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USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions最新文献

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A biometric attendance terminal and its application to health programs in India 生物识别考勤终端及其在印度健康项目中的应用
USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions Pub Date : 2010-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/1836001.1836005
Michael Paik, Navkar Samdaria, Aakar Gupta, J. Weber, Nupur Bhatnagar, S. Batra, Manish Bhardwaj, W. Thies
{"title":"A biometric attendance terminal and its application to health programs in India","authors":"Michael Paik, Navkar Samdaria, Aakar Gupta, J. Weber, Nupur Bhatnagar, S. Batra, Manish Bhardwaj, W. Thies","doi":"10.1145/1836001.1836005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1836001.1836005","url":null,"abstract":"Tracking attendance is a necessity in a variety of contexts in the developing world, encompassing health programs, schools, government offices, and a litany of other milieux. While electronic attendance tracking systems exist and perform their core function well, they are expensive, monolithic and offer little customizability.\u0000 In this paper we describe a fingerprint-based biometric attendance system implemented using off-the-shelf components: a netbook computer, a commodity fingerprint reader, and a low-cost mobile phone. The system identifies visitors based only on their fingerprint, and uploads attendance logs to a central location via SMS. Its functionality goes beyond that of existing market offerings while improving modularity, extensibility, and cost of ownership.\u0000 We deployed this system in two health programs - supporting tuberculosis patients in New Delhi and sex workers in Bangalore -- and logged over 550 users and 4,500 visits over the course of several months. Our experience suggests that the system is usable in real-world contexts, though incentives are needed to sustain usage over time. We reflect on the sociocultural factors surrounding adoption and describe the potential to impact health outcomes in the future.","PeriodicalId":189697,"journal":{"name":"USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115624252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
GPS assisted adhoc routing using cellphones for poorly connected areas 全球定位系统(GPS)在连接不佳的地区使用手机辅助特设路由
USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions Pub Date : 2010-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/1836001.1836017
Alireza Mahdian, Hansu Gu, Faris A. Kateb, Sravan Thokala, Shivakant Mishra
{"title":"GPS assisted adhoc routing using cellphones for poorly connected areas","authors":"Alireza Mahdian, Hansu Gu, Faris A. Kateb, Sravan Thokala, Shivakant Mishra","doi":"10.1145/1836001.1836017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1836001.1836017","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the design and implementation of an adhoc routing protocol that allows users to transmit their data in poorly-connected areas. This protocol is based on the following observation: while the wireless communication infrastructure (WiFi or cellular) is poor in developing countries, the number of WiFi-enabled mobile devices is rapidly increasing even in rural areas of these countries. Furthermore, most of these devices are GPS-enabled or have mechanisms to determine their current location (latitude and longitude). The protocol builds an adhoc wireless network using these mobile devices, and uses location information of these devices to route data packets to a close-by node that is connected to the Internet. This node can be an IP router, a cellphone that has Internet connection, or an Internet kiosk.","PeriodicalId":189697,"journal":{"name":"USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131964234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Long distance wireless sensor networks: simulation vs reality 远距离无线传感器网络:模拟vs现实
USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions Pub Date : 2010-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/1836001.1836013
M. Zennaro, A. Bagula, D. Gascón, Alberto Bielsa Noveleta
{"title":"Long distance wireless sensor networks: simulation vs reality","authors":"M. Zennaro, A. Bagula, D. Gascón, Alberto Bielsa Noveleta","doi":"10.1145/1836001.1836013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1836001.1836013","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks allow unprecedented abilities to observe and understand large-scale, real-world phenomena at a fine spatial-temporal resolution. Their application in Developing Countries is even more interesting: they can help solve problems that affect communities. One of the limitations of current wireless sensors is the communication range, with most devices having 100 meters as maximum limit. In contrast, many applications require long-range wireless sensor network where nodes are separated by large distances, giving the advantage of being able to monitor a vast geographic area. In this paper we will present the results of simulations and of experiments carried out using off-the-shelf equipment over distances ranging from 300m to 12km. The results show that long distance wireless sensor networks (LDWSN) are possible and that the quality of these links is high.","PeriodicalId":189697,"journal":{"name":"USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114482481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Smart Connect: last mile data connectivity for rural health facilities 智能连接:农村卫生设施的最后一英里数据连接
USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions Pub Date : 2010-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/1836001.1836006
Richard J. Anderson, Eric Blantz, D. Lubinski, E. O'Rourke, M. Summer, Krysta Yousoufian
{"title":"Smart Connect: last mile data connectivity for rural health facilities","authors":"Richard J. Anderson, Eric Blantz, D. Lubinski, E. O'Rourke, M. Summer, Krysta Yousoufian","doi":"10.1145/1836001.1836006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1836001.1836006","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we address the problem of providing data connection to the periphery of the health system by presenting Smart Connect. Smart Connect is a custom device that uses the cell phone network to provide limited data connectivity between a rural health facility and a server connected to the Internet. Through an analysis of the health systems in Nicaragua and Vietnam, we have identified a variety of processes that could be improved with this device. These include filing incidence reports on diseases, receiving results of diagnostic test, and providing automatic monitoring of vaccine refrigeration equipment. The main contributions of this work include a presentation of the Smart Connect requirements derived from the health care systems of Nicaragua and Vietnam, an argument in favor of facility based communication devices, and a brief discussion of the design for the Smart Connect device.","PeriodicalId":189697,"journal":{"name":"USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125451669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
FoneAstra: making mobile phones smarter fonastra:让手机更智能
USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions Pub Date : 2010-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/1836001.1836004
R. Chaudhri, G. Borriello, W. Thies
{"title":"FoneAstra: making mobile phones smarter","authors":"R. Chaudhri, G. Borriello, W. Thies","doi":"10.1145/1836001.1836004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1836001.1836004","url":null,"abstract":"FoneAstra is a low-cost, programmable device that extends capabilities of mobile phones. We show how our device extends the functionality of non-programmable, low-tier mobile phones that are most prevalent amongst people from low-income groups in developing regions. FoneAstra enables interesting mobile applications in a variety of domains ranging from participatory sensing to remote monitoring to healthcare. The paper describes several applications that we are currently developing. As a first sample application, we demonstrate location tracking capability on low-tier mobile phones that are not programmable and do not have GPS capability. In prototype quantities, FoneAstra costs only $15.","PeriodicalId":189697,"journal":{"name":"USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126070481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Rural livelihoods and income enhancement in the "new" economy “新”经济中的农村生计和收入增加
USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions Pub Date : 2010-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/1836001.1836002
A. Rao, P. Dasgupta
{"title":"Rural livelihoods and income enhancement in the \"new\" economy","authors":"A. Rao, P. Dasgupta","doi":"10.1145/1836001.1836002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1836001.1836002","url":null,"abstract":"Technology alone, however innovative or even \"cheap\" is not the solution to poverty, illiteracy, infrastructural inadequacies and the myriads of ills of those below the poverty line in the third world. The ability to utilize technological advances to meet developmental goals is critical This paper brings an in-depth case study that illustrates the success of a program for poverty reduction that judiciously integrated some basic computing and communication facilities with education, training, entrepreneurship and lifelong goals to bring higher levels of prosperity to villages of one of the poorest segments of the world.","PeriodicalId":189697,"journal":{"name":"USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117203371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Towards understanding developing world traffic 了解发展中国家的交通状况
USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions Pub Date : 2010-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/1836001.1836009
Sunghwan Ihm, KyoungSoo Park, Vivek S. Pai
{"title":"Towards understanding developing world traffic","authors":"Sunghwan Ihm, KyoungSoo Park, Vivek S. Pai","doi":"10.1145/1836001.1836009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1836001.1836009","url":null,"abstract":"While many projects aim to provide network access to the developing world or improve existing network access, relatively little data exists regarding the behavior of traffic in these environments, especially in regards to the characteristics of traffic in the developing world. In this paper, we provide a first glimpse into the traffic gathered by a worldwide proxy network, and try to observe differences in first-world and developing-world traffic characteristics. What sets this work apart from similar research is the scope and level of detail -- we capture more than 3TB of content representing one week's browsing by 348K users across 190 countries. Capturing the content, rather than just access logs, also allows us to perform similarity analysis at the content level.","PeriodicalId":189697,"journal":{"name":"USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132612843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Design principles for robust opportunistic communication 稳健的机会主义交流的设计原则
USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions Pub Date : 2009-07-13 DOI: 10.1145/1836001.1836007
S. Keshav
{"title":"Design principles for robust opportunistic communication","authors":"S. Keshav","doi":"10.1145/1836001.1836007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1836001.1836007","url":null,"abstract":"Several researchers have proposed the use of transient communication opportunities, that is, opportunistic communication, to reduce the cost of rural communication. We propose some design principles for robust opportunistic communication drawing from our experiences in developing and deploying several practical systems. We conclude with an outline of some areas for future research.","PeriodicalId":189697,"journal":{"name":"USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130194988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Practical security for rural internet kiosks 农村互联网亭的实用安全
USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions Pub Date : 2008-08-18 DOI: 10.1145/1397705.1397710
S. U. Rahman, U. Hengartner, U. Ismail, S. Keshav
{"title":"Practical security for rural internet kiosks","authors":"S. U. Rahman, U. Hengartner, U. Ismail, S. Keshav","doi":"10.1145/1397705.1397710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1397705.1397710","url":null,"abstract":"Rural Internet kiosks typically provide weak security guarantees and therefore cannot support secure web access or transaction-oriented applications such as banking and bill payment. We present a practical, unobtrusive and easy-to-use security architecture for rural Internet kiosks that uses a combination of physical and cryptographic mechanisms to protect user data and kiosk infrastructure. Our contributions include (a) a detailed threat analysis of rural Internet kiosks, b) a security architecture for rural Internet kiosks that does not require any specialized hardware features in kiosks, and (c) an application-independent and backward-compatible security API for securely sending and receiving data between kiosks and the Internet that can operate over disconnection-tolerant links.","PeriodicalId":189697,"journal":{"name":"USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131438941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Multistreamed web transport for developing regions 发展中地区的多流网络传输
USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions Pub Date : 2008-08-18 DOI: 10.1145/1397705.1397717
P. Natarajan, P. Amer, R. Stewart
{"title":"Multistreamed web transport for developing regions","authors":"P. Natarajan, P. Amer, R. Stewart","doi":"10.1145/1397705.1397717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1397705.1397717","url":null,"abstract":"A multistreamed web transport has the potential to reduce head-of-line (HOL) blocking, and improve response times in high latency Internet browsing environments, typical of developing regions. In our position paper [13], we proposed a design for HTTP over the multistreamed Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), and implemented the design for non-pipelined (HTTP 1.0) transactions in the Apache web server and Firefox web browser. We have since adapted Apache and Firefox to handle HTTP 1.1 persistent, pipelined transfers over SCTP streams. Initial emulation results over high latency paths reveal that HTTP over SCTP streams benefits from faster page downloads, and achieves visually perceivable improvements to pipelined objects' response times. Movies comparing page downloads of HTTP/TCP vs. HTTP/SCTP streams can be found on the author's website [12]. The promising results have motivated us to propose a low cost, easily realizable, gateway-based HTTP over SCTP deployment solution to enhance users' browsing experience in developing regions.","PeriodicalId":189697,"journal":{"name":"USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125726928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
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