Muscle & NervePub Date : 2026-11-01Epub Date: 2026-09-03DOI: 10.1002/mus.70389
Lucas Dos Santos Costa, Vinicius A F Correa, Vitor F de Oliveira, Ana Julia S Jahn, Gabriela B Aliano, Guilherme S Nunes
{"title":"Risk Factors for Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Lucas Dos Santos Costa, Vinicius A F Correa, Vitor F de Oliveira, Ana Julia S Jahn, Gabriela B Aliano, Guilherme S Nunes","doi":"10.1002/mus.70389","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mus.70389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/aims: </strong>Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC) are common in athletic populations and are frequently cited as a factor limiting performance. Despite extensive investigation, uncertainty remains regarding the risk factors associated with EAMC. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the available evidence on potential risk factors for EAMC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL from inception to April 2026. Longitudinal studies that followed participants over any period to assess the occurrence of EAMC were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 14,181 records, nine studies were included (n = 11,274 participants). Across 36 meta-analyses, only three variables demonstrated statistically significant associations with EAMC. A prior history of EAMC was associated with subsequent episodes, conferring approximately 4.4-fold higher odds of EAMC occurrence (strong evidence). Higher post-race serum potassium (moderate evidence) and magnesium (limited evidence) concentrations were also observed in individuals with EAMC. Strong evidence indicated no associations between EAMC and age, body mass, or height. No other consistent results were identified across anthropometric, demographic, hydration, metabolic, performance, practice, routine, or training domains.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The association with prior EAMC history supports the concept of a recurrent phenomenon. This suggests that EAMC may be driven primarily by individual history rather than by commonly investigated physiological or training-related factors. The uncertainties regarding hydration status, electrolyte balance, training load, and performance challenge traditional preventive paradigms. However, given that most findings were supported by limited or very limited evidence, further high-quality research is warranted.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO: CRD420251061240.</p>","PeriodicalId":18968,"journal":{"name":"Muscle & Nerve","volume":" ","pages":"1375-1386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muscle & NervePub Date : 2026-11-01Epub Date: 2026-09-09DOI: 10.1002/mus.70399
Juliana Cardoso, Clara Corsete Tonoli, Beatriz Parra Buzzetti, Gabriela Barroso Davoli, Ana Claudia Mattiello-Sverzut
{"title":"Construct Validity and Reliability of the OMNI Scale in Children and Adolescents With Neuromuscular Diseases.","authors":"Juliana Cardoso, Clara Corsete Tonoli, Beatriz Parra Buzzetti, Gabriela Barroso Davoli, Ana Claudia Mattiello-Sverzut","doi":"10.1002/mus.70399","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mus.70399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/aims: </strong>Children and adolescents with neuromuscular diseases often demonstrate muscle weakness and mobility limitations, which may increase perceived exertion during functional tasks. The OMNI scale was developed to assess perceived exertion in pediatric populations; however, its measurement properties in neuromuscular conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the construct validity of the OMNI scale, using the Borg scale as a reference, and its inter-rater reliability during the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in children and adolescents with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and myopathies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Construct validity was analyzed in 39 participants, and inter-rater reliability in 21 participants aged 4-18 years. Perceived exertion was assessed before, during, and after the 6MWT using the OMNI and Borg scales. Linear mixed-effects models examined construct validity. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) assessed reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant association was observed between Borg and OMNI scores (β = 0.82, p < 0.001). OMNI scores increased throughout the 6MWT, indicating changes in perceived exertion. Inter-rater reliability was moderate at the second minute (ICC = 0.67; 95% CI 0.34-0.85) and high at the end of the 6MWT (ICC = 0.75; 95% CI 0.48-0.89). The SEM was 1.74 points at the second minute and 1.32 points at the end of the 6MWT.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The OMNI scale demonstrated good construct validity and acceptable inter-rater reliability, with low measurement error, supporting its clinical applicability. This suggests that the OMNI scale is a practical and reliable tool for monitoring perceived exertion in children and adolescents with neuromuscular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18968,"journal":{"name":"Muscle & Nerve","volume":" ","pages":"1421-1428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Respiratory Care Trajectory in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in the Advanced Stage: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.","authors":"Keisuke Yorimoto, Yosuke Ariake, Yuta Miyazaki, Hotake Takizawa, Yuko Shimizu-Motohashi, Hirofumi Komaki, Yuji Takahashi, Takatoshi Hara","doi":"10.1002/mus.70386","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mus.70386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/aims: </strong>Data on respiratory status and care in older adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) remain limited. This study aimed to characterize respiratory status, respiratory physiotherapy, and associated clinical features in patients with DMD aged ≥ 30 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective study analyzed medical records of 44 individuals with DMD aged ≥ 30 years who received physiotherapy at our center between March 2017 and March 2023. Data included respiratory function (vital capacity [VC], cough peak flow [CPF], and lung volume recruitment [LVR]-assisted measurements), respiratory complications, and clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age was 37 years. Respiratory function was severely impaired, with a median VC of 275 mL and CPF of 0 L/min. LVR enabled assessment of assisted lung inflation, achieving a median insufflation volume of 1040 mL and increasing CPF to 150 L/min. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) were each used by 95.5% of patients, and 79.5% required continuous ventilatory support. A history of pneumonia was documented in 70.5% (31 patients), and a history of pneumothorax in 29.5% (13 patients). The median ejection fraction was 42%, and 18.2% of patients had died.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>LVR enabled evaluation of lung insufflation capacity (LIC) even in patients with advanced-stage DMD. Although causal inference cannot be made, these findings suggest that LVR may serve as a component of respiratory physiotherapy for assessment in adults with DMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18968,"journal":{"name":"Muscle & Nerve","volume":" ","pages":"1429-1434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muscle & NervePub Date : 2026-11-01Epub Date: 2026-09-20DOI: 10.1002/mus.70414
Andrea J Boon, Elie Naddaf, Grayson Beecher
{"title":"Reduced Phrenic CMAP Amplitudes in Obesity Despite Preserved Diaphragm Ultrasound Measures.","authors":"Andrea J Boon, Elie Naddaf, Grayson Beecher","doi":"10.1002/mus.70414","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mus.70414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/aims: </strong>Phrenic nerve conduction studies (NCS) are regularly used in the evaluation of neuromuscular respiratory dysfunction; however, the impact of body mass index (BMI) on phrenic compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes remains poorly characterized. We evaluated the relationship between BMI and phrenic CMAP amplitudes in patients without evidence of neuromuscular diaphragmatic dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective secondary analysis of patients derived from two previously published cohorts from Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) and the University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta) evaluating diaphragm ultrasound in suspected neuromuscular respiratory insufficiency. Patients without evidence of neuromuscular disease affecting the diaphragm who underwent bilateral phrenic NCS and diaphragm ultrasound were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-nine patients met inclusion criteria, including 36 with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Median phrenic CMAP amplitudes were significantly lower in patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> compared to BMI < 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (0.25 mV [IQR 0.10-0.38] vs. 0.50 mV [0.30-0.65], p < 0.001). Low phrenic CMAP amplitudes (< 0.3 mV) were more common in patients with obesity (58% vs. 21%, p < 0.001). BMI demonstrated a moderate negative correlation with phrenic CMAP amplitude (ρ = -0.50, p < 0.001). Diaphragm thickness at functional residual capacity did not differ significantly between BMI groups, while diaphragm thickening ratio was modestly lower in obesity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Elevated BMI is associated with lower phrenic CMAP amplitudes in patients without evidence of neuromuscular diaphragmatic dysfunction. Reduced phrenic CMAP amplitudes in obesity may reflect technical recording limitations rather than clinically meaningful diaphragmatic dysfunction. Low-amplitude phrenic responses in patients with obesity should be interpreted cautiously and alongside adjunctive assessments such as diaphragm ultrasound.</p>","PeriodicalId":18968,"journal":{"name":"Muscle & Nerve","volume":" ","pages":"1450-1455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muscle & NervePub Date : 2026-11-01Epub Date: 2026-05-12DOI: 10.1002/mus.70268
Matthew Ginsberg
{"title":"Pediatric Guillain-Barré Syndrome.","authors":"Matthew Ginsberg","doi":"10.1002/mus.70268","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mus.70268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children, with clinical features that differ in important ways from adult disease and directly affect diagnosis and management. In pediatric patients, early symptoms are often nonspecific, with pain, irritability, or gait refusal preceding or predominating over weakness, contributing to diagnostic delay. Although the diagnostic framework parallels that in adults, evaluation is frequently limited by challenges in examination and the need for sedation for electrodiagnostic testing or lumbar puncture. Spinal MRI with gadolinium may support the diagnosis and help exclude alternative etiologies in this setting. Treatment approaches are similar to those in adults, with intravenous immunoglobulin as first-line therapy; plasma exchange is used less often due to technical constraints, and evidence guiding optimal dosing, duration, and retreatment in children remains limited. Outcomes are generally favorable, with low mortality and high rates of recovery, though early disease severity and supportive care requirements remain key prognostic factors. Acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy represents an important diagnostic consideration, as it may initially mimic GBS and requires longitudinal follow-up for distinction. Recognition of these pediatric-specific features-particularly atypical presentation, diagnostic limitations, and the need for ongoing reassessment-is essential for timely diagnosis, appropriate management, and accurate prognostic counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":18968,"journal":{"name":"Muscle & Nerve","volume":" ","pages":"1328-1340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147931581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muscle & NervePub Date : 2026-11-01Epub Date: 2026-07-16DOI: 10.1002/mus.70349
Alaina Giacobbe, Yuyao Sun, Yohei Harada, Vern C Juel, Karissa L Gable
{"title":"Coexisting Inflammatory and Hereditary Neuropathies: A Review.","authors":"Alaina Giacobbe, Yuyao Sun, Yohei Harada, Vern C Juel, Karissa L Gable","doi":"10.1002/mus.70349","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mus.70349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concurrent presentation of acquired neuropathy and hereditary neuropathy is both diagnostically challenging and important to recognize. This review focuses on cases of concurrent chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. Two cases of patients diagnosed with both CIDP and CMT1A are presented, and reported cases of CMT1A, CMT1B, and CMTX and CIDP overlap are reviewed. Although clinical history and examination have primacy, electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing and other supportive tests can help identify cases with dual pathology. Features that raised concern for superimposed inflammatory neuropathy in all cases included a combination of rapidly progressive, proximal or asymmetric weakness and sensory symptoms. The diagnosis of CIDP in these cases was supported by a combination of albuminocytologic dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid (63% of cases), EDx features of acquired demyelination on EDx (conduction block in 69% of cases, asymmetric slowing of conduction velocities), inflammatory changes on nerve biopsy (58%), and response to treatment (84%). Patients with CMT1X and CIDP had the highest rate of immunotherapy treatment failure, which may reflect misdiagnosis, as CMT1X has been associated with features of acquired segmental demyelination, such as conduction block. Neuromuscular ultrasound is the newest diagnostic test to differentiate CIDP from CMT and can be helpful in cases where motor and sensory nerve responses are absent on EDx testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18968,"journal":{"name":"Muscle & Nerve","volume":" ","pages":"1312-1317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148471932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muscle & NervePub Date : 2026-11-01Epub Date: 2026-08-30DOI: 10.1002/mus.70390
D Kevin Horton, Jaime Raymond, Theodore Larson, Marc G Weisskopf, Ileana Howard, Paul Mehta
{"title":"Military Service and Survival Among Persons With ALS in the U.S. National ALS Registry, 2011-2023.","authors":"D Kevin Horton, Jaime Raymond, Theodore Larson, Marc G Weisskopf, Ileana Howard, Paul Mehta","doi":"10.1002/mus.70390","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mus.70390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/aims: </strong>Military service has been associated with increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but less is known about survival after diagnosis. We evaluated the association between military service and survival after ALS diagnosis among U.S. National ALS Registry participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants who completed the Registry's Military History Survey between 2011 and 2023 and had valid ALS diagnosis and mortality follow-up information were eligible. Military service was classified as veteran or nonveteran. Mortality was ascertained through National Death Index linkage. Kaplan-Meier methods evaluated survival distributions, and Cox proportional hazards models estimated adjusted mortality associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 8643 participants, 1735 (20.1%) were veterans and 6908 (79.9%) were nonveterans. Veterans were older at diagnosis and reported greater smoking and alcohol use. The median observed time from ALS diagnosis to death or censoring was 3.77 years among veterans and 4.79 years among nonveterans, an approximate 1-year difference; Kaplan-Meier estimated 5-year survival was 47.1% and 57.4%, respectively. Veterans experienced significantly poorer survival than nonveterans (log-rank χ <sup>2</sup> = 113.45, p < 0.0001). In the primary adjusted Cox model, military service remained associated with increased mortality (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.15-1.35; p < 0.0001). Findings were consistent across sensitivity analyses accounting for disease severity, symptom onset site, and delayed Registry entry.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Military service was associated with poorer survival after ALS diagnosis. Veterans had lower 5-year survival and higher mortality hazards than nonveterans, suggesting military history may be an important prognostic factor in ALS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18968,"journal":{"name":"Muscle & Nerve","volume":" ","pages":"1368-1374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13636006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muscle & NervePub Date : 2026-11-01Epub Date: 2026-09-12DOI: 10.1002/mus.70380
Carly Magun, Ton Duong, Cara H Kanner, Rafael Rodriguez-Torres, Elizabeth Harding, Sally Dunaway Young, Rabia Farooquee, Constance de Monts, Amy Pasternak, Maria Fragala-Pinkham, Damiano Zanotto, Jacqueline Montes
{"title":"Gait Speed in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Key Vital Sign Linked to Strength and Fatigability.","authors":"Carly Magun, Ton Duong, Cara H Kanner, Rafael Rodriguez-Torres, Elizabeth Harding, Sally Dunaway Young, Rabia Farooquee, Constance de Monts, Amy Pasternak, Maria Fragala-Pinkham, Damiano Zanotto, Jacqueline Montes","doi":"10.1002/mus.70380","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mus.70380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/aims: </strong>Gait Speed (GS), a valid and reliable indicator of function and health in multiple populations, has not been explored in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The purpose of this study was to characterize GS and gait speed reserves (GSR), and explore associations with strength and fatigability in SMA and healthy controls (HC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from ambulatory individuals with SMA (n = 14) and controls (HC) (n = 10). Using custom-engineered instrumented insoles, stride velocity (SV) was collected during the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and 10-m walk/run (10MWR). Three GS variables were identified; SV50th Centile<sub>6MWT</sub> (SV50C<sub>6MWT</sub>), 10MWR SV, and SV95th Centile<sub>6MWT</sub> (SV95C<sub>6MWT</sub>). Gait speed reserve (GSR) was calculated from 10MWR and SV50C<sub>6MWT</sub>. Repeated measures analysis of variance assessed differences in GS and GSR across groups. Spearman's Rho was used to assess associations between speed variables and clinical assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All speed variables were different within HC (p < 0.001) and SMA (p = 0.002). There was a significant Group × Speed interaction (p < 0.001) with greater differences in HC. GSR was lower in SMA (p < 0.001, d = 2.42). In SMA, thigh strength was associated with all three GS variables and inversely associated with fatigability (p < 0.05). In HC, associations between GS and strength or fatigability were not observed. GSR was not associated with strength, fatigability, or GS in either group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>GS is diminished in SMA and correlated with strength and fatigability. While reduced in SMA, GSR was not associated with GS, strength, or function. GS is a key vital sign of health and may be a useful biomarker in SMA.</p>","PeriodicalId":18968,"journal":{"name":"Muscle & Nerve","volume":" ","pages":"1435-1442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muscle & NervePub Date : 2026-11-01Epub Date: 2026-09-21DOI: 10.1002/mus.70404
Kristina M Sattler, Brian J Paleo, Mackenzie N Roth, Kara E Bradley, Megan N Winkler, Wakako Yoshioka, Ichizo Nishino, Christoph Lepper, Kelly E Crowe
{"title":"Assessment of Lectin Staining Biomarkers for GNE Myopathy Gene Therapy.","authors":"Kristina M Sattler, Brian J Paleo, Mackenzie N Roth, Kara E Bradley, Megan N Winkler, Wakako Yoshioka, Ichizo Nishino, Christoph Lepper, Kelly E Crowe","doi":"10.1002/mus.70404","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mus.70404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/aims: </strong>GNE myopathy (GNEM) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) kinase (GNE) gene, which encodes a required enzyme for sialic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Reduced SA production is associated with progressive skeletal muscle wasting, but robust molecular biomarkers of SA deficiency and therapeutic restoration remain lacking. As gene therapy for GNEM continues to advance, there is a critical need for biomarkers that enable early, objective assessment of therapeutic response that may precede detectable clinical improvements. Here, we systematically compare a panel of glycan-binding lectins to identify sensitive and robust biomarkers of SA deficiency and restoration in GNEM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated a panel of glycan-binding lectins for differential binding under altered sialylation using fluorescent staining and flow cytometry in a GNE-deficient cell model, followed by fluorescent lectin staining of skeletal muscle biopsies from GNEM and non-GNEM patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subterminal lectins SBA, PNA, and VVA showed greater sensitivity to hyposialylation than terminal lectins. By flow cytometry, SBA and PNA increased 90.38- and 50.03-fold, respectively, in GNE-deficient cells and decreased 96.06% and 91.83% following GNE restoration. In GNEM muscle, PNA showed the greatest increase (5.3-fold) and most consistent discrimination from non-GNEM muscle.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>PNA demonstrated the most robust and consistent performance across models, supporting its promise as a biomarker to reflect restoration of sialylation that would occur in skeletal muscle after GNEM gene therapy. Further validation in clinical samples will establish its utility as a pharmacodynamic biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":18968,"journal":{"name":"Muscle & Nerve","volume":" ","pages":"1456-1470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muscle & NervePub Date : 2026-11-01Epub Date: 2026-09-25DOI: 10.1002/mus.70352
{"title":"Correction to \"Single- and Multiple-Dose Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Profiles of ASP0367, or Bocidelpar Sulfate, a Novel Modulator of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta in Healthy Adults: Results From a Phase 1 Study\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/mus.70352","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mus.70352","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18968,"journal":{"name":"Muscle & Nerve","volume":" ","pages":"1476-1479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}