Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Nanoformulation of valsartan-loaded tablet attenuates L-NAME-induced hypertension: role of Nrf2/PPARγ/AT1 signaling pathway.","authors":"Hanan Elimam, Khalid M El-Say, Tarek A Ahmed, Sylvie Marleau, Zakaria El-Khayat, Mona El-Banna, Jihan Hussein","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-03993-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-03993-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension is the most common entity globally, marked by high prevalence and heterogeneous pathophysiology. Oxidative stress is a crucial area of investigation among potential etiologies. We examined the hypothesis that blocking the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor with valsartan (VST) in self-nanoemulsifying delivery systems (SNEDS) and loads in liquisolid tablets (LST-1) or valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide (VST/HCTZ) in SNEDS and loads in liquisolid tablets (LST-2) in comparison with non-SNEDS liquisolid tablets (DCT-3 and DCT-4) would lead to an improvement in hypertension management. The present study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying their effect in N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) orally for three weeks to inhibit the endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide (NO). Concurrent treatment with VST or VST/HCTZ liquisolid tablets (20 mg/kg/day for three weeks) resulted in lowering blood pressure (BP), reversing the L-NAME-induced serum NO suppression, enhancing lipid profile, and improving oxidative status. The antioxidant defense of paraoxonase was significantly increased in the LST-1- and LST-2-treated rats compared to the L-NAME-treated rats by 135% and 90%, respectively. Furthermore, SNEDS-loaded VST or SNEDS-loaded VST/HCTZ liquisolid tablets significantly lowered the elevated level of AT1 (P < 0.05), showed a marked Nrf2 expression (P < 0.01) and overexpressed PPARγ (P < 0.05), and suppressed iNOS expression (P < 0.0001). These results highlight the remarkable benefits of the novel formula, \"SNEDS-loaded VST and SNEDS-loaded VST/HCTZ,\" as an alternative therapy in treating hypertension and its complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticides and testicular health: mechanisms of injury and protective natural products.","authors":"Samar F Darwish, Yasser M Moustafa, Sherif S Abdel Mageed, Ghaneya S Hassan, Safwat Abdelhady Mangoura, Shaza H Aly, Mai A Mansour, Ahmed Amr Raouf, Al-Aliaa M Sallam, Sylvia F Fawzi, Asmaa M Atta, Ola Elazazy, Walaa A El-Dakroury, Aya A El-Demerdash, El-Zahra M Esmat, Mahmoud A Elrebehy, Ahmed S Doghish","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04016-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04016-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In agriculture and public health, insecticides are vital chemicals that help manage diseases and control pests. However, their extensive use has raised concerns about their negative consequences on both humans and animals. Pesticide exposure impacts numerous human organs, including the reproductive system. Infertility is caused by reproductive system disorders, which is why they have received a lot of attention in recent decades. According to what is currently known, insecticides are among the substances that may lower the quality of the semen produced by exposed workers. The mechanisms of this action are still unclear, even though numerous underlying mechanisms have been suggested. With an emphasis on the harmful effects of insecticides on male reproductive processes, this review provides a thorough analysis of the toxicity profile of these substances. To reduce insecticides' negative impacts on human and animal health and to direct future research initiatives, it is essential to comprehend their harmful consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Rutin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles alleviated Freund's adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis via modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in Wistar rats.","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Gravandi, Zahra Pourmanouchehri, Leila Behbood, Sajad Fakhri, Ehsan Mohammadi-Noori, Mohsen Zhaleh, Sahel Shirvani, Amir Kiani, Mohammad Hosein Farzaei","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-03979-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-03979-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Battlegrounds of treatment resistance: decoding the tumor microenvironment.","authors":"Mobina Bayat, Javid Sadri Nahand","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04055-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04055-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tumor microenvironment (TME) emerges as a formidable actor in the cancer treatment landscape, wielding the power to thwart therapeutic efficacy across various modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormonal therapy. This intricate ecosystem comprising diverse cellular constituents, signaling molecules, and the extracellular matrix fosters a dynamic interplay that profoundly influences tumor behavior and treatment outcomes. This review explores the mechanisms through which the TME drives resistance to standard therapies, emphasizing key factors such as hypoxia, immune evasion, and metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, we illuminate innovative strategies aimed at reprogramming this hostile environment, including the application of therapeutic vaccines, CAR T cell therapy, and combination immunotherapies designed to enhance anti-tumor responses. By advocating for multidimensional approaches that dismantle the TME's barriers to effective treatment, this review calls for a transformative shift in cancer treatment paradigms. By bridging the gap between the TME's complexities and targeted therapeutic strategies, we pave the way for targeted interventions that promise to enhance clinical outcomes and improve patient prognosis in the relentless battle against cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric and visual analysis of drug-specific immunotherapy from 1990 to 2024.","authors":"Zhengjiu Cui, Xiaorui Chen, Siming Zhai, Yuanyuan Wang, Chanchan Hu, Bin Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04073-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04073-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is key in allergic diseases, tumor immunity, and autoimmune regulation. In recent years, the mechanism of action of drugs in SIT has attracted much attention, including the induction of hypersensitivity responses and modulation of immune tolerance. However, scientific challenges remain regarding their mechanism of action and optimization strategies. Studies on pharmacological SIT have been accumulated in the past, and there is an urgent need for bibliometric analyses to review and prospect these results for future academic development. Strict search criteria were developed to screen and download literature information from the Web of Science Core Collection. Six elements of the included literature were analyzed and visualized using Citespace, VOSviewer software, and the Bibliometrix package. A total of 682 publications related to the drug SIT were included in this study. The growth trend in the number of publications is evident and entering a new phase with great potential for the future, with the highest total number of citations in 1998. The countries and institutions with the most publications were the USA and the University of Genoa. The author who contributed the most to the field was Incorvaia, Cristoforo. Moreover, Bousquet J was the most influential author. Allergy was considered the leading core source journal, and the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology is the most influential. The reference with the highest outbreak intensity is Roberts G, 2018, Allergy, V73, P765, https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13317 . The analysis of the keywords by the various metrics shows that the research hotspot is the tumor-associated SIT, the cutting-edge topic is the mechanism of action of the drug AIT, and the respiratory SIT application is the cutting-edge hot issue. Drug SIT has made good progress with the joint participation of global research institutions, scientists, and various journals. However, cooperation and communication are weak, and it is necessary to build a new cooperation mode to promote the globalization of research results. We have found the research hotspots and cutting-edge issues in this field, which will guide us to make breakthroughs in a more precise direction and play the important role of drug safety in safeguarding human life and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dexpanthenol on glycerol-induced acute kidney injury by targeting the PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway.","authors":"Fadimana Koyuncu, Filiz Alkaya Solmaz, Kanat Gulle, Ilter Ilhan, Muhammet Yusuf Tepebasi, Eyyup Sabri Ozden, Pakize Kirdemir","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04071-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04071-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhabdomyolysis (RM) can lead to life-threatening myoglobinuric acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite various treatment modalities for AKI, their effectiveness remains limited. Dexpanthenol (DEX) is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic agent with demonstrated protective effects on various tissues. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects and genetic mechanisms of DEX in AKI due to glycerol-induced RM. Thirty-two female Wistar Albino rats weighing between 250-300 g were allocated into four groups of eight rats each. The control group was given five days of intraperitoneal saline. The RM group was treated with an intramuscular injection of 8 ml/kg of 50% glycerol solution. The RM + DEX group was administered an intramuscular injection of 8 ml/kg of 50% glycerol solution and an intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg DEX for five days, starting one hour after glycerol administration. The DEX group was treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg DEX for five days. On the sixth day, rats were sacrificed and kidney tissues were taken. Histopathological analyses were performed on kidney tissue. Biochemical analyses were performed on kidney tissue and blood to evaluate kidney function and oxidative stress (BUN, creatinine, urea, CK, LDH, cystatin C, TAS, TOS, MDA, and CAT). Additionally, PGC-1α and SIRT-3 gene expression levels in kidney tissue were determined by qRT-PCR. All biomarkers significantly increased in the RM group. DEX treatment significantly reduced urea and creatinine levels. The increase in TOS levels and OSI in the RM group was significant compared to the control group, DEX treatment significantly reversed these effects. The RM and RM + DEX groups exhibited RM and nephropathy. Histopathological analysis revealed improvements in the RM + DEX group compared to the RM group. DEX treatment increased the expression of PGC-1α and SIRT-3 in the RM + DEX group. Histopathological and biochemical improvements, including reduced kidney damage and oxidative stress, were observed with DEX treatment and was associated with increased expression of the PGC-1α and SIRT-3 genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clebopride stimulates 5-HT₄-serotonin receptors in the human atrium.","authors":"Lina Maria Rayo Abella, Joachim Neumann, Britt Hofmann, Uwe Kirchhefer, Ulrich Gergs","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04075-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04075-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clebopride resembles in its structural formula metoclopramide. Clebopride, an approved drug, is used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. Here, we tested the hypothesis that clebopride like metoclopramide acts as a partial agonist at human cardiac 5-HT₄-serotonin-receptors. Clebopride enhanced the force of contraction (FOC) in isolated, electrically stimulated (1 Hz) left atrial preparations (LA) from transgenic mice with cardiac specific overexpression of the human 5-HT₄-serotonin receptors (5-HT₄-TG). Subsequently applied GR125487 (1 µM), a specific 5-HT₄-serotonin-receptor antagonist, diminished this positive inotropic effect (PIE) of clebopride in LA from 5-HT₄-TG. Clebopride failed to heighten FOC in LA from littermate wild-type mouse hearts (WT). Clebopride augmented the beating rate in isolated right atrial preparations (RA) from 5-HT₄-TG but unable to do so in RA from WT. Clebopride alone (up to 10 µM) failed to augment FOC in isolated electrically stimulated (1Hz) human right atrial preparations (HAP) obtained during open heart surgery from adult patients with severe coronary heart disease. Interestingly, in the presence of the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor cilostamide, clebopride heightened FOC in HAP. GR125487 attenuated this PIE in HAP. Furthermore, when 1 µM serotonin had raised FOC in HAP, additionally applied 10 µM clebopride diminished FOC in HAP. We conclude that clebopride can act as an agonist and as an antagonist at 5-HT₄-serotonin receptors in the human atrium.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular RNAs: driving forces behind chemoresistance and immune evasion in bladder cancer.","authors":"Mohamed J Saadh, Wael Sheet Hussein, Ali Fawzi Al-Hussainy, Ashok Kumar Bishoyi, M M Rekha, Mayank Kundlas, V Kavitha, Zafar Aminov, Sada Ghalib Taher, Mariem Alwan, Mahmood Jawad, Hiba Mushtaq","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04032-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04032-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder cancer (BCa) is characterized by recurring relapses and the emergence of chemoresistance, especially against standard treatments like cisplatin and gemcitabine. Despite its significance, the molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in BCa remain elusive. Recent studies have revealed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are pivotal regulators of cancer progression and chemoresistance. Through their function as miRNA sponges and protein sequesters, circRNAs modulate the expression of key genes, ultimately driving either drug resistance or sensitivity in BCa. The complex interplay between circRNAs and chemoresistance suggests that they may represent promising therapeutic targets for overcoming treatment resistance in patients with BCa. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of circRNAs' regulatory roles in chemoresistance and provide insights into their potential as therapeutic targets, particularly in the context of cisplatin and gemcitabine resistance. Furthermore, we explore how chemoresistance can also impact tumor immune evasion, thereby affecting the tumor microenvironment. Our findings may pave the way for the advancement of innovative treatment approaches for bladder cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apoptotic and senolytic effects of hERG/Eag1 channel blockers in combination with temozolomide in human glioblastoma cells.","authors":"Bodo Haas, Inken Roth, Luisa Säcker, Maria Wos-Maganga, Lea Beltzig, Bernd Kaina","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-03955-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-03955-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temozolomide (TMZ) concomitant with radiotherapy is the first-line treatment for glioblastoma. However, treatment resistance is frequently observed in patients. Cellular senescence (CSEN) induced by TMZ has been proposed to be one underlying mechanism resulting in resting cells, causing inflammation and possibly recurrences if senescent cells re-enter the cell cycle after treatment. Inhibition of the K⁺ channels human ether-à-go-go type 1 (Eag1) and human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) has shown promising effects in several tumor types including glioblastoma through growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. In the present study, we analyzed the impact of hERG/Eag1 inhibition on apoptosis and CSEN on its own and in combination with TMZ in a panel of human glioblastoma cell lines and primary glioblastoma cells. hERG/Eag1 protein expression was determined by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Cytotoxicity of astemizole and terfenadine alone or in combination with TMZ was assessed by MTT assays. Apoptotic yields were determined by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, and CSEN was quantified by determining SA-β-galactosidase levels through flow cytometry. We observed a similar protein expression of hERG and Eag1 in all glioblastoma cell lines and primary glioblastoma cells. Astemizole and terfenadine were cytotoxic in glioblastoma cells at low micromolar concentrations (5-10 µM range) through induction of apoptosis. In combination with TMZ, both drugs synergistically sensitized glioblastoma cells to TMZ-induced apoptosis. Moreover, astemizole reduced significantly the TMZ-induced CSEN level, indicating its impact on CSEN induction. Here, we show for the first time that blocking hERG/Eag1 channels in glioblastoma cells can relief TMZ-induced CSEN and synergistically ameliorates cytotoxicity through the induction of apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omentin-1 as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in hypertension and heart failure: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Mohammad Yasin Zamanian, Saba Maleki, Enwa Felix Oghenemaro, Mandeep Singh, Maryam Mohammadi, Ahmad Hussen Alkhayyat, Ibrokhim B Sapaev, Parjinder Kaur, Niyousha Shirsalimi, Amritesh Nagarwal","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04008-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04008-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Omentin-1, a novel adipocytokine predominantly secreted by visceral adipose tissue, has emerged as a significant factor in cardiovascular health, particularly regarding hypertension (HTN) and heart failure (HF). This manuscript investigates the multifaceted roles of omentin-1 in these conditions, emphasizing its protective effects on vascular function and its potential as both a biomarker and therapeutic target. Clinical studies indicate that reduced circulating levels of omentin-1 are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and increased cardiovascular risk, while animal studies demonstrate its ability to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction and lower blood pressure. Omentin-1 exerts its beneficial effects through various signaling pathways, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (Akt), thereby promoting vasodilation, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and mitigating inflammation. In the context of HF, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), omentin-1 levels exhibit a negative correlation with diastolic dysfunction and inflammatory markers, suggesting its role in cardiac protection. Additionally, the manuscript discusses the implications of omentin-1 in managing obesity-related cardiovascular diseases and its potential utility as a prognostic marker for adverse outcomes in HF patients. Collectively, omentin-1 represents a promising avenue for research in cardiovascular health, with the potential to inform novel therapeutic strategies aimed at improving outcomes in patients with HTN and HF. Further research is necessary to elucidate the details of omentin-1 function and evaluate its potential in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}