Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Mapping the global landscape of molecular glues in drug discovery: a bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2024.","authors":"Sonali Labhade, Ritesh Bhole, Pawan Karwa, Harshad Kapare, Subhashini Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04630-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04630-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular glues are an emerging class of small molecules that reprogram protein-protein interactions (PPIs), often by recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligases to neosubstrates, leading to targeted protein degradation. This bibliometric analysis systematically maps the molecular glue research landscape between 2010 and 2024, using the Dimensions database and visualization tools (VOSviewer and Bibliometrix). After screening, a curated set of 2491 publications was analyzed to assess trends in annual growth, geographic distribution, institutional output, author networks, and thematic hotspots. Results show rapid post-2020 expansion, driven by advances in structural biology, chemoproteomics, and computational design. The USA and China dominate in both productivity and collaboration networks, with European nations acting as strategic bridges and emerging contributors such as India, Japan, and South Korea showing thematic specialization. Beyond oncology-the dominant field-applications are expanding into neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. Distinctive features of this study include pharmacology-focused tagging of E3 ligases (e.g., CRBN, DCAF15, RNF114), neosubstrates (IKZF1/3, RBM39, BRD4), and translational signals (clinical-phase and patient-linked studies). By capturing 2024 publications and providing therapeutic and mechanistic stratifications, this analysis complements earlier bibliometric studies and highlights opportunities for global collaboration, disease diversification, and translational development of molecular glues.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring myricetin: A comprehensive review of its pharmacological potential, formulation strategies, and clinical outlook.","authors":"Amita Devi, Atul Kabra, Abdulaziz S Saeedan, Mohd Nazam Ansari","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04648-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04648-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flavonoids, a diverse group of polyphenolic compounds found abundantly in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, are renowned for their wide-ranging health benefits and therapeutic potential. Among them, myricetin, a naturally occurring flavonol, has emerged as a bioactive compound of significant pharmacological interest. This review provides a consolidated overview of myricetin, beginning with its methods of isolation from various plant sources, such as Diospyros kaki, Myrica rubra, and Rosa canina, and a detailed account of its in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Despite its promising bioactivities, the poor physicochemical properties of myricetin, such as its low aqueous solubility, stability, and limited bioavailability, pose substantial barriers to its clinical application. To address these challenges, this review highlights recent advancements in nanoformulation strategies, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanostructured lipid carriers, polymeric nanoparticles, nanogels, micelles, and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, that enhance the pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic efficacy of these methods. Furthermore, toxicological evaluations are discussed to assess its safety, supported by findings from preclinical studies. Additionally, the review summarizes the current status of clinical trials and highlights recent advancements in intellectual property through an analysis of granted patents related to myricetin. Notably, there is currently no review that comprehensively integrates all these aspects of myricetin. This study seeks to address this void by providing a unified and current perspective on the progression of myricetin from being a natural bioactive compound to being a viable candidate for therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribute to Alberto J. Kaumann.","authors":"Torsten Christ, Ursula Ravens","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04708-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04708-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarises the major contributions of Alberto J. Kaumann who died in December 2024. The German-born pharmacologist devoted his scientific life to the cardiovascular adrenergic and serotinergic systems. He classified the subtypes of the cardiac β-adrenoceptors (β-AR) into β₁- and β₂-AR using the subtype-selective antagonist. In addition, he showed that the dual coupling of β₂-AR to Gα_s- and Gα_i-proteins plays a minor role in the healthy heart. He also found that the positive inotropic effect of serotonin (5-HT) was not mediated by release of noradrenaline, but due to activation of a specific 5-HT receptor coupled to Gα_s-proteins. His experiments with prostaglandin-E₁ demonstrated an increase in cAMP and spontaneous beating frequency of the heart in the absence of a positive inotropic effect, suggesting a compartmentation of cAMP. This finding was later verified by experiments with subtype-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Last not least, he explained the antiarrhythmic effect of sotalol by prolongation of the cardiac action potential duration, providing for the first time, what was years later to be defined as class III antiarrhythmic action. With Alberto Kaumann, we have lost a colleague and friend who had dedicated his life to science and music.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METTL3/IGF2BP3 axis promotes gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer cells through regulating USP33-mediated PAK1 deubiquitination and degradation.","authors":"Ling He, Xiongbing Li, Yaolan Zhen, Jiao He, Chao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04575-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04575-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although gemcitabine (GEM) is the standard of care for most patients with pancreatic cancer (PC), its efficacy is limited by resistance development. Furthermore, p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1) has been demonstrated to be involved in regulating the development of PC with GEM resistance. This study is designed to explore the role and mechanism of PAK1 in the GEM resistance of PC cells. PAK1, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 33 (USP33), methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), and insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) mRNA levels were detected using RT-qPCR. PAK1, MDR1, MRP1, USP33, METTL3, and IGF2BP3 protein levels were examined by western blot. GEM resistance, cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were assessed using MTT, EdU, flow cytometry, transwell, and wound healing assays. After ubibrowser database analysis, the interaction between USP33 and PAK1 was verified using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. Meanwhile, the interaction between METTL3 and USP33 m6A was analyzed using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)-qPCR and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. A xenograft model analyzed the effects of PAK1 on GEM resistance of PC in vivo. PAK1 was upregulated in GEM-resistant PC tissues and cells. PAK1 knockdown enhanced cell sensitivity to GEM; repressed cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, USP33 triggered the deubiquitination of PAK1 and prevented its degradation. METTL3 stabilized USP33 mRNA through the m6A-IGF2BP3-dependent mechanism and naturally increased USP33 expression. USP33 silencing increased the drug sensitivity of PC in vivo. METTL3 supports GEM resistance of PC cells partly by regulating USP33-mediated PAK1 deubiquitination, providing a promising therapeutic target for GEM-resistant PC cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality by design approach for optimization, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of compression-spheronized itopride hydrochloride loaded gastroretentive pellets for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.","authors":"Rameshwar Dass, Pooja Rani, Dinesh Kumar, Neeraj Choudhary, Sunidhi Lohan, Syed Mahmood, Meenakshi Bhatia","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04728-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04728-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common disorder with a significantly high global prevalence. Prokinetic drugs are commonly recommended for the treatment of gastric reflux, in addition to antacids and antisecretory agents. Itopride hydrochloride, a prokinetic agent, acts as a D2 receptor antagonist and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, improving GERD symptoms. The objective of this study was to develop a floating-type gastroretentive drug delivery system, which was further evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies. Itopride hydrochloride-loaded gastroretentive pellets were prepared using pelletization followed by spheronization. The preparation of itopride-loaded gastroretentive pellets was optimized using a central composite experimental design (3²), varying the concentrations of ethylcellulose and Eudragit S100 as independent variables, while floating time and percentage of drug release were considered dependent variables.The optimized batch was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was then evaluated for mucoadhesion, in vivo gastric retention, and bioavailability in rabbits. The in vitro drug release from the optimized pellet formulation exhibited approximately 97.84% release over 10 h and maintained buoyancy for up to 9 h. In vivo gastric residence time was observed to be 6 h, with a bioavailability of 52.87 ± 0.15 µg/mL/h. Based on in vitro and in vivo findings, the developed gastroretentive mucoadhesive pellet formulation presents a promising drug delivery system for the treatment of GERD, potentially enhancing drug efficacy through prolonged gastric retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of antiemetic potential of schaftoside through modulation of dopaminergic, serotonergic and muscarinic signaling pathways: in vivo and in silico investigations.","authors":"Md Shakil Ahmmed, Rakib Hossan, Tawfik Rakaiyat Ripu, Towfiqur Rahman, Mohammad Y Alshahrani, Emon Mia, Proma Mandal, Md Sakib Al Hasan, Md Mizanur Rahaman, Muhammad Torequl Islam","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04714-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04714-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schaftoside (SCF), a natural flavonoid present in numerous plants, exhibits diverse physiological and pharmacological properties. This study explores the antiemetic effects of SCF in response to copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄.5H₂O)-induced vomiting, employing both in vivo and in silico methods. To induce emesis in chicks, CuSO₄.5H₂O (50 mg/kg) was administered orally. SCF was tested at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg and compared to standard antiemetics domperidone (DOM-6 mg/kg), ondansetron (OND-5 mg/kg), and hyoscine (HYO-21 mg/kg). The control group received a vehicle, while additional groups received drug combinations to assess synergy or antagonism. Molecular docking and ligand-receptor interactions targeting D₂, D₃, 5HT₃, and M₁-M₅ receptors were analyzed, and SCF's pharmacokinetics (PKs), drug-likeness, and toxicity were evaluated. SCF showed antiemetic effects at higher doses (20 mg/kg), reducing retching (1.8 ± 0.41) and increasing latency (67.6 ± 2.63 s) compared to the vehicle. SCF also enhanced the efficacy of DOM, OND and HYO. The molecular docking results indicated that SCF binds strongly, particularly at M₄ (- 9.7 kcal/mol), with higher affinity than all reference drugs except D₃. Our findings indicate that SCF exerts potent antiemetic effects by modulating the D₂, 5HT₃ and muscarinic receptor pathways. PKs and toxicity profiling revealed that SCF possesses favorable drug-likeness characteristics, good water solubility, moderate skin permeability, favorable metabolic and excretory characteristics as well as promising safety profile. Despite some lacking in PKs properties, its safety profile and efficacy in behavioral models support SCF as a promising candidate for antiemetic drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral and neuroprotective activity of diallyl disulfide in Japanese encephalitis virus-challenged SH-SY5Y cells: a post-treatment approach for greater specificity.","authors":"Rishu Kumar, Selamu Kebamo Abate, Vaishali Yadav, Suman Sinha, Bhaskaranand Pancholi, Raja Babu, Bibhash Chandra Mohanta, Debapriya Garabadu","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04603-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04603-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the most common viral encephalitis caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), primarily affecting children. Currently, there is no approved and effective antiviral drug against JEV infection. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) exerts antiviral activity against dengue virus, one of the Flavivirus. To establish the antiviral and neuroprotective potential of DADS against JEV. The present study explored the neuroprotective and antiviral activities of DADS in JEV-challenged SH-SY5Y cells in pre-, post-, and co-treatment approaches. Further, the study also investigated the nature of interaction between DADS and four drug targets of JEV such as envelope protein, NS3 helicase, NS3 protease, and NS5 RdRp using virtual screening. In plaque yield reduction assay, DADS significantly reduced plaque titer by 59.8% in post-treatment with median inhibitory concentrations of 165.8 µM. A similar antiviral effect was observed in an immunocytochemistry assay in post-infection treatment mode. The in vitro antiviral activity of DADS was further supported by its robust binding affinity for NS3 Helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, highlighting DADS as a multi-target therapeutic agent. Significant neuroprotective activity was also observed in post-treatment methods, with cell viability of 75.87%, 79.15%, and 85.05% at 50, 100, and 200 µM concentrations, respectively. The observed neuroprotective activities of the drug may be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activity in JEV-challenged cells. The network pharmacology analysis revealed key hub genes, including PTGS2, MAPK3, CCR2, MAOs, and DRD2, which may serve as drug targets for DADS to modulate JEV-induced immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation. This study has provided insight into the antiviral and neuroprotective potential of DADS against JEV. However, further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to develop the drug as a therapeutic agent for the management of JE.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic bibliometric and visualized analysis of global research trends, impact, emerging areas, and hotspots of artificial intelligence in personalized medicine.","authors":"Arwa M Al-Dekah","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04732-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04732-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have significantly impacted the field of medicine. An increasing amount of evidence supports their use in personalized medicine research. This trend necessitates a thorough review of the growing literature to assist researchers in understanding the subject. This study aims to comprehensively analyze and systematically chart the research trends, influence, emerging areas, and key hotspots related to AI and ML in personalized medicine literature. The bibliometric and visualized analysis was conducted systematically using the data taken from the Scopus database. Bibliometric indicators were assessed using Microsoft Excel 365, VOSviewer, and the Bibliometrix R package. A total of 3719 articles were identified, accumulating 88,351 citations with a 42.1% annual growth rate. The yearly publication findings reveal notable upward trends over the last 19 years, peaking in 2024. The USA led in publication volume (38.8%). Harvard Medical School was a top institution. Leading researchers in this field are Michael R. Kosorok (20 articles). Journal of Personalized Medicine ranks highest among articles (69 articles). The authors' keyword analysis identified \"deep learning,\" \"biomarkers,\" and \"radiomics\" as hot research topics. The field of personalized medicine is moving revolutionarily, with AI and ML solutions paving their way and resulting in more research collaboration globally and advancing methodologies at a rapid pace. This study offers a broad knowledge framework, emphasizing significant developments and future directions. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and funding bodies to support interdisciplinary collaborations and future innovation in AI-driven personalized healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MUC1 promotes NSCLC progression by regulating ICAM-1-mediated mitochondria transfer from tCAFs to cancer cells.","authors":"Feifan Ji, Donglian Wang, Jingguang Jin, Jin Zhang, Lingyu Guan","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04672-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04672-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer-associated fibroblasts (tCAFs) promote non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression through cargo exchange with cancer cells. Mucin 1 (MUC1) initiates actin-mediated cytoskeleton protrusion movement to promote mitochondrial transfer. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether MUC1 regulates mitochondrial transfer from tCAFs to NSCLC cells. The results showed that lung cancer patients with high MUC1 expression had a poor prognosis, and MUC1 protein was significantly enriched in exosomes (EXOs) derived from tCAFs. A549 cells were treated with conditioned medium (CM) or EXOs derived from tCAFs or co-cultured with tCAFs in contact or non-contact ways. Both CM and EXOs promoted the proliferation and invasion and inhibited apoptosis in A549 cells, while MUC1-interfered EXOs inhibited A549 cell proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, non-contact co-culture of tCAFs and A549 cells promoted proliferation, invasion, and colony formation of A549 cells, and contact co-culture further promoted malignant phenotype of A549 cells and enhanced mitochondrial function in A549 cells. Mechanism studies revealed that MUC1 promotes mitochondrial transfer from tCAFs to A549 cells by interacting with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1), promoting malignant phenotype of A549 cells. ICAM1 interference counteracted the effect of EXO protein MUC1 on A549 cells. Finally, lung cancer xenograft tumor models were constructed and found that EXO protein MUC1 promoted lung cancer tumor growth in vivo, while ICAM1 interference inhibited tumor growth. In conclusion, MUC1 is enriched in EXOs derived from tCAFs and promotes NSCLC progression by regulating ICAM1-mediated mitochondria transfer from tCAFs to cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of clinical trials on drugs targeting dopamine receptors: a scoping review.","authors":"Thomas Rajan, Roland Seifert","doi":"10.1007/s00210-025-04710-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04710-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dopamine receptors are G protein-coupled transmembrane proteins that mediate dopamine-dependent neurotransmission in the central nervous system via intracellular signaling cascades. Through their involvement in motor and cognitive processes, they are involved in various neurological diseases and their symptoms, including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. The pharmacological modification or antagonization of dopamine receptors is therefore highly relevant. Dopamine receptors have been studied across diverse conditions, yet the resulting clinical evidence is scattered and highly heterogeneous, with no structured synthesis to date. This fragmentation limits the ability to evaluate the broader clinical relevance of dopamine receptor modulation, and a synthesis of these heterogenous trials represents a research gap. By systematically mapping and summarizing available trials, this review provides an integrated overview and highlights areas where further research is needed. The aim of this scoping review was to analyze current and completed clinical studies on dopamine receptors. Because the field of dopamine receptor-targeted therapies is broad, complex, and not yet systematically mapped, a scoping review offers the methodological flexibility to capture this diversity and synthesize current knowledge. ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for trials on dopamine receptors. Studies with a focus on any dopamine receptor were included, while studies employing dopamine receptors and related medications as comparators were excluded. Search results were evaluated based on the condition, the type of intervention, the study location, the sponsor, and the outcome. Two hundred forty-five. trials on dopamine receptors were identified. One hundred ninety-two (78.4%) trials were interventional trials and 53 (21.6%) were observational studies. Ten trials were terminated before completion. More than one-third of the studies (38.3%) were conducted in the USA. Most trials (n = 151) were sponsored by sponsors other than industrial or governmental entities, primarily by clinics and medical centers of universities. The most frequent indication was schizophrenia (n = 20, 8.0%), followed by Parkinson's disease (n = 18, 7.2%), tobacco abuse (n = 8, 3.2%), alcoholism (n = 7, 2.8%), and other substance abuse (n = 7, 2.8%). Thirty-eight trials (15.5%) were classified as \"Has results,\" while for 207 trials (84.5%), no results were available. Of the trials with results, 17 had publications in which the results were reported, with 20 studies published in total. While numerous trials have been conducted on dopamine receptors, the outcome from these studies in terms of scientific publications is low. The reasons for this low output must be investigated in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18876,"journal":{"name":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}