{"title":"Proportion regulation for division of labor in multi-robot system","authors":"K. Suseki, T. Mizuguchi, K. Sugawara, K. Kosuge","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545400","url":null,"abstract":"Division of labor performed by social insects, such as ants and bees, is one of the most advanced functions that they have evolved. Although individual insects have the same inheritance, they are divided into certain groups in which they play specialized roles. For effective performance, the groups exhibit proportional regulation of population, which implies regulating their population to maintain their proportion; further the proportion of each group is regulated against external disturbances without aid from a special individual. In a multi-robot system, the division of labor is one of the most attractive and useful propositions. This paper addresses the proportion regulation of population in a homogenous multi-robot system, which is inspired by the task allocation practiced by social insects. We propose an extended probability model for proportion regulation, and confirm its performance by numerical simulation. We also experimentally validate its performance using a simple multi-robot system.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128634712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exoskeletons for human power augmentation","authors":"H. Kazerooni","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545451","url":null,"abstract":"The first load-bearing and energetically autonomous exoskeleton, called the Berkeley Lower Extremity Exoskeleton (BLEEX) walks at the average speed of two miles per hour while carrying 75 pounds of load. The project, funded in 2000 by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) tackled four fundamental technologies: the exoskeleton architectural design, a control algorithm, a body LAN to host the control algorithm, and an on-board power unit to power the actuators, sensors and the computers. This article gives an overview of the BLEEX project.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128725725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kagami, Yutaka Takaoka, Yusuke Kida, K. Nishiwaki, T. Kanade
{"title":"Online dense local 3D world reconstruction from stereo image sequences","authors":"S. Kagami, Yutaka Takaoka, Yusuke Kida, K. Nishiwaki, T. Kanade","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545432","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an online 3D reconstruction system from stereo image sequences to obtain a dense local world model for robot navigation. The proposed method consists of three components: 1) stereo depth map calculation, 2) correspondence calculation in time sequential images by tracking raw image features, 3) 6DOF camera motion estimation by RANSAC and integrate depth map into 3D reconstructed model. We examined and evaluated our method in a motion capture environment for comparison. Finally experimental results of a humanoid robot H7 are denoted.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127239447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A design study of a cable-driven hexapod","authors":"Yanto Go, A. Bowling","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545367","url":null,"abstract":"This article illustrates the use of dynamic performance analysis in the design of legged robots, specifically hexapods. This is accomplished by comparing the dynamic performance of a cable-driven hexapod to that of a more conventional design in which the actuators are mounted at the joints. By integrating the actuators into the torso and through the use of cable transmission, the mass and inertias of the legs are reduced in order to attain the high accelerations and backdrivability. The dynamic performance described herein is bounded by the actuator torque limits and the no-slip condition at the ground contact points. The result is a description of how well each hexapod can accelerate its torso without causing slippage at the ground contact points. Although somewhat mixed, the results show some advantage to the use of a cable-driven transmission.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127523971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A multi-modal object attention system for a mobile robot","authors":"A. Haasch, Nils Hofemann, J. Fritsch, G. Sagerer","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545191","url":null,"abstract":"Robot companions are intended for operation in private homes with naive users. For this purpose, they need to be endowed with natural interaction capabilities. Additionally, such robots will need to be taught unknown objects that are present in private homes. We present a multi-modal object attention system that is able to identify objects referenced by the user with gestures and verbal instructions. The proposed system can detect known and unknown objects and stores newly acquired object information in a scene model for later retrieval. This way, the growing knowledge base of the robot companion improves the interaction quality as the robot can more easily focus its attention on objects it has been taught previously.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130663035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real time stiffness display interface device for perception of virtual soft object","authors":"Aiguo Song, D. Morris, J. Colgate, M. Peshkin","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545131","url":null,"abstract":"A novel method based on deformable length of elastic element control (DLEEC) to realize the stiffness display for perception of virtual soft object is proposed, and the stiffness display interface device has been developed and is presented. The stiffness display interface device is composed of a thin elastic beam and an actuator to adjust the length of the beam. The deformation of the beam under a force is proportional to the third power of the beam length. By controlling the beam length, the stiffness display device can reproduce the stiffness of the virtual object from very soft to hard, so that the human fingertip can feel it as if he directly touches with the virtual object by interacting with the device. A real time position control algorithm is employed to guarantee the real time stiffness display.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"688 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132185955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decentralized approach for multi-robot task allocation problem with uncertain task execution","authors":"H. Hanna","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545037","url":null,"abstract":"Existing task allocation methods for multi-robot generally consider the allocation of a task to a robot as a certain source of reward (real reward). In fact, they ignore the impact of the robots' uncertain behaviors on the solution quality and the obtained reward. In environments where task execution is uncertain, a robot can not know, during the allocation phase, whether it will be able to execute all the tasks that are allocated to it. That's why, in many recent and real applications, as planetary rovers, known task allocation mechanisms seem to be insufficient to provide good solutions in the light of uncertainty. In this paper, we address the problem of multi-robot task allocation for situations where task execution is uncertain. We propose an approach that allows robots to take into account the uncertain execution when they are negotiating the allocation of tasks. We decompose the problem into two stages. In the first stage, each robot locally selects tasks it would like to execute, basing its choice on some criterion. Since the resources consumption is uncertain, a criterion to select tasks can not only be the maximization of the robot's reward. We define a new criterion based on the notion of expected reward that provides a good tread-off between the reward of selected tasks and the chances to completely execute these tasks. The task selection mechanism will be formalized by a Markov decision process that allows maximizing the expected reward. In the second stage, an auctioning mechanism is used to allow robots acting in a decentralized way to coordinate their local choices and to allocate tasks.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131706311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Machino, Y. Nanjo, Y. Yanagihara, H. Kawata, S. Iwaki, K. Shimokura
{"title":"Robot-augmented communication: a remote-collaboration system based on a shared field of view in real space","authors":"T. Machino, Y. Nanjo, Y. Yanagihara, H. Kawata, S. Iwaki, K. Shimokura","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545507","url":null,"abstract":"To create a more efficient environment in which to perform remote maintenance, the authors propose a novel collaboration concept, called robot-augmented communication (RAC). In RAC a maintenance robot and an on-site human worker are assisted by another skilled human operator at a remote support center. By emphasizing the intentions of the remote supporter through robot functions that cannot be imitated by humans, RAC can provide effective support for the on-site worker. In the present study, as the first manifestation of RAC, featuring the projection capability of a maintenance robot, a prototype remote-collaboration system named SCOPE (sight collaboration by projection effect) was developed. This system consists of a projector unit with a camera, a multiple control unit (MCU) for video/voice communications, and PCs connected via a network. It has three key functions: creating a shared field of view between a remote supporter and an on-site worker, keeping meta-information related to objects in real space, and projecting meta-information onto the objects. The effectiveness of these functions was evaluated by experiments on two fundamental tasks $\"comprehending a target object\" and \"transmission of instruction details\" nvolved in a typical maintenance operation. The experimental results show that each function is effective in shortening the time taken to perform the maintenance operation.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129265083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Martins, M. Figueiredo, Paulo César Goncalves, M. Alencar, Francisco Alexandre Ribeiro de Alencar
{"title":"Trajectory tracking performance in task space of robot manipulators: an adaptive neural controller design","authors":"N. Martins, M. Figueiredo, Paulo César Goncalves, M. Alencar, Francisco Alexandre Ribeiro de Alencar","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545309","url":null,"abstract":"An adaptive neural network control design for robot manipulators in task space coordinates is provided in this paper. This controller design and a direct adaptive control strategy (passivity-based controller) are simulated for the same trajectory, considering the presence of the friction torques and the influence of payload. Performances are evaluated according to behavior of position tracking, and to trajectory tracking accuracy. The adaptive neural network controller is developed based on a neural network modeling technique which neither requires the evaluation of inverse dynamical model nor the time-consuming training process, and does not require the inverse of the Jacobian matrix.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"147 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128849641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An algorithm for testing object caging condition by multiple mobile robots","authors":"Z. Wang, Y. Hirata, K. Kosuge","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2005.1545378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2005.1545378","url":null,"abstract":"We address the manipulation of planar objects by multiple cooperating mobile robots using the concept of object closure, a condition under which the object is trapped so that there is no feasible path for the object from the given position to any position that is beyond a specified threshold distance. In this paper, we develop a distributed testing algorithm of object caging by multiple cooperative robots. By implementation of a complete testing based on the sufficient and necessary condition of object closure, the proposed algorithm works efficiently even for case to cage an irregular object.","PeriodicalId":189219,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123355696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}