{"title":"Cryogenics and its applications","authors":"K. Kellner, R. Scurlock","doi":"10.1088/0034-6683/2/1/I01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-6683/2/1/I01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":189909,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Physics in Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125886299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Holography, industry and the rebirth of optics","authors":"J. Gates","doi":"10.1088/0034-6683/2/3/I02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-6683/2/3/I02","url":null,"abstract":"Presents a view of holography in fields touching on lasers, coherent light and optical metrology. In trying to convey how useful holography is likely to be in practice at the present time, examples are chosen which are, as far as possible, of proved worth, and most of these are concerned with mechanical testing. It is becoming evident, however, that holography is an art which permeates increasingly into all branches of optics, and has something to offer in every case. The hope and expectation for the future is therefore in the eventual emergence of much more powerful optical techniques in the production control, and detection of radiation carrying information which may well have far-reaching and beneficial effects on our whole way of life","PeriodicalId":189909,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Physics in Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124853428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The hardness of solids","authors":"D. Tabor","doi":"10.1088/0034-6683/1/3/I01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-6683/1/3/I01","url":null,"abstract":"This review is concerned with the basic physical meaning of hardness. It is shown that indentation hardness of ductile materials is essentially a measure of their plastic properties. With brittle solids the high hydrostatic pressures around the deformed region are often sufficient to inhibit brittle fracture. Under these conditions both indentation and scratch hardness are essentially a measure of the plastic rather than the brittle properties of the solid. This provides a simple physical basis for the Mohs scratch hardness scale","PeriodicalId":189909,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Physics in Technology","volume":"69 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113959343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of the merits of direct and indirect gap semiconductors for electroluminescence devices","authors":"R. W. Brander","doi":"10.1088/0034-6683/3/3/I01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-6683/3/3/I01","url":null,"abstract":"Reviews the current understanding of the physics of electroluminescence and the state of the art in the technology of electroluminescent device fabrication, using as the main comparison the differences in energy band structure which give rise to direct and indirect gap materials","PeriodicalId":189909,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Physics in Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126136076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ESRO and its programme","authors":"H. Bondi, J. Ortner","doi":"10.1088/0034-6683/1/1/301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-6683/1/1/301","url":null,"abstract":"The aims, structure and achievements of the European Space Research Organisation are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":189909,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Physics in Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127077302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of lighting technology","authors":"H. M. Ferguson, M. Richards","doi":"10.1088/0034-6683/3/2/I02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-6683/3/2/I02","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals first with the concepts, terminology and units of lighting and continues with a brief description of the eye and some of its more important characteristics. Lighting problems and techniques connected with interior, street and floodlighting are then considered, always bearing in mind that it is the human eye and not the photometer which is the arbiter of sufficiency and quality. Finally, lighting aids in the specialized field of aviation are discussed including some of the sophisticated visual indicators used to assist the landing of aircraft ashore and afloat","PeriodicalId":189909,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Physics in Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127638391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Induction plasma torches","authors":"G. Jordan","doi":"10.1088/0034-6683/2/3/I01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-6683/2/3/I01","url":null,"abstract":"The design principles and construction are first presented and the important problem of plasma stability and the methods of maintaining stability, over a range of conditions and in different gases, are then considered. The power supplies and the various methods that have been used to initiate the torches are described. The various measurements that have been made of the gas heating efficiency are summarized showing that with the latest torches up to 70% of the input power can be coupled to the plasma even in the highest power units ( approximately 1 MW) developed. The measurements of the temperature distributions that have been reported are also presented showing that off-axis peak temperatures occur as a result of rf heating being confined to a certain skin depth. The theoretical attempts that have been made to describe the plasma behaviour are presented. The numerous applications of induction plasma torches are described under four headings: use a spectroscopic source the spheroidation of refractory materials, the growth of crystals and the production of chemicals","PeriodicalId":189909,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Physics in Technology","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125413172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Superconducting electrical machines","authors":"B. Mulhall","doi":"10.1088/0034-6683/3/2/I01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-6683/3/2/I01","url":null,"abstract":"The properties of modern superconducting materials and their application in windings producing intense magnetic fields are outlined. The use of superconductors in electrical machines is discussed generally and developments reviewed. The two principal lines of development, d.c. homopolar and a.c. heteropolar machines with superconducting field windings are described in detail","PeriodicalId":189909,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Physics in Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126093213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wear and its industrial implications","authors":"M. Wilson","doi":"10.1088/0034-6683/3/3/403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-6683/3/3/403","url":null,"abstract":"Report on Wear and its industrial implications, 3 October 1972 at Imperial College, London.","PeriodicalId":189909,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Physics in Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133364168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal oscillations and their effect on solidification processes","authors":"E. Jakeman, D. Hurle","doi":"10.1088/0034-6683/3/1/I01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-6683/3/1/I01","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental observations of temperature oscillations in liquids and gases undergoing free convection are reviewed. The theoretical methods used to study problems of this type are indicated, and the extent to which current theory can account for the observations is discussed. Evidence for the occurrence of convective temperature oscillations in crystal growth melts is presented and it is shown that they produce an inhomogeneous distribution of solute in the crystal commonly referred to as 'impurity striations'. Methods of eliminating this inhomogeneity are discussed","PeriodicalId":189909,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Physics in Technology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122867613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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