Nematology最新文献

{"title":"Potential of cavalcade, Centrosema pascuorum, leaves for controlling Meloidogyne javanica and quantification of active phytochemicals","authors":"N. Beesa, B. Chinnasri, A. Sasnarukkit, T. Dethoup, K. Jindapunnapat, A. Kiriga, K. Saikai, S. Haukeland, D. Coyne","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10273","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The legume cavalcade, Centrosema pascuorum, is used extensively as a cover crop and as a component of conservation agriculture systems. It is also an attractive rotation or cover crop for the management of root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) as it is a non-host. RKN are persistent pests that are well known to be difficult to control. However, the mechanisms governing the non-host status of cavalcade is unknown. The current study established that cavalcade leaves are toxic to RKN as either aqueous extracts or soil amendments. Bioassays conducted using Meloidogyne javanica showed that a 90% concentration of aqueous extract derived from 1-month-old cavalcade leaves (89 mg crude extract ml−1) suppressed nematode hatch (82.9%) and killed infective second-stage juveniles of M. javanica (85.3%). Soil amendments with 1% (w/w) of 1-month-old cavalcade leaves (0.99 mg crude extract g−1 soil) also provided effective control of M. javanica in the glasshouse on okra. One-month-old leaves appeared more effective than 2- or 3-month-old leaves. The soil amendments had no adverse phytotoxic effect on okra seed germination. Our study demonstrates the potential for using cavalcade leaves or extracts to manage RKN. This may be due to the nematicidal activity of the various compounds in the leaves, such as flavonoids, phenols and terpenoids, which should be further assessed.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45317712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of transmission of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, via two different pathways from Monochamus alternatus to host trees","authors":"Yusuke Nakayama, K. Togashi","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10271","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causes pine wilt disease and is transmitted to host trees by cerambycid adults of the genus Monochamus. There are two primary transmission pathways: via vector feeding wounds to healthy trees and via the oviposition wounds to dying or recently dead trees. To determine the ratio of nematodes transmitted via the different pathways, M. alternatus female adults were reared on Pinus densiflora fresh twig sections and wood pieces with the bark made favourable for oviposition. Transmission curves of B. xylophilus to twig sections were similar in shape to the nematode departure curves for each vector, whereas the transmission curves to wood pieces were dissimilar to the departure curves because of different age classes at the peak between the curves. Consequently, there was no similarity in shape between two transmission curves to twig sections and wood pieces. Of B. xylophilus transmitted to twig sections and wood pieces after vectors constructed the first oviposition wound, 38.7% was transmitted to twig sections and 61.3% to wood pieces. Using the results of present and previous studies, GLM analysis indicated that the probability of B. xylophilus transmission to twig sections was 0.481 and that B. xylophilus had a 9.7 times higher likelihood of feeding-related transmission to oviposition-related transmission than non-pathogenic B. mucronatus. Thus, the reproductively mature vectors are considered to be related to the incidence of pine wilt disease and dispersal studies on mature vectors would help to predict the expansion rate of areas affected by the disease in the current year.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41990595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of Devibursaphelencus lordeganensis sp. n. (Ektaphelenchinae) from Iran","authors":"F. Aliramaji, A. Taheri, E. Shokoohi","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10272","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A population of the genus Devibursaphelenchus was collected from the inner part of the decaying Persian oak tree (Quercus brantii) from Lordegan city of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province, Iran. The morphological and molecular characters confirmed the new species, namely D. lordeganensis sp. n. The new species is characterised by female body length (768-1026 μm), lip region separated from the rest of the body by a slight constriction, obscure lines on lateral fields, stylet length long, slender, wide-lumened, tripartite, composed of a conus with an aperture about half its length, a conophore about equal with the conus, and a shaft, taller than (conus + conophore) length, lacking basal knobs or swelling, excretory pore ca three metacorpal lengths posterior to the base of the metacorpus, post-uterine sac (PUS) (36-67 μm long; 1.3-3.7 times longer than vulval body diam.), absence or vestigial of rectum and anus, posterior end of the body conical with a rounded tip (in some specimens with a spherical protruded projection at tail tip), males 668 to 815 μm long, presence of two pairs of caudal papillae (P2 and P3), spicule length (15-17 μm) with long and wide bladed condylus, triangular rostrum with a blunt tip and small bursa flap ending at the tail tip. The molecular phylogeny based on 28S rDNA revealed that the new species stands close to D. alienae (LC629160) and D. lini (FJ768944, AM396570). The measurements, line illustrations, light microscopy photographs and phylogenetic analysis are given for the new species. In addition, a key to the species of Devibursaphelenchus is given.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48991869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ficophagus pisocarpae n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), an associate of Ficus pisocarpa in China","authors":"Yongsan Zeng, Dayuan Zhang, R. Giblin-Davis, J. Roberts","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10268","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A new species of the genus Ficophagus was recovered from the syconia of Ficus pisocarpa from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, China. It is described herein as Ficophagus pisocarpae n. sp. and is characterised by possessing the combined characters of a short PUS (6.4-9.3 μm or 0.3-0.4 VBD long), an excretory pore near the head, presence of crustaformeria, amoeboid sperm, three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail (one pair just adcloacal (P2), one pair halfway between cloacal aperture and tail terminus (P3a), and one pair near tail tip (P4)), rounded male tail tip without mucron, absence of gubernaculum and rose-thorn-shaped spicule with conical rostrum. Ficophagus pisocarpae n. sp. was differentiated from other sequenced species by the partial small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis with the LSU D2-D3 expansion segment sequence suggested that F. pisocarpae n. sp. is clustered in the same highly supported monophyletic clade with F. annulatae, F. benjamina, F. curtipes and F. microcarpus. It differs morphologically from these species in lateral incisure number, EP position, spicule and uterus morphology and some morphometric characters.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48901301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal dynamics of soil nematode population in an Acacia saligna invaded Mediterranean sand dune ecosystem","authors":"Itaii Applebaum, T. Doniger, Y. Steinberger","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10270","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The invasive Australian tree, Acacia saligna, has been the subject of numerous studies investigating its ecological impact. However, the effect of its invasion on the soil free-living nematode population has yet to be researched. In this study, we examined the impact of A. saligna on the soil free-living nematode population in a coastal dune site with a Mediterranean climate during three sampling periods. Soil samples were collected from beneath the canopies of A. saligna trees, the native dominant shrub Retama raetam, and bare soil plots as a control. Our findings reveal that A. saligna increases the density of the soil free-living nematode population and changes its trophic and taxonomic composition. While the nematode diversity and functional index scores did not significantly differ between sampling locations, they did differ between the different sampling times, highlighting the seasonal dynamics of the soil nematode population in Mediterranean sand dunes.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49470292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of short-term growth of mung bean and its incorporation with nitrogen fertiliser on the density of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in soil","authors":"Yayun Zeng, R. Perry, K. Toyota","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10265","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Soybean is attacked by multiple plant-parasitic nematodes and the major ones are soybean cyst nematode (SCN) and root-knot nematodes. Our previous study reported that 2 weeks growth of mung bean and its soil incorporation markedly reduced SCN density in soil via hatching stimulation by mung bean residue. This study aimed: i) to evaluate whether incorporation of mung bean in combination with N fertiliser decreased the density of Meloidogyne incognita, which attacks both soybean and mung bean; and ii) to determine the direct effect of ammonium solutions on M. incognita J2 and hatching. The results showed that after the growth period of mung bean for 2 weeks and 4 weeks of its incorporation, the density of M. incognita was significantly reduced by 54 and 72% in the mung bean treatment with and without N fertiliser (140 mg N (kg soil)−1), respectively, compared with the control. Soil urease activity was significantly higher in the mung bean with N fertiliser than in the control. Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles were less mobile in NH4Cl solutions with 100-250 mg N l−1 than in 0 mg N l−1. Moreover, NH4Cl solutions with 140 mg N l−1 and 250 mg N l−1 significantly inhibited the hatching of M. incognita. This study demonstrated that 2 weeks growth of mung bean may be a potential trap crop for M. incognita and N metabolism might be involved to a certain extent in the suppression of M. incognita.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42218965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aphelenchoides tenuis n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) found in loblolly pine logs imported from the USA","authors":"J. Gu, Yiwu Fang, Xinxin Ma, A. Sánchez-Monge","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10267","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Aphelenchoides tenuis n. sp. found in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) logs imported from the USA, is described. It is characterised by a very slim body (a = 56.8 (45.8-67.2) and 49.1 (42.2-54.2) in males and females, respectively), three incisures in the lateral field, short stylet (9-12 μm), the excretory pore located at the level of nerve ring, the vagina is not sclerotised, the vulva has slightly protruding lips and lacks a flap and the post-uterine sac is well developed, forming ca 36.2 (28.4-48.2)% of the vulva to anus distance. The spicules are smoothly arcuate, the apex and rostrum are rounded and well developed, and the dorsal limb is 23.3 (21.1-25.5) μm long, without a hook-like structure at the distal tip. The male tail bears three pairs (2 + 2 + 2) of caudal papillae. The tail of both sexes is sub-cylindrical, the terminus bearing a bluntly pointed mucron with tiny nodular protuberances. The new species belongs to the Group 2 category of Aphelenchoides species sensu Shahina and is defined as A2-B1/2-C1-D1/2-E2-F2/3 according to the categorisation codes of OEPP/EPPO. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S and 28S D2-D3 of rDNA, along with ITS and mtCOI, confirmed its status as a new species.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44951176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction of soybean cultivars to two races of Meloidogyne enterolobii and their aggressiveness under plastic house conditions","authors":"Jorge B. S. Verssiani, Caio F. B. Souza, P. S. Santos, C. Arias, J. Cares, R. G. Carneiro","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10266","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Limited information is available regarding the susceptibility or resistance of soybean cultivars to Meloidogyne enterolobii. Recently, a new race of this species was detected in Brazil parasitising cotton and soybean. This nematode has the potential to pose a problem in both of these crops, since it is pathogenic and virulent to several economically important plants that have resistance genes to other Meloidogyne species. The aim of this study was to assess the responses of EMBRAPA’s main soybean cultivars with confirmed resistance to M. incognita and M. javanica to the two races of M. enterolobii detected in Brazil. Additionally, this study aimed to characterise the aggressiveness of these nematode races. The experiments were conducted in a plastic house, in a factorial scheme with 16 soybean cultivars × two M. enterolobii races (guava and cotton), totalling 32 treatments × eight replications, and evaluated with two replications over time. Soybean sowing took place in pots containing 1.7 l of a mixture of soil, sand and Bioplant® substrate (1:1:1), previously autoclaved. Each soybean plant was inoculated with 5000 eggs of M. enterolobii. After 75 days for the first experiment, and 90 days for the second, the following variables were evaluated: gall index (GI), egg mass index (EMI), total number of eggs per g root (NEGR) and the reproduction factor (RF). Both races of M. enterolobii showed reproductive ability in all soybean genotypes (with or without known genetic resistance), albeit with moderate to low values in comparison to their reproduction on tomato plants. The race from cotton was considered statistically more aggressive than the guava population on soybean cultivars. Only ‘BRS 7180 IPRO’ was moderately resistant to both races in both experiments. In view of the importance and prospects for expansion of the soybean crop, the findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the resistance and aggressiveness exhibited by the two races of M. enterolobii, Moreover, the study highlights the significant challenge that lies ahead in developing breeding programmes to select soybean genotypes with multiple resistance to Meloidogyne spp.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43849976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterisation of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera ellingtonae Handoo et al., 2012 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) from Bolivia","authors":"S. Subbotin, C. Sainz, Carmen L. Villarroel, J. Franco","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10269","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In 2022, during potato cyst nematode surveys in several departments of Bolivia, the potato cyst nematode Globodera ellingtonae Handoo et al., 2012 was detected for the first time in Bolivia from potato fields located in the Department of Tarija. Cysts and second-stage juveniles of the Bolivian populations were morphologically and morphometrically similar to those of the USA (Oregon and Idaho) and Argentina. Nine new ITS rRNA, 15 COI, 13 cytb gene sequences of G. ellingtonae from ten Bolivian populations were obtained in this study. The phylogenetic analyses of the ITS rRNA and cytb genes showed that all Bolivian sequences clustered together and formed a major clade with other G. ellingtonae sequences from Argentina, Chile and the USA. Molecular results confirmed the hypothesis that the mountain region in southern Bolivia, northwest Argentina and northern Chile could be considered as an ancient centre of origin of G. ellingtonae. The present molecular results suggested that G. ellingtonae was likely introduced into the USA from Chile, rather than from Bolivia and Argentina.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47838429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterisation and redescription of Ficophagus religiosus (Bajaj & Tomar, 2014) Davies & Bartholomaeus, 2015 from Ficus religiosa in India","authors":"Chandramani D. Waghmare, M. R. Khan, V. Somvanshi, Md Niraul Islam, Razia Sultana, Artha Kundu","doi":"10.1163/15685411-bja10264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10264","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A population of Ficophagus was discovered in the syconia of sacred fig (Ficus religiosa) grown in New Delhi (India). Based on morphology, morphometric characters and molecular data, we redescribed the population as Ficophagus religiosus. Here, major morphological characteristics are described in depth, with measurements of the male-female specimens’ taxonomic characters and photomicrography. Ficophagus religiosus can be easily identified by the spiral to J-spiral-shaped body, labial disc not offset, SE pore close to the base of the lip region, stylet length 17.7 (16-19) μm in males, and 19 (15-22) μm in females, a short post-uterine sac of length 8.3 μm (5-10 μm), a spicule with broad and high condylus, capitulum flat or depressed, a small bluntly rounded rostrum, the spicule tip (bluntly rounded or pointed), no cucullus, no gubernaculum, three pairs (P3, P3a, P4) of subventral caudal papillae, and broadly or bluntly rounded tail tip, without mucron. Additionally, new sequence data for the D2-D3 region of 28S rDNA (LSU) and 18S rDNA (SSU) marker genes are provided. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods were used to infer phylogenetic relationships of the Indian population of F. religiosus with other Ficophagus species. Phylogenetic analyses based on D2-D3 and SSU molecular markers resulted in a clear separation of F. religiosus from other Ficophagus species. The present study redescribes the species F. religiosus and provides molecular data to identify and establish phylogenetic relationships with other species.","PeriodicalId":18928,"journal":{"name":"Nematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45197894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}