Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences最新文献

{"title":"PHYTOPLANKTON PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY","authors":"V. Shcherbak, N. Korniychuk","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.34-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.34-44","url":null,"abstract":"Primary productivity is an important integral parameter describing energy potential of aquatic organisms’ vital activity. Primary productivity determines the quality of water environment, its self- purifying capacity – from the Global Ocean to various continental ecosystems (Odum 1953, Williams et al. 2002, Bott et al. 2006, Kuehl and Troelstrup 2013). \u0000Primary productivity is a bioenergy process transforming  the  solar  energy  into  the  energy  of chemical bonds in organic matter, newly synthesized by the autotrophic link. The autotrophic link is mainly formed by algae from different ecological groups (phytoplankton, phytobenthos, phytoperiphyton) and higher aquatic plants. \u0000As any process of energy production and transition, primary production in aquatic ecosystems is regulated by the laws of  thermodynamics:  the  first law –  the  Lomonosov-Lavoisier  law,  the  second law –  the  entropy law (Odum 1953).  It is  necessary  to state  clearly,  that green plants do  not transform the total amount of the  Sun’s  radiant energy,  but only  a part of  it,  within  the  spectral range between 480 and 720 nm (within the wavelength band of photosynthetically active radiation).A simplified equation describing the primary production process can be represented as follows:Proceeding from the above equation, primary productivity may be considered equivalent to (analogous to) the photosynthesis intensity. \u0000There is a range of various methods for estimating PP: according to algal cell number, according to nutrient dynamic in water, according to diurnal dynamics of dissolved oxygen, according  to chlorophyll a content, light-and-dark bottle method in oxygen or radiocarbon modification. With consideration taken of these methods’ advantages and disadvantages, researchers will be able  to obtain the most reliable and unbiased primary productivity data.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115567657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE NATIONAL NATURAL PARKS OF EASTERN POLISSYA","authors":"T. Shovkun, V. Zinchenko, I. Myron","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.118-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.118-125","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the main recreational resources (objects of the  natural  and  historical  and cultural environment) of the national natural parks in Eastern Poliss: Desnyansko-Starogutsky, Mezinsky, Dniprovsky-Desnyansky and Zalіss. Near the  boundaries  of  the  parks  there  are  wide typical and unique landscapes of the Chernigiv Polis and Novgorod-Siverskiy Polis.  Among  the historical and cultural recreational resources, important architectural objects deserve respect: the Paleolithic site of the first people (Mezinsky NPP), the remnants of the settlement of Milogradivska culture dated VII-I Art. BC (NPP \"Zalіssya\"); architectural objects: churches of the ХІІІ- ХІХ centuries and others. \u0000On the territory of the National Park, ecological paths, routes (automobile, bicycle, hiking) are designated, which give the opportunity to get to know the nature. It has been established that the most important types of tourism in NNP EasternPolissya are recreational and educational (for the method), cycling, automobile, pedestrian, water (for the transfer method). To assess the possibilities of organizing a weekend day, an assessment of 100-kilometer accessibility behind the main highways to the territory of NPP Eastern Polissya for the additional Google Earth Pro service was made. It has been established that the 100-kilometer accessibility zone of NPP \"Zalissya\" and RLP \"Mіzhrichinsky\" (designed by NPP \"Dniprovsko-Desnyansk Mіzhrichchya\") consume millions of places - the capital of Ukraine - Kiev. This promotes the recreational privatility of these NPPs. Further direct can be the development of recreational and health tourism, weekend tours, expansion of the transfer of services, which can be applied by national natural parks.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126855409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WIND FACTOR IN SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF WIND EROSION WITHIN VOLYN REGION","authors":"B. Matviychuk, N. Matviychuk","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.167-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.167-173","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the wind factor as a factor of wind erosion of Polissia soils is highlighted. The highest intensity of wind erosion in the Polissya zone is observed in the spring and autumn periods, when the density of vegetation cover is the lowest during the year and there is no snow cover. The temporal dynamics of the wind regime forms certain patterns, which determines the formation of the corresponding clusters of months of the year as indicators of the temporal regularity of the wind regime and clusters of administrative districts as indicators of the spatial regularity of the wind regime. The early spring period is the least long (two months), which allows it to be interpreted as transitional. This interpretation explains the inclusion in this cluster by the dynamic features of August as also the transition period from the summer wind regime to the autumn one. The winter period is characterized by an extremely strong wind regime, the lowest wind intensity is observed in the summer-autumn period. The transitional early spring period is characterized by an intermediate level of wind load, but the greatest variability of indicators, which also emphasizes the transitional nature of this time stage of the year. It was established that the maximum value of the wind factor for these areas is observed in winter and is  3,57  m3  s−3,  and  the minimum  is observed in  August and is 2,3 3,57 m3 s−3. The central and eastern regions (Manevytskyi, Kovelskyi and Rozhishchenskyi) also form a homogeneous subzone, the peculiarity of which is that the duration of strong winds in the winter period is somewhat shorter compared to the northwestern regions. The highest wind load is observed in the winter months, and the lowest at the end of summer. Geographically, the north-western and south-eastern regions of the region experience the greatest wind load. In terms of time, three consecutive periods can be distinguished: winter, early spring, and summer-autumn.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127020290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF EXISTING ENERGY INSTALLATIONS FOR ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION OF RECIRCULATING NUTRIENT SOLUTION IN SYSTEMS OF CROPS AUTOMATIC HYDROPONIC IRRIGATION IN PROTECTED GROUND","authors":"L. Savchenko, S. Minenko, V. Savchenko","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.174-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.174-180","url":null,"abstract":"Decisive for solving food security problems in Ukraine while preserving and restoring the ecology of the environment should be an intensive method of management, i.e. the orientation  of  economic entities of their own activities on the innovative type of development, active use of scientific and technical developments and implementation of modern agricultural innovations. In its turn, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of crop production of protected soil depend on the technical condition of technological equipment. \u0000The purpose of the work is research and analysis of existing power plants for ultraviolet disinfection of recirculating nutrient solution in systems of automatic hydroponic irrigation of crops in a protected soil, as well as elucidation of the impact of filtration and  disinfection  of  nutrient solution on  the presence of microorganisms when reusing plants in systems. The paper  investigates  the  ways  to improve the operation of power plants for ultraviolet disinfection of  recirculating  nutrient solution in the cultivation of crop products of protected soil. It provides the value of the required radiation dose for 90% disinfection of the  recirculation  solution  from  various  bacteria,  viruses  and  fungal  spores and the dependence of  bactericidal  efficiency on  the  wavelength  of  light. Ultraviolet rays  with  a length from 200  to 280 nm (UV-C  range) have  the  most pronounced bactericidal  effect. Research  in this area has shown that the optimal wavelength for irradiation is 253.7 nm. As a result of such irradiation, microorganisms die or lose their  ability  to  reproduce.  It has  been  proven  that  the classical layout scheme of power plants for ultraviolet disinfection of the recirculation solution is inefficient, because it does not rid the recirculation solution of turbidity and the presence of iron and does not guarantee high efficiency of the ultraviolet disinfection  plants.  The  paper  describes  the method of carbonate precipitation of metal ions, which is based on the formation of insoluble metal compounds as a result of treatment of an aqueous solution with carbonates or bicarbonates of alkali metals. Prospects for further research are the development of methods and tools to improve  the operation of power plants for ultraviolet disinfection of recirculating  nutrient  solution  in  the cultivation of crop products of protected soil.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133297886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SORPTION AND X-RAY FLUORESCENCE DETERMINATION OF MICRO QUANTITIES OF SOME TOXIC METALS IN NATURAL OBJECTS AFTER THEIR PRECONCENTRATION ON MODIFIED SILICA GEL","authors":"O. Kychkyruk, N. Kusiak, E. Yanovska","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.1.2023.155-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.1.2023.155-166","url":null,"abstract":"A method for X-ray fluorescence determination of trace amounts of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions (up to 250 μg/ml) directly in the sorbent phase after their extraction from solutions  in a dynamic sorption mode has been developed. Merck silica gel (particle d 0.1-0.2 mm, specific surface 428.61 m2/g), chemically modified with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol functional groups in one step, was used as a sorbent. An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyzer with a semiconductor detector \"ElvaX\" (\"Elvatex\", Kyiv) was used in the study. \u0000It was found that the combined analysis of micro quantities of Pb, Cd and Hg by sorption-x-ray fluorescence method after their preconcentration on silica gel with chemically fixed  surfactant requires the use of calibration curves for each metal, taking into account the presence of other ions in solutions. \u0000The developed by us  method of  sorption-x-ray fluorescence  determination of  micro  quantities  of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) after their extraction and preconcentration on silica gel with chemically fixed 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol can be effectively used for the analysis of natural and man-made objects of complex chemical composition.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131333763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF ZHEZHELEVSKY GRANITE QUARRY WASTEWATER ON THE FORMATION OF PLANT COMMUNITIES","authors":"O. Medvid, I. Kotsiuba, I. Khomiak","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.57-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.57-68","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to studying the impact of reclaimed water discharge on the dynamics and state of plant communities in the Zhezheliv granite quarry. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of return water on plant communities in the territory of the planned activity of the Private Joint-Stock Company \"Zhezhelivsky Quarry\". To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: to investigate and classify plant groups in the territory of the planned activity of the Zhezheliv granite quarry; to establish the leading factors that change  during  the release of  return  waters;  to  predict the probable environmental impact of reclaimed waters on  rare components  of  the biota.  The territory of the Zhezheliv granite deposit is a typical anthropogenic landscape with a high level of anthropogenic transformation with a large share of fallows and shrubs. The biota of the studied territory consists of trivial, often synanthropic flora and fauna. They are represented by zonal \u0000species common to this area. The vegetation of the studied area belongs to 11 classes, 12 orders, 14 unions, and  18  associations  according  to  the  Brown-Blanquet classification.  No  settlements,  species of flora, and fauna, which are included in the Red Book of Ukraine, the Green Book of Ukraine, and annexes to the resolutions of the Berne Convention, were found on the territory of the deposit. Coastal ecosystems with autotrophic blocks in the  form of  vegetation  classes Phragmiti- Magnocaricetea and Salicetea purpurea are affected by return water discharges. The discharge of reclaimed water from the Zhezheliv quarry stabilizes the existence of eutrophic coastal habitats with Phragmitetum australis and Typhetum angustifoliae vegetation associations. Also, by increasing the long-term wetting regime in the coastal areas, the condition of the Salici-Populetum association improves, which on the banks of rivers outside the zone of planned activity can acquire the status of a rare habitat (G1.11. Riverine Salix woodland). According to indicators of the dynamics of natural dynamics and the level  of  anthropogenic  transformation,  coastal  habitats  are  euhemerobic ecosystems at the stage of transition from the herbaceous to the tree-shrub stage of the autogenic succession. Raising the water level due to the discharge of Reclaimed waters will contribute to their restoration and return to a less transformed state.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114381197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF POTENTIAL LIQUID CRYSTALS WITH CHOLESTEROL FRAGMENT BY WITTIG REACTION","authors":"V. Lystvan, A. Zhmurchuk, V. Lystvan","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.144-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.144-154","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid crystals are substances that owing to  the  features  of  their  structure  and  physical  properties are of interest not only as objects for theoretical  research, but also significantly important practically due to the possibilities of their effective application in various brunches of industry, medicine, in household   etc.  Among  the  known  classes  of  liquid  crystals,  substances  known  as  cholesterics  are an important group. \u0000Cholesteric liquid crystals demonstrate very high optical activity, that significantly exceeds the optical activity of most other known classes of organic compounds. Their ability for appreciable change of color at change of the temperature and environment composition is also practically important. \u0000Among all compounds belonging to the class of cholesterics an important place possess cholesterol derivatives, especially cholesterol esters. Therefore, the elaboration of new methods of their synthesis and the introduction of new functional groups into their molecules are an urgent tasks indeed. \u0000This work is devoted  to  the  investigation  of  the  possibility  of  synthesis  of  new cholesterol derivatives, namely cholesteryl esters of unsaturated acids by the Wittig reaction - the interaction of various classes  of  aldehydes  with  phosphonium  salts,  with  the  intermediate  formation  of phosphorus ylides - alkylidene phosphoranes. We found that  the  Wittig  reaction  is  a convenient method for the synthesis of cholesteryl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids. We have developed methods for the synthesis of potential cholesteric liquid crystals by the Wittig reaction, which use a phosphonium salt containing a cholesterol fragment and  corresponding  aldehydes.  The  process proceed without the release of an  intermediate compound –  alkylidene phosphorane,  which  reduces the labor intensity of the method. \u0000The application of various aldehydes enables the easily obtaining of cholesteryl esters of unsaturated acids containing various aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic fragments in the acid radical. The reaction takes place in mild conditions, without using of high temperatures or aggressive environments. The resulting esters show signs of mesophase formation, which is a confirmation of their liquid crystalline properties.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127417764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF PONDS OF THE CENTRAL POLISSIA BY THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF PHYTOPLANKTON","authors":"O. Kravtsova, Y. Sheliuk","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.1.2023.5-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.1.2023.5-18","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoirs formed in the process of human  activity  are  a new type of  reservoir  and  an  integral element of  landscapes.  Studies  of  these  water  bodies  make  it  possible  to  establish  the  mechanisms of formation and functioning of phytoplankton in artificially created  ecosystems.  Studies  were conducted in 2018-2020 on phytoplankton assemblages in ponds  of  the  Central  Polissia  area in Ukraine. The work aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Central Polissia ponds according to structural and functional indicators of phytoplankton development. Differences in phytoplankton abundance, biomass, and structure,  dominant complexes  of  species  were  assessed  in  the  studied ponds. 103 species of algae, represented by 105 intraspecific taxa, including those containing the nomenclature type species, from 7 divisions, 11 classes, 20 orders, 31 families,  and  60  genera  were found in the studied ponds. The  occurrence  of  9  types  of  algae,  which  were  not previously found  in the territory of Ukrainian  Polyassia. Chlorophyta,  Euglenozoa,  and Miozoa  were  the  structure- forming divisions in the phytoplankton biomass in the studied ponds. The dominant species complex of the ponds’ phytoplankton (according to abundance and  biomass)  was  formed  by  5–18  species, which accounted for 33–62% of the species richness of the water bodies. Shannon’s diversity index indicated the predominance of the polydominant structure of phytoplankton in most ponds. \u0000Phytoplankton assemblages of the studied ponds in central Polissia were characterized by high biodiversity, differentiated structure, and differences in dominant species, which highlight the critical role of artificial water bodies in biodiversity. This study provides necessary information for understanding the changes in the phytoplankton community caused by anthropogenic impacts on artificial water bodies.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126121305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SYNTHESIS AND THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER-SOLUBLE BLOCKED O-TOLYLISOCYANATE","authors":"N. Kozak, V. Tretinichenko, V. Bortnytsky, O. Komliakova, V. Koryagin, Z. Haholkina","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.1.2023.143-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.1.2023.143-154","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of latent reagents, in particular isocyanates, in a water-soluble form is a promising direction of chemical research. The replacement of isocyanates with their blocked analogues allows solving several problems: increasing safety in the use and storage of such toxic compounds as isocyanates, facilitating multi-stage synthesis in active media, increasing the selectivity of the main reaction, reducing the toxicity of reagents. In addition, due to the possibility of carrying out the blocking reaction of isocyanates in an aqueous media, the environmental safety of the process of their production is increased and the yield of the product is improved. In order to synthesize a water-soluble latent monoisocyanate for the modification of polymer systems, including water-soluble biopolymers, water-soluble sodium 6-(o-tolylcarbamoylamino)hexanoate was synthesized by the interaction of ortho-tolyl isocyanate with an aqueous solution of sodium salt of 6-aminohexanoic acid. The optimal temperature conditions for the synthesis of water-soluble blocked ortho-tolyl isocyanate were determined. The structure of the reaction product was proved using methods of IR- spectroscopy with Fourier transform and NMR 1H spectroscopy. According to the data of thermogravimetric analysis in dynamic mode and pyrolytic mass spectrometry the temperature range of the thermal dissociation of water-soluble ortho-tolyl isocyanate blocked by the sodium salt of 6-aminohexanoic acid ranges from 100 to 140°C and is wider than the temperature range of the thermal dissociation of the hydrophobic compound - ortho- tolyl isocyanate blocked by ε- caprolactam.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127489548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY","authors":"N. Semeniuk","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.45-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.45-56","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality – is a description of water’s chemical and biological composition and physical properties, which characterize it as an abiotic component of aquatic ecosystem and determine its suitability for specific consumption purposes. \u0000Ecological water quality (environmental water quality) – refers to the ecological  well-being of  an aquatic ecosystem, with the main focus on protection of the aquatic environment and human life and health. It comprises a complex of physical,  chemical,  biological  and  other  parameters  reflecting specific features of abiotic and biotic components of aquatic ecosystems. \u0000The requirements for physical, chemical and biological properties of water are set in the water quality standards, which may be developed by particular countries or introduced by international organizations. \u0000Ecological water quality depends upon natural and human factors. Natural factors are in their turn divided into abiotic (for example, geological, meteorological, hydrological) and biotic (for example, the ratio of primary production and organic matter destruction). The main human factors affecting water quality include  artificial  modification of  aquatic ecosystems’ hydrological conditions  and  their pollution with diverse chemical compounds. \u0000There are a lot of approaches to  ecological  water quality  assessment according  to both  abiotic (physical and chemical) and biological parameters. Physical and chemical methods take into account such parameters as water transparency, suspended particulate matter concentration (turbidity), ion composition, water hardness, total dissolved salts content, nutrients and organic matter  content, dissolved  gases  concentration,  pH.  Biological  methods  are  based  upon  assessing  the  living organisms’ (biological indicators’) response to mineral and organic substances, present in water. Various living organisms can be used as biological indicators: algae, in particular – diatoms, higher aquatic plants, different species of aquatic invertebrates and fishes. While physical and chemical methods characterize water quality at the moment of sampling, biological  methods  provide  an integral picture of water quality for a certain time period. Besides, biological methods are more informative, because they reflect the aquatic ecosystem’s response to pollution. \u0000On the whole, the most reliable data on ecological water quality can be obtained by combining physical, chemical and biological methods.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123678063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}