Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Anti-proliferative and Apoptosis Inducing Effects of Gallic Acid on Human Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Cell Lines (HL-60)","authors":"Dalyana Raisa Mohd Roba’ei, Wan Nurfarahin Wan Osman, Hudaa Zulfa Mohd Zainudin, Muhammad Yusran Abdul Aziz, Syed Ahmad Tajudin Tuan Johari","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.572","url":null,"abstract":"Gallic acid (GA) comes from benzoic acid or, more specifically, 3,4,5-tryhydroxybenzoic, which derives from the phenolic acid of the non-flavonoid part of the polyphenol compound. It is found ubiquitously in various plants and fruits, such as grapes, gallnuts, pomegranates, and tea leaves [1]. Many scientific journals and articles reported on the pharmacological properties of the photochemical like GA, which has antioxidant properties, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, and neuroprotective activity [2]. Moreover, the anticancer properties of GA have been recognised in several cancers, such as lung cancers, oesophageal cancer cells and leukaemia [3]. \u0000  \u0000The objective of this study is to examine the anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing effects of GA on HL-60 cell lines. Six concentrations of GA were made using the stock solution of GA compound dissolved in dimethyl sulfide (DMSO). HL-60 cells were treated with concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 µg/mL and was incubated at three incubation period which were 24, 48, and 72 hours. The quantitative measure was determined with cytotoxicity assay of 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and was read by microplate reader at 570 nm. For qualitative measure was through staining with acridine orang (AO) and propidium iodide (PI) and observed the morphological changes of the treated cells. \u0000  \u0000Results from the MTT assays show that GA has cytotoxicity effect on HL-60 cells especially for 72 hours incubation period. The maximal half inhibitory concentrations (IC50) value of GA decreases as incubation period increases. The IC50 of GA were 9.03, 6.76, and 3.65 µg/ml for 24-, 48-, and 72-hours incubation, respectively. The IC50 value of GA (p<0.05) was significantly different for different incubation periods. The morphological changes were seen through the AO/PI staining with the appearance of the cell blebbing, early apoptosis, and late apoptosis. \u0000  \u0000Figure 1 shows early apoptosis (EA), late apoptosis (LA), cell blebbing (CB), membrane loose (MB), nuclear fragmentation (NF), and apoptotic bodies (AB). \u0000  \u0000These findings show that GA has potential as anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing effects on HL-60 cells line. More research is needed to determine the pathways of apoptosis in HL-60 treated with GA.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133043961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associated Factors with Self-Perceived Burden Level among Cancer Patients in Hebei China, 2022","authors":"Bingyang Liu, Khuan Lee, Chao Sun, P. Lim","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.548","url":null,"abstract":"The number of cancer cases and deaths of cancer are increasing year by year [1]. The high cost of cancer treatment and the guilt of patients relying on caregivers for long-term care leads to a high self-perceived burden (SPB) among cancer patients affecting their quality of life, treatment and even cause suicidal ideation [2]. The objective of this study is to determine the level of self-perceived burden (SPB) and its associated factors among cancer patients in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China. A sample size of 977 cancer patients was recruited using simple random sampling in this cross-sectional study. Self-administered modified questionnaire was used. Independent t test and ANOVA test were used for investigating the association of each factor with SPB. A total of 566 respondents participated in the study, with a response rate of 58.4%. The mean ± SD of SPB total score was 67.75 ± 15.69. The SPB was divided into four dimensions, where the mean economic/family burden dimension was 24.10 ± 6.44, psychological/emotional burden was 18.31 ± 4.92, care burden was 13.33 ± 3.43 and treatment burden was 11.99 ± 3.47. There was significant association between residence, number of children, educational level, caregiver, parents as caregiver, and age of primary caregiver with SPB. \u0000In conclusion, the SPB score was high and thus, it is recommended that medical staff to pay attention to cancer patients with high SPB and give effective interventions to improve the quality of life and reduce the suicide rate of cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"44 31","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133782923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Nutrient Intake, Oral Symptoms, and Oral Health Related Quality of Life of Antenatal Mothers in Sri Aman District, Sarawak","authors":"Ing Teck Tiong, Hui Ling Tham, R. Hasan, N. Saddki","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.543","url":null,"abstract":"The physiological and hormonal alternations during pregnancy cause antenatal mothers to experience multiple oral symptoms because of oral diseases, namely dental caries, and periodontal disease [1]. The changes in dietary intake cause them to be more vulnerable to nutritional deficiencies and further oral health problems. The objectives of this study were to assess the nutrient intake, oral symptoms, and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) among antenatal mothers in the Sri Aman district of Sarawak. The association between nutrient intake and oral symptoms and the association between oral symptoms and OHRQoL were also determined. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 124 antenatal mothers in the second and third trimesters attending the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Clinic, Klinik Kesihatan Sri Aman, Sarawak. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the following variables: the socioeconomic and obstetric profile, perceived oral health status, and OHRQoL. OHRQoL was assessed using short version of the Malaysian Oral Health impact Profile (S-OHIP(M)) instrument with the original author’s permission. A 24-hour diet recall assessment was used for nutrient intake assessment for three non-consecutive days involving 2 weekdays and 1 weekend. The first 24-hour diet assessment was conducted through face-to-face interview, while the second and third 24-hour diet assessments were conducted using phone interviews. Nutrient intake was further analyzed using Nutritionist Pro™. All the data obtained were further analyzed using IBM SPSS for Windows version 26. Results showed that most antenatal mothers (71.0%) were in the second trimester. More than half (75.0%) of them had at least one oral symptom: cavitated tooth (51.6%), bleeding gum (32.3%), bad breath (27.4%), gum pain (13.7%), toothache (12.1%), swollen gum (6.5%). About half of them (52.5%) were satisfied with their oral health status. The intake of energy, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, zinc, fluoride, and iron for most antenatal mothers was below the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) values. The most reported oral impact was feeling discomfort due to food stuck (11.3%), feeling shy (10.5%), bad breath (5.6%), and avoiding smiling (5.6%). The most affected OHRQoL domain was psychological discomfort (mean 1.95, SD 1.89), followed by functional limitation (mean 1.29, SD 1.48) and physical pain (mean 1.19, SD 1.29). The intake of the 13 selected nutrients was found not to be significantly different between antenatal mothers with at least one oral symptom and without oral symptoms. Antenatal mothers with at least one oral symptom had significantly lower OHRQoL compared to those with no oral symptom. The presence of toothache, cavitated tooth, bleeding gum, and halitosis had significantly lower OHRQoL as compared to those without the symptoms. \u0000In conclusion, most antenatal mothers do not have adequate nutrient intake. Dental caries and periodontal disease were prevalent","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115095355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral Activity of Syzygium polyanthum Extract against Herpes Simplex Virus-Type 1 (HSV-1)","authors":"Nur Sahira Mohd Jaafar, Noor Zarina Abd Wahab","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.577","url":null,"abstract":"Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is part of the alpha subfamily of human herpesviruses. Several antiviral medications can be prescribed for treating HSV-1 which is usually first line antiviral agents such as acyclovir (ACV). But there are several cases that have been reported on ACV resistance to HSV, thus, researchers tend to develop the antiviral agent from plants extract. Syzygium polyanthum is one of the plants that has been traditionally used as a drug which is rich in bioactive compounds, including essential oils, terpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids [1]. These phytochemical compounds, which have strong antioxidant action, can aid in the inhibition of viral genome replication which disables the viral lipid envelope [2]. \u0000  \u0000The objective of this study is to determine the cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and antiviral activity of S. polyanthum methanolic extract. Cytotoxicity was performed using the method described by [3]. The absorbance readings were analysed using microplate reader (Infinite M200 Pro). The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) was defined as the sample concentration that able to reduce 50% of cell viability compared to the untreated cells. Antiviral activity was performed by using plaque reduction assay with three different treatments [3] which are post- treatment, pre-treatment and virucidal assay. \u0000  \u0000Based on Figure 1, cytotoxicity screening against Vero cells using MTT assay showed that the CC50 values for extract was 0.135 mg/mL which considered not in the range of cytotoxic compounds. Any CC50 or IC50 of a substance less than 4 µg/mL was considered an active cytotoxic effect [4]. \u0000Based on Figure 2, post treatment assay showed the most anti-HSV-1 activity of S. polyanthum extract which the EC50 and SI value were 0.015mg/mL and 9.03, respectively. The extract showed to be slightly effective in reducing HSV-1 replication after 2-hour incubation which might be due to the inhibition in the early phase of the attachment. For pre-treatment, EC50 and SI values were 0.019 mg/mL and 7.12, which the extract showed to be moderately effective in inhibiting the attachment of HSV-1 before the replication can occur. This might occur as Vero cells bind to the extract that could interfere with the cell membrane's glycoprotein receptors which prevented HSV-1 from attaching to the cell surface [5]. The EC50 and SI value for virucidal assay was 0.018 mg/mL and 7.28 as the result showed moderately effective inhibited the viral replication. S. polyanthum has been shown to directly inactivate HSV-1 virions within 30 minutes of exposure in this study. An SI value greater than 10 (SI>10) indicates that any antimicrobial compound has the potency to become an antiviral treatment agent [6]. \u0000In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that S. polyanthum extract seems to have moderate antiviral  effects and non-toxic to Vero cells.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129942259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wound Healing in Rats Intraperitoneally Treated with Sea Cucumber Stichopus vastus (Glycosaminoglycans)","authors":"Mohamad Helmi Nur-Farihin, A. A. Mat Zin, Ahmad Aizat Abdul Aziz, Mohd Nizam Md hashim, Farid Che Ghazali, I. S. Mohamad","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.575","url":null,"abstract":"Marine creature such as sea cucumbers are rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). It is famous and has long been utilised as traditional remedies and commonly used in wound healing therapy. This study is designed to explore the effect of GAGs in sea cucumber especially GAGs from integument wall of Stichopus vastus for wound healing study by intra-peritoneally injected to rats daily. \u0000  \u0000Complete randomised design was used in this study where a total of twenty male Sprague-dawley rats were divided to 4 groups; 3 treatment groups of GAGs (2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg) and one control group of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) with sample size of n=6 rats per group. Rats weight from 250 to 400 grams were treated with GAGs daily for 12 days. An excisional wound was created using biopsy punch with diameter of 6 mm. Treatment with GAGs of S. vastus by intra-peritoneally injected daily and the excisional part was left opened without topically applied with antiseptic to prevent bias for 12th days’ period of wound evaluation. \u0000  \u0000Result of this study was obtained by measuring the wound diameter (mm) using ruler or measuring caliper (Figure 1) and recorded on day 1, day 6 and day 12 followed by calculation of wound contraction percentage. The wound contraction percentage evaluation from this study found out that GAGs compound from S. vastus shows no significant difference between all treatment groups and control groups for day 1, day 6 and day 12. However, on day 6 of treatment, 2 mg/kg treatment group shows higher wound contraction percentage compared to other groups. The study found that 2 mg/kg of GAGs extraction can speed up the wound contraction in which can enhance and promote wound closure. \u0000The wound contraction is one of the reliable parameters and commonly used to evaluate wound healing process in which the contraction of wound later leads to wound closure; healed [1]. Wound contraction can be defined as a process of shrinkage of open wound in which normal skin moves centrally to the wound site and at the end give small scar [2]. From previous study, the GAGs from fish showed an accelerating wound healing as the GAGs had been discovered to have good potential in antimicrobial activity. The abilities to fight against microbial mainly S. aureaus extend the anti-inflammatory phase in an instance speed up the wound contraction in early wound healing process [3]. Besides, Pereira et al. (2019) [4] found that, Calendula officinalis (marigold); containing anti-inflammatory effect [5], was topical applied on rats’ skin enhancing wound healing in acute wound as it increased the speed of epithelialisation, wound contraction, collagen formation and new vessel formation. Thus, it can be hypothesised that GAGs from S. vastus extract give strong anti-inflammatory effect on wound healing and has potential in enhancing wound healing by speeding up wound healing.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121519552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Lactobacillus Species on Nosocomial Pathogens’ Biofilm","authors":"Fatin Faqihah Zainal, Nur Syafiqah Syamimi Suhaimi Suzey, Norzawani Jaffar, Chew Ching Hoong","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.578","url":null,"abstract":"The word probiotic comes from the Latin meaning \"for life”. Lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid are produced by bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Such compounds lower the pH and prevent pathogenic bacteria from multiplying [1]. When the adhesion force between the attachment surfaces is stable, the bacteria cell communication system, called the quorum sensing (QS) system, is triggered. Bacteria use these signaling molecules to regulate virulence factors, secondary metabolite synthesis, biofilm formation, and communication with the host and other microbes depending on population density [2]. The aim of this study is to observe the potential use of probiotics against nosocomial pathogens' biofilms (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis). \u0000  \u0000The objective of the study is to identify the interactions between probiotics Lactobacillus and nosocomial pathogens, to observe the ability of Lactobacillus spp. to degrade the mature biofilm of nosocomial pathogens and to assess the influence of pH on the biofilm degradation activity of Lactobacillus spp. by using agar-well diffusion method and biofilm degradation assay [3]. \u0000  \u0000All pathogens had no zone of inhibition on MHA for pH-adjusted LAB-CFS. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) can be seen in Table 1. No ZOI was observed for LAB-CFS against E. faecalis ATCC 29212. All zones made by the unadjusted pH of LAB-CFS on the tested pathogens showed high ZOI were more than 10 mm in diameter which indicate that the LAB-CFS have substances that produce an antibacterial effect [4]. No antibacterial activity was observed when the CFS pH was adjusted to almost neutral. \u0000  \u0000In Figure 1, unadjusted pH of LAB-CFS for LF 37 shows the highest percentage of biofilm degradation in K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 (50.88%) and unadjusted pH of LAB-CFS for LC 83, P. aeruginosa ATCC 17934 (21.88%) shows the lowest percentage of degradation. In Figure 2, the pathogen that shows the highest percentage of degradation using adjusted pH of LAB-CFS for LF 37 is K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 (69.72%). The lowest percentage of degradation when using adjusted pH LAB-CFS for LC 83 is E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (25.77%). Since the percentage of biofilm degradation is higher in neutralized LAB-CFS, according to [5], sodium lactate, a neutralised form of lactic acid, or other novel low molecular weight active compounds could explain the antimicrobial or anti-biofilm activity. \u0000In conclusion, the unadjusted pH of LAB-CFS contains substances that can be used as antimicrobial and antibiofilm. However, the adjusted pH of LAB-CFS can only be used as antibiofilm but not as antimicrobial. This is because only the unadjusted pH of LAB-CFS produced a zone of inhibition in the agar well diffusion method. This is probably due to the acidic condition of LAB-CFS itself. For biofilm degradation, both adjusted and unadjusted pH of LAB-CFS were able to degrade mature biofilm, but the adjusted pH ","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133486516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Change in Pattern of Dental Visits and Treatment Performed at Primary Care Centre (PCC) in Selangor During the Pre-pandemic and During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Suhaila Mat Said, Mohd Zulkarnain Sinor, B. Ahmad, K. Omar","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.567","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the delivery of healthcare services, including oral healthcare services. All  dental procedures generate aerosol, and droplet from infected patients may lead to virus transmission [1]. Thus, dental visits and treatment during COVID-19 outbreak in primary care were restricted to only emergency cases. Dental visits provide a true picture of utilisation of dental services. Utilisation of dental services is vital for an individual life because underutilisation can lead to poor oral health. This study sought to explore and elucidate the changing pattern of dental visits and treatment performed in Primary Care Centres (PCC) during the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000  \u0000This retrospective record review of dental visits and treatment was conducted by retrieving the Monthly Workload State Report of Dental Officer (PG 207) and Dental Therapist (PG 206) at the Oral Health Division in Selangor from January 2018 to December 2021. The data was the total number of each month’s dental visit and treatment performed. A descriptive analysis was reported in frequency, percentage, and graph. Chi-Square was used to test the association with the significance level set at p˂0.05, was carried out in OpenEpi online software. \u0000                                                              \u0000During pre and pandemic COVID-19, dental visits at the PCC were higher among schoolchildren (67.0%), followed by adults (24.3%) and antenatal mothers (2.6%). The most common dental treatment recorded during the pre-pandemic was filling (85.5%), and tooth extraction (27.3%). The changing pattern of dental visits and treatment given was observed during the pandemic. The spiking points identified were correlated with changes in policies implemented nationwide during the MCO phase, as declared by the National Security Council. The number of dental visits was low (14.4%) during MCO 2. Due to the closure of schools in MCO 2 in January 2021, the number of dental visits was found to be low. There is an association in the number of dental visits with the phase of MCO (p˂0.01). \u0000  \u0000The pattern of dental visits and treatments performed changed during the pandemic. The number of dental visits and dental treatment performed at the PCC was reduced during the pandemic, particularly in the Movement Control Order (MCO) phase in Selangor.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114745366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Sleep Quality and Quality of Life Before and During Ramadan Fasting Among Healthy Adult Population in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu","authors":"Nurul Ain Farhana Elias, Norsyafiqah Syazwana Shahruzi, Che Suhaili Che Taha","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.549","url":null,"abstract":"Ramadan is a tenet of Islam and requires four weeks of continuous fasting during daylight hours. Muslims are prohibited from eating, drinking, taking medication, and engaging in sexual activities during the fasting period [1]. Nowadays, the non-Muslim community also has a negligible effect from the arising trend of intermittent diet approach in the replacement of traditionally common dietary strategies but the evidence of to which extent this dietary approach might benefit them is remain questionable [2]. The comorbid stress and fear of being infected and the effect of long COVID will affect the quality of life [3]. This is a novel health condition associated with physical or mental deterioration, fatigue, and cold which refers to “post-COVID conditions (PCC)” following COVID-19 infection [4]. Moreover, the consumption of late meals after performing Taraweeh might increase the nocturnal body temperature which leads to delayed bedtime sleep5. Therefore, this study aims to determine the comparison of sleep quality and quality of life among the healthy adult population in the period before Ramadan and during Ramadan and also to find out the possible correlation between these two parameters. \u0000  \u0000This cross-sectional study was conducted on 106 healthy adult populations in Kuala Nerus. The majority (91.5%) of the respondents were aged 19 to 25 years old and 88 (83.0%) of the respondents were female while the rest, 18 (17.0%) were male. Assessment of sleep quality and quality of life was done in two-time intervals before Ramadan (BR) and during Ramadan (DR). Sleep quality; subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, duration of sleep, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, sleep medication consumption, and daytime dysfunction were assessed by using PSQI-M, meanwhile, the SF-36 Malay version was used to evaluate the quality of life; physical functioning, role of limitation due to physical health, role of limitation due to emotional problem, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, social functioning, pain, and general health. All outcomes were measured twice; before Ramadan (one to two weeks prior to Ramadhan month) and during Ramadan (week 2 to 4 of Ramadhan month). \u0000  \u0000There was a significant improvement in overall sleep quality from the global PSQI score during Ramadan as compared to before Ramadan (6.3±2.0 vs 7.5±2.2, p<0.001) followed by sleep latency (min) (0.9±0.6 vs 1.3±0.6, p<0.001), sleep efficiency (%) (0.4±0.6 vs 0.8±0.9, p<0.001) and sleep disturbances (AU) (M=0.8±0.5 vs 1.0±0.5). The rest sleep quality components were not statistically significant. Quality of life in terms of role limitations due to emotional problems during Ramadan is significantly improved than before Ramadan (84.3±24.4 vs 73.9±38.5, p= 0.010). Meanwhile, the other domains were non-statistically significant (Table 1). \u0000This study provides evidence on the benefit of practicing Ramadan fasting among a healthy adult population where sleep quality is statistically significa","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129992344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Adeno-associated virus (AAV) in Vaccine Development","authors":"Keh Min Xuan, Nur Ain Mohd Asri, Rafeah Suppian, Norazmi Mohd Nor, M. Azlan, F. Camacho","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.583","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a very tiny (20-26 nm) icosahedral and non-enveloped virus, and it belongs to the Parvoviridae family. AAV vectors are the most widely used option for gene therapy and delivery of therapeutic antibodies due to their relatively low immunogenicity, high safety profile, broad tropism, and their tendency to maintain long-term gene expression [1]. AVV vectors are developed by transfection of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 T cells with transgene, packaging and helper plasmids [2]. Several clinical studies have investigated the use of AAV vectors for gene therapy in treating of Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, and prostate cancer [3]. AAV vectors have previously been used to treat muscular diseases, but in recent years, their usage as vaccine vectors to cure or prevent infectious diseases including HIV, HPV, and influenza has expanded [4]. \u0000  \u0000Here, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of AAV in vaccine development, and future approaches in improving the drawbacks caused by AAV-based vaccines. Numerous animal investigations have been conducted to explore vaccine vectors against various illnesses, suggesting a possibility for AAV-based vaccinations. Clinical studies on humans are, however, uncommon because, in contrast to other viral vectors, AAV induces a poor humoral and cellular immune response. Additionally, infectious vaccinations often target a large group of healthy individuals across a variety of ages, including children and teenagers. Therefore, compared to AAV-based gene therapies, vaccinations based on AAV vectors need to be more cost-effective and need more robust safety control. \u0000  \u0000According to several research, AAV vector vaccines have been shown to induce a stronger or longer lasting antibody response in comparison to other vaccination approaches, such as DNA, recombinant proteins, inactivated viruses, or virus-like particles (VLPs) [5]. However, AAV vectors are thought to have a low immunogenic profile in comparison to other viral vectors. The main limitations of AAV vectors are their low transgenic capacity and widespread pre-existing immunity in humans [6]. Currently, strategies for improving AAV immunogenicity and circumventing pre-existing immunity are actively being investigated. The research undertaken so far have highlighted numerous significant benefits of AAV vectors for immunisation. Despite all the advantages, there are still a variety of challenges that limit the use of these vectors as a vaccine in humans. Thus, it is necessary to overcome these challenges in order to make AAV-based vaccines effective.","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120937690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedentary Behavior, Stress Level, Dietary Intake, and It`s Relationship with Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Adults in FELDA Terengganu","authors":"Wan Ain Nadirah Che Wan Mansor, S. Harith, Che Suhaili Che Taha","doi":"10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.546","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide and its prevalence is predicted to increase by 60% by 2025 [1]. It is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is responsible for most deaths worldwide. In Malaysia, at least three out of 10 adults have hypertension, and the prevalence has increased [2]. Sedentary behaviour, stress level, and dietary intake were the major cost-effective ways in reducing and controlling hypertension. However, there is lack of studies examining on sedentary behaviour and stress levels among hypertensive adults in FELDA. \u0000  \u0000Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine the relationship between sedentary behavior, psychosocial stress, and dietary intake with blood pressure among the hypertensive adults in FELDA Terengganu. A study was conducted among 51 adults aged between 38 to 64 years old in four FELDA in Terengganu which FELDA Neram 2, Kemaman, FELDA Selasih, Besut, FELDA Jerangau, Dungun and FELDA Belara, Kemaman. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, current blood pressure reading, sedentary behavior (smoking and physical activity level), stress level, and dietary factors were measured. The physical activity level was measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form version while stress level was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire (PSS-10). Three days of 24 hours dietary recall was used for assessing dietary intake. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 22.    \u0000  \u0000A total of 51 hypertensive participants (median age: 57.0 ± 7.0 years), where the majority of them were female (66.7%), married (80.4%), and received secondary education (60.8%) with monthly income less than RM 2500 participated in this study. Most of the participants were obese (66.7%) and did not have their blood pressure controlled (51.0%). However, only 9.8% were smokers. More than half of the participants had moderate physical activity (47.1%) and low stress levels (86.3%). The participants had excessive energy, protein, saturated fatty acid, sodium, iron and vitamin A intake. \u0000Among all the variables, we found that hip circumference (p=0.045) and not smoking (p=0.02) were showing a significant linear relation with systolic blood pressure while age (p=0.001), married (p=0.031), household income (p=0.041), and magnesium (p=0.05) were showing significant linear relation with diastolic blood pressure. However, there was no relation between stress and blood pressure. \u0000  \u0000Excessive consumption of energy, protein, and saturated fatty acid (SFA) will result in increasing body weight thus leading to the development of obesity. In comparison with other Asian countries Malaysia has the highest rate of obesity [3]. Meanwhile, the study showed a linear relation between age and blood pressure since increase in age will increase the risk of getting hypertension [4]. \u0000  \u0000Blood pressure has become a global health problem. Therefor","PeriodicalId":189900,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121864744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}