Molecular Vision最新文献

{"title":"Ginger extract and selenium supplementation: A promising approach to improve diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Xiaohan Huang, Jing Li, Shaohua Tang, Jing Xu, Jiong Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy results from damage to small blood vessels and retinal neurons due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and overexpression of TRPM2 and TRPV1. Hence, inhibition of these events by ginger and selenium may reduce diabetes-induced ocular damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of ginger, selenium, and their combinations on apoptosis, inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative damage, and the expression of TRPM2 and TRPV1.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two adult male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups as follows: control, diabetes, diabetes-ginger (100 mg/kg), diabetes-selenium (50, 100, and 150 µg/kg), and diabetes-ginger (100 mg/kg)-selenium (50, 100, and 150 µg/kg).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diabetes increased the expression of protein and genes of TRPM2 and TRPV1, and it induced oxidative damage by increasing malondialdehyde levels and decreasing superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase enzyme activities. Diabetes induced apoptosis by increasing BAX and caspase-3 gene expression and decreasing Bcl2 in eye tissue when compared to the control group. However, treatment with ginger (100 mg/kg), selenium (50, 100, and 150 µg/kg), and their combinations improved these situations in the diabetic groups compared to the diabetic group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diabetes induced retinopathy by inducing oxidative damage, inflammation, apoptosis, and upregulation of TRPM2 and TRPV1. However, treatments with selenium, ginger, and their combinations improved diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis and downregulating protein and gene expression of TRPM2 and TRPV1. The results of this study suggest that ginger and selenium can be a good treatment to inhibit the progression of diabetic retinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18866,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Vision","volume":"31 ","pages":"396-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of sortilin reduces neuronal and vascular damage after ischemia/reperfusion through reduced inflammatory and autophagy actions in retinal Müller cells.","authors":"Li Liu, Youde Jiang, Jena J Steinle","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Our goal was to explore whether inhibition of sortilin could protect the retina against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage, as well as explore whether this inhibition could reduce inflammatory mediators in retinal Müller cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used both primary human Müller cells and a rat Müller cell line (rMC-1) grown in normal (5 mM) or high (25 mM) glucose. Some cells were treated with AF38469, a small-molecule inhibitor of sortilin. We performed western blotting for the inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor α, and NOD-like receptor protein 3. We also measured protein levels of lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 (LAMP2), a marker of autophagy, and cleaved caspase 3, a marker of apoptosis, in the cells. We then tested the actions of eye drops containing AF38469 on mice exposed to I/R. We assessed neuronal damage at 2 days post-I/R and vascular damage at 10 days post-I/R.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High-glucose culturing conditions significantly increased inflammatory, autophagic, and apoptotic markers in both primary human Müller and rat Müller cells. All markers were reduced by treating the cells with AF38469. AF38469 eye drops also significantly reduced I/R-induced neuronal and vascular damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These studies demonstrate that sortilin regulates the inflammatory, autophagic, and apoptotic pathways in Müller cells grown in high glucose. Inhibition of sortilin using AF38469 eye drops also reduced I/R-induced retinal damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":18866,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Vision","volume":"31 ","pages":"359-366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitazoxanide reduced inflammatory markers and mitochondrial changes in human retinal endothelial cells grown in high glucose.","authors":"Youde Jiang, Neeraja Purandare, Li Liu, Mohamed Al-Shabrawey, Lawrence I Grossman, Jena J Steinle","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether nitazoxanide (NZT) can increase mitochondrial nuclear retrograde regulator 1 (MNRR1) in retinal endothelial cells (RECs) grown in normal or high glucose and thereby reduce inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used control and diabetic human retinal protein samples, control and diabetic mouse retinal samples, and RECs grown in normal (5 mM) and high (25 mM) glucose protein samples to explore levels of MNRR1, high mobility group box 1, interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and Tom20 by western blotting. We used immunostaining to localize MNRR1 in the retina. We also used a Seahorse XF^e24 Bioanalyzer to measure the oxygen consumption rate in RECs under different conditions. Some cells were treated with NZT to increase MNRR1 levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MNRR1 protein levels were reduced in the diabetic retina of both humans and mice. MNRR1 was localized to RECs. RECs grown in normal or high glucose and treated with NZT had significantly higher MNRR1 levels. NZT reduced inflammatory markers in RECs grown in high glucose. NZT increased the oxygen consumption rate in RECs grown in high glucose, which was associated with an increase in Tom20.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MNRR1 is reduced in the diabetic retina. NZT increased MNRR1 levels in RECs. NZT protected RECs grown in high glucose by reducing inflammatory mediators and mitochondrial dysfunction and increasing mitochondrial mass. NZT may offer a new therapeutic option for diabetic retinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18866,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Vision","volume":"31 ","pages":"351-357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into foveal hypoplasia: development, genetics, mechanisms, and models.","authors":"Kevin Gregory-Evans, Cheryl Y Gregory-Evans","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fovea is an anatomic specialization of the human retina critical for high visual acuity, color vision, and contrast sensitivity. The molecular and cellular pathways directing this focal topography are still to be determined. Abnormalities of the fovea (e.g., foveal hypoplasia in children) are considered a significant contributor to reduced quality of life. In addition, the fovea is often damaged in common retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, with a global economic burden of $500 billion USD. Currently, there are no treatments for foveal defects. Most genes contributing to foveal abnormalities have been identified but are yet to be characterized and studied. This is because common laboratory animals do not have a fovea, and only rare human tissue samples are available during the major phase of foveal maturation, from birth to the end of the fourth year of life. We discuss validation of the anole lizard, which has a foveal structure, for research studies into foveal development. Since foveal development continues after birth, it may be possible to stimulate new foveal maturation where there is developmental damage. From this review, we propose an evidence-based cellular mechanism that offers new possibilities for testing future therapies for foveal defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18866,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Vision","volume":"31 ","pages":"319-343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy induced changes in neutrophil activation markers.","authors":"Fátima Sofía Magaña-Guerrero, Alan Chew Bonilla, Beatriz Buentello-Volante, Norma Angelica Magaña-Guerrero, Oscar Vivanco-Rojas, Alfredo Domínguez-López, Antonio López-Bolaños, Federico Graue-Wiechers, Yonathan Garfias","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microangiopathic complication of diabetes mellitus, is a leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults and older individuals. While the etiology of DR is not fully understood, it is strongly linked to systemic and local inflammation. Systemic immune-inflammation indices, such as the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, are useful predictors of diabetes mellitus-related diseases and inflammatory complications. In addition to systemic markers, local inflammatory molecules and immune cells, particularly neutrophils and their associated inflammatory mechanisms, play crucial roles in DR pathogenesis. Cumulative evidence indicates a concentration of inflammatory mediators in the vitreous humor, making its analysis a valuable tool for investigating retinal complications. This study aimed to identify differential cytokine expression in the vitreous humor of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to determine the impact of these vitreous samples on neutrophil activation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Vitreous samples were collected during vitrectomy from patients with DME (n = 8), patients with PDR (n = 15), and surrogate controls (n = 8; rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, n = 5; macular hole, n = 3). Undiluted vitreous samples from the central vitreous cavity were analyzed individually via an angiogenic cytokine protein array at a concentration of 250 mg/ml of vitreous proteins. Cytokine levels were normalized to those of surrogate controls, and fold changes were calculated. For in vitro neutrophil stimulation, peripheral blood was incubated with diluted vitreous from different conditions, and neutrophil activation markers (CD15, CD11b, and CD66b) were assessed via flow cytometry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study revealed increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio values in patients with PDR and DME compared with controls (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Compared with those from controls, the vitreous from patients with PDR presented a twofold increase in the expression of the inflammatory cytokines CCL2, CXCL5, and angiogenin. Notably, compared with the control vitreous humor, the PDR vitreous humor significantly downregulated the neutrophil activation markers CD11b and CD15 (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), while CD66b expression remained unchanged (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). The DME vitreous did not significantly change any of the analyzed neutrophil activation markers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study highlights the importance of inflammation and its components in the pathophysiology and progression of DR and suggests that CCL2, CXCL5, and angiogenin are potential therapeutic targets for PDR. Our results also suggest that vitreous fluid from patients with PDR contains immunosuppressive or exhaustion-inducing factors that may alter neutrophil function and inflam","PeriodicalId":18866,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Vision","volume":"31 ","pages":"368-378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor glycemic control impairs recovery from central retinal vein occlusion.","authors":"Konstantin Y Gushansky, Petteri Karesvuo, Raimo Tuuminen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the association between suboptimal glycemic control and central macular thickness in central retinal vein occlusion patients over a 1-year follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with central retinal vein occlusion diagnosed at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, with HbA1c levels measured within 6 months before or at diagnosis. Patients were divided into two groups: those with good (≤42 mmol/mol) and poor glycemic control (>42 mmol/mol). Central macular thickness and best-corrected visual acuity were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 40 patients, 10 had suboptimal glycemic control. At 3 months and 1 year, central macular thickness was significantly higher in the poor glycemic control group compared with the good glycemic control group (367.0 ± 43.3 µm vs. 288.2 ± 36.6 µm, <i>p</i> = 0.016 and 380.8 ± 44.8 µm vs. 302.0 ± 71.3 µm, <i>p</i> = 0.035, respectively). HbA1c levels correlated with central macular thickness at 3 months (<i>R</i> ² = 0.514, <i>p</i> = 0.045) but did not reach statistical significance at 1 year (<i>R</i> ² = 0.246, <i>p</i> = 0.071).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Poor glycemic control in patients with central retinal vein occlusion is associated with greater central macular thickness at both 3 months and 1 year. These findings emphasize the importance of optimal glycemic control to improve retinal outcomes in central retinal vein occlusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":18866,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Vision","volume":"31 ","pages":"345-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variants through exome sequencing in Spanish patients affected by primary congenital glaucoma and juvenile open-angle glaucoma.","authors":"Javier Laguna, Sara Labay-Tejado, Míriam Potrony, Laura Pinyol, Cristina Vendrell, Aurora Sánchez, Celia Badenas, Valeria Opazo-Toro, Meritxell Jodar, Elena Milla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the genetic characteristics using whole-exome sequencing (WES), aiming to assess the potential of this approach for accurate diagnoses and to explore the genetic factors underlying these conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 28 patients, including 6 with primary congenital glaucoma and 22 with juvenile open-angle glaucoma, were studied. Genetic analysis involved initial Sanger sequencing for the <i>CYP1B1</i> and <i>MYOC</i> genes. WES was subsequently performed in 11 patients with negative initial results, using a panel of genes most associated with glaucoma and related ophthalmic syndromes. Variant interpretation was performed based on American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Segregation analysis was performed when possible.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathogenic variants in <i>CYP1B1</i> and <i>MYOC</i> genes were identified in three patients (10%). WES identified disease-causing variants in three additional patients (27% of those with negative results from the initial testing conducted so far), all of them with syndromic features. In families where segregation analysis was possible, variants were confirmed to segregate with the clinical presentation. The diagnostic yield was 21%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WES is an effective diagnostic tool for early-onset glaucoma, enhancing clinical management and genetic counseling. It supports its use in routine diagnostics to enable early detection and intervention for at-risk relatives. Further research is needed to uncover additional genetic factors and refine testing guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":18866,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Vision","volume":"31 ","pages":"306-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genotype-phenotype association of retinitis pigmentosa in a Chinese population: Analysis of three new cases and literature review.","authors":"Jianing Liu, Mengmeng Han, Xiao Zhang, Miaomiao Li, Shiguo Liu, Nan Jiang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited heterogeneous neurodegenerative retinal disease leading to blindness eventually. Currently, a large number of studies have explored its heterogeneity, but the genotype-phenotype correlation remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore genetic mutations and the correlation between genotype-phenotype in three RP families from the Chinese Han population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood samples of patients and their relatives and subjected to whole-exome and Sanger sequencing. The corresponding visual acuity and fundus examinations were also performed, including fundus photography and ophthalmologic examinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, three novel variants, including <i>CERKL</i> c.1482delT (p.Val495fs*), <i>RPRH2</i> c.-5_3dup (p.Ala2Glufs*6), and <i>RPGR</i> c.1539del (p.Lys513Asnfs*), and a heterozygous mutation c.239-2A>G from three families were identified from three inheritance formats. All above variants were cosegregated, with the <i>PRPH2</i> variant inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, the <i>CERKL</i> variants in an autosomal recessive pattern, and the <i>RPGR</i> variant in an X-chromosome-linked recessive pattern, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study laid the foundation for prenatal diagnosis of RP in three family pedigrees, offering a comprehensive understanding of the genetic and clinical characteristics of patients with RP, which provided theoretical support for addressing complex genetic heterogeneity to enable accurate prenatal screening and diagnosis, early detection, and treatment of RP.</p>","PeriodicalId":18866,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Vision","volume":"31 ","pages":"282-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA amplification from osmicated, plastic-embedded eye tissues.","authors":"Jessica K Niggel, Gustavo D Aguirre, Leonardo Murgiano","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In the premolecular era, mammalian samples were embedded in epoxy resin blocks, such as Epon or Poly/Bed, for future evaluation by electron microscopy. However, use of these archival specimens for more modern mutation characterization studies can be challenging. The aim of this study was to determine if genomic DNA could be extracted from osmicated archival epoxy-embedded tissues to a quality suitable for short-amplicon PCR amplification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected nine archived Epon, Araldite, or Poly/Bed embedded blocks of mammalian retinal and corneal tissue that were ~10 mm in length, embedded in the 1970s to 1990s, and had an extensive phenotypic description. Tissues were fixed in several combinations of glutaraldehyde and osmium before embedding. The blocks were shaved of excess resin, fragmented, and digested using an epoxy resin removal solution. The softened plastic was cut with a scalpel, washed, drained, and incubated at 56 °C overnight in a tissue lysis solution containing Proteinase K. Trizol was added to the samples, which were further mechanically homogenized. Chloroform was added, and the samples were centrifuged at 4 °C and 12,000 <i>g</i>. Upon phase separation, the upper clear phase was removed, 95% EtOH was added, the mix was filtered through a mini-genomic DNA extraction column and washed twice, and DNA was eluted with 10 mM Tris-HCL. Following final removal of phenol contamination using water-saturated ether, the purified DNA was quantified and used for PCR amplification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extraction success was tested by targeted PCR amplification using primers that produced amplicons 90 to 260 bp in length and targeted genes relevant for inherited eye studies (progressive rod-cone degeneration-<i>PRCD</i>; rhodopsin<i>-RHO</i>; glucuronidase beta<i>-GUSB1</i>), plus an additional control gene receptor accessory protein 1 (<i>REEP1</i>). All but one of the epoxy-embedded eye samples were successfully amplified. Sanger sequencing confirmed the gene identity of amplified products.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By identifying methods to extract DNA from osmicated epoxy-embedded mammalian eye tissues, our results provide a valuable resource for determining the genetic basis of inherited diseases and for retroactively confirming molecular diagnoses based on microscopic analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18866,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Vision","volume":"31 ","pages":"297-304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraocular pressure distribution in old and young cynomolgus monkeys following general anesthesia and mydriasis.","authors":"Jinan Zhan, Zhidong Li, Guitong Ye, Yuan Zhang, Kezhe Chen, Rui Xie, Wei Liu, Jian Wu, Yingting Zhu, Yehong Zhuo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP) distribution of cynomolgus monkeys in different age groups after anesthesia and mydriasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 158 young and 252 old cynomolgus monkeys, aged 3.95 (1.61; range, 1.38 to 5.97) and 18.80 (1.67; range, 15.21 to 24.69) years, respectively, were subjected to general anesthesia (intramuscular injection of Zoletil 4 mg/kg mixed with xylazine/ketamine 0.2 mg/kg). IOP was measured using an Icare tonometer at three time points: immediately following the onset of anesthesia, after stabilization but before mydriasis, and after mydriasis (induced by 1% tropicamide eye drops).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed between sexes or between eyes within the <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> colony. After anesthesia stabilization but before mydriasis, the IOP of the old <i>M. fascicularis</i> colony was 22.33 mm Hg (4.12; range, 12.33 to 37.33), whereas the IOP of the young <i>M. fascicularis</i> colony was 16.67 mm Hg (4.00; range, 10.67 to 25.67). After mydriasis, the IOP of the old <i>M. fascicularis</i> colony was 19.33 mm Hg (5.00; range 11.33 to 33.00), while the IOP of the young <i>M. fascicularis</i> colony was 15.67 mm Hg (4.50; range, 9.67 to 24.00). All measurements were conducted with the monkeys in a prone position. Notably, both the young and old colonies experienced a significant decrease in IOP after mydriasis (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Moreover, the reduction observed in the young colony was significantly greater than that in the old colony (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The IOP levels of the old <i>M. fascicularis</i> colony were higher than those of the young one, regardless of whether it was after anesthesia, before mydriasis, or after mydriasis. Furthermore, monkeys of different age groups had different reductions in IOP under different interventions (anesthesia, mydriasis). Additionally, within the <i>M. fascicularis</i> colony, IOP was equivalent between males and females, as well as between the right and left eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18866,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Vision","volume":"31 ","pages":"276-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}