Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report最新文献

{"title":"Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection and Complications Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients - United States, January 2021-September 2025.","authors":"Ian Kracalik,Pallavi Annambhotla,David W McCormick,Andrew I Geller,Kelsey McDavid,Isabel Griffin,Raymond Lynch,Brianna Doby,Yoichiro Natori,Sofya Tokman,Christine M Durand,Camille N Kotton,Emily Blumberg,Ricardo M La Hoz,Lauri A Hicks,Stephanie M Pouch,Sridhar V Basavaraju, ","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7508a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7508a1","url":null,"abstract":"Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection is the cause of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), certain lymphoproliferative disorders, and the inflammatory condition Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). In solid organ transplant recipients, KSHV-related complications can result from reactivation of latent infection, new posttransplant infection, or transmission of virus from the transplanted organ. However, testing of donors and recipients is not routinely performed. During January 2021-September 2025, after transplantation of 185 organs into 153 recipients, 46 deceased donors were identified whose transplanted organs were suspected of having transmitted KSHV, approximately five times the number of such donors (nine) reported during 2016-2020. As of February 2026, a posttransplantation KSHV infection has been identified among 74 (48%) of these 153 transplant recipients. Among the 74 recipients with KSHV infection, 45 (61%) developed KS; 10 (14%) of these recipients with KS also developed a lymphoproliferative disorder (multicentric Castleman disease [eight], posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder [one], and primary effusion lymphoma [one]) and six (8%) developed KICS; four (5%) recipients developed a lymphoproliferative disorder alone (primary effusion lymphoma [one] and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder [three]); and one (1%) developed KICS alone. To date, 25 (16%) of the 153 transplant recipients have died. Most donors and recipients were HIV-negative, and nonmedical drug use was common among donors. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for KSHV in transplant recipients, particularly when donors have risk factors including nonmedical drug use, or when another recipient from the same donor is found to be infected. Development and implementation of effective testing strategies and timely reporting could guide clinical management, reduce risk for KSHV-related complications, and improve transplant safety.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"324 1","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Congenital Rubella Syndrome - Florida, 2025.","authors":"Mohammad Alak,Manuel Taffanelli Latorre,Patricia Morrill Foster,Jennifer Armstrong,Fatma Levent,Min-Hsin Chen,Timothy J Doyle","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7508a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7508a2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"1 1","pages":"106-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Maximizing Tuberculosis Testing After a School-Based Exposure - Lake County, Illinois, 2025.","authors":"Amy Zun,Nicolette Meyer,Denise Flores,Tom Mohr,Patricia Aguirre,Tania Rios,Sunu Mathew,Monica Bates,Gabriela Ocampo,Patricia Brady,Patricia Corn,Emily Young,Bree Kingshott,Sara Zamor,Lisa Kritz,Sana Shireen Ahmed","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7504a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7504a2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"93 1","pages":"55-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measles Outbreak Associated with an Infectious Traveler - Colorado, May-June 2025.","authors":"Amanda R Metz,Meghan Barnes,Kevin Andresen,Ginger Stringer,Nicole Comstock,Alexis Burakoff,Shannon R Matzinger,Leslee Warren,Marigny Klaber,Melissa Orozco,Si Ning Chan,Jennifer J Fowler,Shannon L Gearhart,Molly B Nicholson,Rachel Herlihy","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7504a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7504a1","url":null,"abstract":"Measles is a highly contagious vaccine-preventable viral disease. Successful vaccination programs resulted in limited measles transmission in the United States in 2000, but U.S. cases have been increasing since early 2025. On May 20, 2025, CDC notified the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment of a measles case in an unvaccinated, non-Colorado resident who had arrived in Denver, Colorado, on an international flight and traveled through the Denver International Airport while infectious. The patient acquired measles in the United States before travelling internationally. Nine secondary measles cases and one tertiary case associated with this traveler were confirmed among Colorado residents; seven additional cases were reported by other jurisdictions. Four of the nine secondary Colorado cases occurred among persons who had received 2 doses of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine before exposure. Two of these vaccinated persons received negative measles reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results from nasopharyngeal swab specimens and positive results from urine specimens. A third patient, with unknown measles vaccination status, received a positive urine RT-PCR test result 24 days after rash onset. Three unvaccinated patients and one with unknown vaccination status were hospitalized, and all recovered. All patients reported having a rash, but vaccinated patients reported fewer and milder symptoms overall. This outbreak highlights the importance of staying up to date with recommended vaccinations, especially before traveling. Routinely collecting urine specimens for measles testing could improve identification of cases and increase detection sensitivity, especially among previously vaccinated persons.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"23 1","pages":"48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Violence Perpetration by Men Aged 18-24 Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Who Were Exposed to Violence During Childhood - Eight Countries, 2018-2023.","authors":"Stephanie Spaid Miedema,Sarah A Matthews,Francis B Annor,Andrés Villaveces,Phumzile Mndzebele,Michelle R Adler,Michelle Li,Kelly Ann Gordon Johnson,Denese McFarlane,Paul Rashad Young,Shelly Ann Edwards,Deidra Coy,Caroline Kambona,Elizabeth Washika,António Candeiro,Raquel Cossa de Pinho,Norbert Forster,Peter A Minchella,Rahimisa Kamuingona,Laura F Chiang","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7503a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7503a2","url":null,"abstract":"Violence is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young adults in low- and middle-income countries. Men aged 18-24 years (young men) account for the majority of victims and perpetrators of many types of interpersonal violence. Childhood experiences, such as exposure to emotional, physical, or sexual violence or witnessing violence in their homes or communities, might increase risk for perpetration of violence in adulthood. Data from eight Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys conducted in low- and middle-income countries during 2018-2023 were analyzed to assess prevalence of physical and sexual violence perpetration by young men and associations of these events with their exposure to violence during childhood. Lifetime prevalence of physical or sexual violence perpetration among young men was common in all countries and ranged from 12.4% in Eswatini to 44.9% in Côte d'Ivoire. Physical violence victimization or witnessing violence in the household or community before age 18 years was associated with increased odds of violence perpetration among young men in all eight countries after adjusting for demographic covariates and childhood adversity indicators. Efforts to prevent exposure to violence during childhood, a pivotal developmental period, might reduce perpetration of violence by young men and create safer and more secure homes and communities.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"69 1","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuity of Care for Patients with Tuberculosis Relocating to Other Countries - CureTB Program, 2016-2023.","authors":"Carlos Vera-Garcia,Omar Duran-Pena,Manuel Ramirez,Laura Vonnahme,Michelle Sandoval-Rosario,Arnold Vang,Arielle Lasry,Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7503a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7503a1","url":null,"abstract":"Patients who have received a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) disease face barriers to continuing and completing TB treatment when they relocate between countries, potentially resulting in lower treatment completion rates. Treatment for TB disease can range from 6 months to more than 2 years in duration; failure to complete treatment increases the risk for TB transmission and emergence of drug resistance. CDC's CureTB program makes follow-up TB care referrals for persons relocating to or from the United States, either as temporary visitors or when returning to their home countries, by providing information directly to public health authorities at patients' destinations. To evaluate program performance, public health officials examined 2016-2023 CureTB referral outcomes and treatment completion rates. Among 6,944 referral requests received from U.S. or foreign authorities during 2016-2023, approximately one half (3,912; 56%) were for patients with suspected TB, and approximately one third (2,404; 35%) were for patients with confirmed TB. Among patients who had received a diagnosis of TB for whom a request for a referral was made, CureTB made referrals for 1,741 (72%), including 1,622 (93%) persons relocating to other countries and 119 (7%) relocating to U.S. destinations. Referrals were not required for 522 (22%) persons, and referrals could not be completed for 141 (6%) because information needed to contact the patient was insufficient. Overall, within 12 months of referral, 1,379 (79%) of 1,741 referred patients completed treatment. Among 1,287 (74%) referred patients for whom data on timing of initiation of care were available, treatment completion rates were highest (91%) for 637 patients linked to treatment ≤30 days after departure, followed by 89% for 505 patients linked within 1-3 months, and 85% for 145 linked within 3-12 months. Timely initiation of care can facilitate continuity of care and support completion of TB treatment. CureTB supports the global goals of reducing TB transmission, improving treatment completion rates, and enhancing progress toward TB elimination in the United States; the program can serve as a model for other countries.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Wastewater Surveillance for Measles Virus During a Measles Outbreak - Colorado, August 2025.","authors":"Grace M Jensen,Cyrus Gidfar,Kirsten Weisbeck,Meghan Barnes,Erin Minnerath,Shannon Matzinger,Allison Wheeler","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7502a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7502a2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"29 1","pages":"20-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Rabies Deaths - Minnesota and California, 2024.","authors":"Malia Ireland,Curtis L Fritz,Stacy Holzbauer,Carrie Klumb,Maria Bye,Leah Bauck,Amanda Bakken,Michelle Dethloff,Rebecca Campagna,Mojgan Deldari,Susan Hepp,Ruth Lopez,Sharon Messenger,Christopher Preas,Aimee Rendon,Stephanie Koch-Kumar,Maria Rangel,Kanwaldeep Bains,Jeffrey Bulawit,Samer Al Saghbini,Trinidad Solis,Joe Prado,John Zweifler,Leticia Berber,Rais Vohra,Ignacio A Santana,Salvador Sandoval,Parmjit Sahota,Mark Hendrickson,Megan Black,Gloria Chavez,Andrew Schwab,Pamela A Yager,Michael Niezgoda,Vaughn V Wicker,Crystal M Gigante,Lillian A Orciari,Jesse D Blanton,Sarah C Bonaparte,Rebecca Earnest,Ryan M Wallace","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7502a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7502a4","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies is an enzootic viral disease in the continental United States and is typically transmitted through the bite of an infected mammal. Infection is almost always fatal if rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is not received before the onset of symptoms. Bats are the leading source of U.S. human rabies cases. In 2024, CDC identified two U.S. human rabies deaths in September (Minnesota) and November (California) in persons who had a recognized bat encounter but might not have been aware of the potential rabies risk. Neither patient reported the bat encounter to public health officials nor sought medical attention, including PEP, before symptom onset. Health officials conducted risk assessments among 384 persons in Minnesota, North Dakota, and California who had possible contact with either the bats that were presumed to have rabies or the patients while they were infectious; 45 (12%) of these persons were recommended to receive PEP. Bat bites often result in trivialized or inapparent wounds. Anyone with a possible bat exposure, even in the absence of a recognized bite, should immediately report the encounter to a health care provider or to public health officials for risk assessment, consideration of options for bat testing, and PEP administration, if indicated. Increased awareness of the potential risk for rabies after any bat interaction, even without a visible bite wound, might help prevent deaths.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"5 1","pages":"28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Retrospective Analysis of Wild-Type Measles Virus in Wastewater During a Measles Outbreak - Oregon, March 24-September 22, 2024.","authors":"Rebecca Falender,Melissa Sutton,Paul Cieslak,Juventila Liko,David Mickle,Christine Kelly,Tyler Radniecki","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7502a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7502a1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"41 1","pages":"16-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imported Human Rabies - Kentucky and Ohio, 2024.","authors":"Alexandra Barger,Sara F Margrey,Allison W Siu,Ryan Wallace,Rebecca Earnest,Molly Frankel,Hermella Eshete,Carolyn Swisshelm,Eli Shiltz,Kimberly Wright,Arminda Allen,Lillian A Orciari,Crystal M Gigante,Rene Condori,Pamela Yager,Michael Niezgoda,Panayampalli S Satheshkumar,Douglas Thoroughman,Kathleen Winter,Kelly Giesbrecht","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7502a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7502a3","url":null,"abstract":"Human rabies cases are rare in the United States; most result from domestic wildlife exposure. U.S. residents can acquire rabies abroad, typically through contact with dogs in areas where dog-maintained rabies is endemic. In November 2024, a man from Haiti was admitted to a Kentucky hospital with an 8-day history of progressive lower extremity pain and weakness. Soon after admission, he experienced hypersalivation, dysphagia, agitation, and eventually, respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Ten days after admission, he was transferred to a referral hospital in Ohio, where his condition further deteriorated. Despite early consideration of rabies in the differential diagnosis, testing was delayed until late in the clinical course while other diagnostic possibilities were pursued. Rabies testing was initiated on the 29th hospital day and was confirmed 5 days later; the patient died that day. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleoprotein gene supported acquisition of a dog-maintained rabies virus variant in Haiti. In total, 709 possible contacts during the patient's infectious period underwent risk assessment; 60 (8%) were recommended to receive rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) because of exposure to saliva. Before the patient's rabies diagnosis, standard precautions were used inconsistently during his care; among 60 persons recommended to receive PEP, 52 (88%) were health care workers. Earlier rabies diagnosis and regular adherence to standard infection control precautions, recommended for all patient care, might have reduced health care-associated exposures. This case underscores the importance of early public health consultation upon clinical suspicion of rabies and universal adherence to standard precautions.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"177 1","pages":"23-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}