 123 children (56.9%), with AKI stage 1 in 25 (20.3%), stage 2 in 26 (21.2%), and stage 3 in 19 children (15.4%). Among the 70 paediatric AKI cases, 49 (70%) had malaria. The highest prevalence of AKI was seen in children under 5 years of age, with the incidence declining steadily and reaching zero beyond age 12.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found that more than half of paediatric patients diagnosed with malaria at a primary health care level had AKI, highlighting AKI as a common complication of malaria in young children. These findings emphasise the need for further research to support informed potential updates to WHO malaria treatment guidelines to incorporate the KDIGO definition of AKI, particularly in the context of paediatric care in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NephronPub Date : 2026-03-17DOI: 10.1159/000551510
Thomas J Wilkinson, Greg Biddle, Emily James
{"title":"The role of combining exercise with pharmacologic management of CKD: From SGLT2 and GLP-1 to broader therapeutic strategies.","authors":"Thomas J Wilkinson, Greg Biddle, Emily James","doi":"10.1159/000551510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000551510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the exceptional evolution of pharmacological approaches to chronic kidney disease (CKD) management and their potential interactions with lifestyle, in this review, we describe the intersection of exercise and pharmacotherapy, and the possible role of exercise training as an adjunct management option to optimise glucose-lowering therapies (GLTs) in people living with diabetes and CKD. Exercise remains a cornerstone intervention for individuals living with CKD and diabetes, providing well-established benefits for cardiovascular health, metabolic regulation, and preservation of physical function. While GLTs, including sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), offer significant promise, these pharmacologic advances must be contextualised within a broader lifestyle framework to achieve optimal outcomes. Exercise and GLTs share complementary mechanisms, such as improvements in insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and body composition. Yet, the synergistic potential of combining these interventions warrants further investigation through high-quality trials and mechanistic studies. Current evidence is encouraging but insufficient to confidently guide clinical practice. Future research should prioritise strategies that integrate pharmacotherapy with structured exercise programs, while accounting for patient-specific factors such as comorbidities, frailty, and functional limitations. Implementation science will be critical to translate these findings into routine care, leveraging multidisciplinary teams, digital health tools, and behavioural support. Ultimately, success will depend on integrative, person-centred care models that align pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions to enhance quality of life, reduce disease burden, and improve long-term outcomes for people with CKD and diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NephronPub Date : 2026-03-11DOI: 10.1159/000551515
Gerard Gurumurthy, Robyn Haysom, Mikias Lemma, Nadir Aziz, John Hartemink, Yasmin Begum, Jecko Thachil, Kathrine Parker
{"title":"A Service Evaluation of Anti-Xa Measurements in Patients with Kidney Impairment in A Tertiary Centre.","authors":"Gerard Gurumurthy, Robyn Haysom, Mikias Lemma, Nadir Aziz, John Hartemink, Yasmin Begum, Jecko Thachil, Kathrine Parker","doi":"10.1159/000551515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000551515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pre-emptive dose reduction of low-molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) is often utilised in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to prevent bioaccumulation. We report on the association of a pre-emptive dose reduction on anti-Xa range and its correlation with clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook a retrospective service evaluation of patients with CKD (eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73m2) receiving therapeutic dose dalteparin. The primary exposure was dalteparin anti-Xa trough and peak. Primary outcomes were ISTH-defined clinically relevant bleeding, thrombosis and all-cause mortality within 90 days of LMWH initiation. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was employed to assess the relationship between anti-Xa levels and the incidence of bleeding and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 103 patients were identified over a two year period. Seventy-eight (75.7%) had anti-Xa monitoring done. Trough anti-Xa distribution was within target in 58 (75.6%). Patients on dialysis had a higher incidence of bleeding (19 vs 12, p < 0.05). Patients with bleeding had significantly higher median anti-Xa trough (0.26 vs 0.13 U/mL, p < 0.01). The median time to bioaccumulation was 19 days. In multivariate Cox models, only anti-Xa trough remained an independent association with bleeding (HR: 1.47 per 0.1 U/mL, 95 % CI: 1.05-2.15; p < 0.05). No associations with mortality were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this report, trough anti-Xa measurement of dalteparin is independently associated with bleeding in patients with CKD. Further prospective, larger studies are warranted to validate these results before it can be universally recommended in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NephronPub Date : 2026-03-10DOI: 10.1159/000551374
Javier A Neyra, Monica Vasiliu
{"title":"Proceedings of the 15th Annual UAB-UCSD O'Brien Center Symposium: Changing Paradigms in Acute Kidney Injury: From Mechanisms to Management.","authors":"Javier A Neyra, Monica Vasiliu","doi":"10.1159/000551374","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551374","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18998,"journal":{"name":"Nephron","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13105412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}