Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemical, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Schefflera elliptica Leaves","authors":"Gede Yoga, Ayuning Kirtanayasa, A. A. G. Indraningrat, Putu Candra","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.329-334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.329-334","url":null,"abstract":"Schefflera elliptica or locally called kayu tulak, is one of the Balinese herbal plants that have traditionally be used to reject (tulak) negative influences that exist in the human body. Althoug, S. elliptica has been routinely used as a part of a ritual in Bali, only a limited study has been reported on its bioactivity. This study was designed to analyze the phytochemical content, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant activity of S. elliptica. In this study, simplisia of S. elliptica was extracted using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents, then the viscous extracts of the two solvents were carried out for phytochemical tests, antibacterial activity tests with the Kirby-Bauer method and antioxidant activity tests with based on DPPH method. Phytochemical screening showed that the n-hexane extract contains active compounds in the form of phenols and steroids while ethyl acetate contains active compounds in the form of phenols, tannins, and steroids. Antibacterial screening showed ethyl acetate extract of S. elliptica displayed a diameter zone of inhibition of 10.72±0.71 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, 12.17±2.80 mm against Streptococcus mutans, 12.40±1.65 mm against Escherichia coli and 15.20±2.44 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The DPPH analysis showed percentages of 61.17% and 67.42% from n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts respectively, which indicated the antioxidant properties of S. elliptica. Overall, this research provides a preliminary report on the bioactivity potential of S. elliptica mainly in term of antibacterial and antioxidant properties which open up possibilities for future drug development.","PeriodicalId":188261,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115357358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the Antioxidant Power: Investigating the Skin and Flesh of Crystal Guava with Chloroform and Methanol Extractions and DPPH Assay","authors":"A. Ulmillah, Arif Alghifari, N. Widiani","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.323-328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.323-328","url":null,"abstract":"Crystal guava (Psidium guajava var. crystal) is one type of guava plant that has high economic value due to its thick flesh and few seeds. The crystal guava plant is believed to have antioxidant activity, which is a substance that can prevent the formation of free radicals in the body. This research aims to determine the level of antioxidants in chloroform and methanol extracts of the skin and flesh of crystal guava fruit using the DPPH method. Samples were taken through a stepwise maceration process and solvents of chloroform and methanol, then analyzed using probit analysis and SPSS 25 software. The results of the study showed that both chloroform and methanol extracts of the skin and flesh of crystal guava fruit have antioxidant activity. The results showed that the IC50 value of the chloroform extract of crystal guava fruit skin is 218.88 ppm and is classified as moderate, the methanol extract of crystal guava fruit skin is 89.78 ppm and is classified as strong, the chloroform extract of crystal guava fruit flesh is 270.56 ppm and is classified as weak, and the methanol extract of crystal guava fruit flesh is 185.72 ppm and is classified as moderate.","PeriodicalId":188261,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127907663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Spectroscopic Analysis and Antidiabetic Properties of Copper (II) Complex of Mangifera indica Leaf Crude Extract","authors":"M. A. Oladipo, F. Ajao, A. J. Adepoju, Kayode Taiwo Ishola, Olalekan Jamiu Ajeigbe","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.315-321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.315-321","url":null,"abstract":"Many applied conventional drugs in treating diabetes have been reported to possess some drawbacks which necessitate a search for alternative therapies. In order to search for a more active antidiabetic agent, this study synthesized and evaluated antidiabetic properties of Mangifera indica crude extract and its Cu (II) complex in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. The leaf crude extract and its metal complex were characterized using percentage metal analysis and IR spectroscopic data. Experimental animals were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan monohydrate at a single dose of 140 mg/kg body weight and animals with fasting blood glucose level (BGL) > 200 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Metformin was used as a standard drug. Fasting blood glucose level and body weight were used to assess the antidiabetic activity. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the level of statistically significant at p< 0.05. The crude extract was found to coordinate with the metal ion through O donor atom of C=O and O-H of phenol and ketone respectively. The Cu (II) complex of the crude extracts at tested dose of 600mg/kg demonstrated more antidiabetic activity without weight gain than the standard drug. It is concluded that the Cu (II) complex could be a potential material in the development of more active and negative-side-effect-free antidiabetic drug.","PeriodicalId":188261,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, &amp; Natural Product Chemistry","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130592773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Quarry Activities on Some Morphological Parameters of Two Maize Varieties (SWAN 1 and SAMMAZ 52)","authors":"B. Odiyi, Olubukola Maku, F. Ologundudu, S. Abiya","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.295-303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.295-303","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of quarry activities on some morphological parameters of two maize varieties (swan 1 and sammaz 52) was investigated with the aim of determining the impact of quarry activities on some growth parameters of the maize varieties under study. The seeds were collected from the Seed Bank Department of the Ondo State Ministry of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State. They were authenticated at the Herbarium unit of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, and the voucher was deposited. Soil samples were collected at 50m, 100m, 150m, 200m, and 250m from the quarry site and transferred to the laboratory for analysis. A screen house experiment was set up to house the pots. Seeds of SWAN 1 and SAMMAZ 52 were sown into perforated plastic pots (30 cm diameter and 33 cm depth) filled with 10 kg of quarry soil. The following morphological parameters were determined; shoot height, leaf area, plant dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root-shoot ratio, leaf area, and determination of photosynthetic parameters especially chlorophylls a and b. The result revealed that at 50 meters from the quarry site, SAMMAZ 52, one of the maize varieties grown in soil taken from the site, had the highest shoot height (94 cm). which showed that plants growing in higher concentrations of dust pollution respond to nutrient stress by devoting more of their available carbon to shoot growth, resulting in elongated stems, were consistent with the observed higher shoot height in SAMMAZ 52, daily variations in photosynthetic activity and the rate of nitrogen uptake are to blame for these alterations in plant behavior. The efficiency with which plants use the available nutrients determines whether they will survive in an area where there is quarry dust. The observed higher biomass (3.84g) under SAMMAZ 52's management regime can be attributed to the best possible rates of photosynthesis and nutrient assimilation, as well as to the presence of more chlorophyll and larger leaf surfaces.","PeriodicalId":188261,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, &amp; Natural Product Chemistry","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116646226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiarrhoeal Activities of Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) Extract in Experimentally-Induced Diarrhoea Model","authors":"Joshua Charles Isirima, P. O. Uahomo","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.305-313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.305-313","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of Lime on Diarrhoea in Wistar rats. A total of 60 Wistar rats were procured and randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 animals each for each of the three t-test models. The twenty healthy Wistar rats for each diarrhoea model were fasted for 6 hours prior to the experiment but allowed free access to water. The twenty animals were randomly divided into 5 groups of 4 animals each for each experiment. Established antidiarrhea models were followed. The test groups received various doses (97.65mg/kg, 195.3mg/kg, and 390.6mg/kg) of Citrus aurantiifolia juice extract; whereas positive controls received Loperamide (2.5mg/kg) and negative controls received distilled water (1ml/kg). The administration was done once daily for 15 days, and the faeces of each animal was collected on the 5th, 10th and 15th day. The result of this study showed that medium and high dose Citrus aurantiifolia has an anti-diarrhoeal effect on castor oil-induced diarrhoea over repeated administration for a minimum of 15 days as it prolonged the onset of diarrhoea, decreased the frequency of defecation and gastrointestinal transit time in Wistar rats. This study shows that Citrus aurantiifolia demonstrates significant anti-diarrhoeal activity and can be used as an anti-diarrhoea agent.","PeriodicalId":188261,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, &amp; Natural Product Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115134529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLUT4 as A Protein Target for T2DM Therapy with Natural Compounds","authors":"Vivi Hendra Sutandar, M. Saleh, Z. Maritska","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.289-293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.289-293","url":null,"abstract":"WHO reported 1.9 million death cases of diabetes patients in 2019. Diabetes is caused by damage in the pancreas which resulted in a lack of insulin or insulin resistance. Medication for T2DM mainly focuses on lowering blood glucose and treating affected organs. Current medications are still lacking, thus research is needed in finding novel medications to accommodate T2DM. This paper aims to present the current research on potential plant extract in increasing GLUT4 translocation in diabetes conditions. insulin resistance state affecting GLUT4 translocation which is important in affecting glucose uptake. Some research shows that plant extract proved to be potential in increasing the translocation of GLUT4 and helping lowering blood glucose levels.","PeriodicalId":188261,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, &amp; Natural Product Chemistry","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126012067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr.","authors":"M. Dahiru, AbudulAzeez Mumsiri Abaka, S. P. Artimas","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.281-288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.281-288","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to investigate the phytoconstituents and antibacterial effects of methanol and ethyl acetate stem bark extracts of Detarium microcarpum (DM). The phytochemicals were detected and quantified while the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi was established determining the zone of inhibition (ZI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Phytochemical screening showed alkaloids (16.33% ±0.88) were present in the methanol extract only while saponins and flavonoids were detected in concentrations of 31.00% ±2.31 and 21.01% ±2.33 respectively for the methanol extract and 21.67% ±1.76 and 38.01% ±1.16, for the ethyl acetate. The methanol extract exhibited the highest ZI on S. aureus (21.3 mm ±1.11) with its least inhibition observed on E. coli (6.5 mm ±0.77) while the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest ZI on S. typhi (19.1 mm ±2.01). S. typhi exhibited more sensitivity to DM extracts at the least concentrations of 12.5 mg/ml (methanol) and 25 mg/ml (ethyl acetate) while the MBC results showed that the 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml were the effective respective concentration for methanol and ethyl acetate extracts against S. typhi. Conclusively, DM exhibited an antibacterial effect against the test organisms with notable inhibitory and bactericidal effects.","PeriodicalId":188261,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, &amp; Natural Product Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130760077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Blumea balsamifera and Cordyline fruticosa Based on Ethnopharmacology Knowledge of Muara Tae Tribe, East Kalimantan","authors":"N. Sari, F. Aryani, Wartomo Wartomo, M. F. Hernandi, E. Rositah, Joko Prayitno","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.273-280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.273-280","url":null,"abstract":"Plant use as traditional medicine is still widely practiced in Indonesia. Muara Tae tribe people, West Kutai regency are one of the regions that still rely on Blumea balsamifera and Cordyline fruticosa plants as traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the potential of Blumea balsamifera and Cordyline fruticosa leaves as medicinal plants with phytochemicals and antioxidants. Phytochemical analysis was tested using Harborne and Kokate methods. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay with slight modification. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that the extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol from the leaves of Blumea balsamifera and Cordyline fruticosa contained alkaloids, tannins, and triterpenoids. Antioxidant activity of Blumea balsamifera leaves extract showed that the n-hexane extract display an ability to inhibit DPPH free radical by 50% at 100 ppm concentration, while ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts display an ability by 77% and 81% at 50 ppm concentration. IC50 value of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Blumea balsamifera leaves sequentially were 23.68 µg/mL and 17.59 µg/mL. Antioxidant activity of Cordyline fruticosa leaves extract showed that the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract display an ability to inhibit DPPH free radical by 45% and 56% at 100 ppm concentration, while ethanol extracts display an ability by 76% at 50 ppm concentration. IC50 value of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Cordyline fruticosa leaves sequentially were 73.72 µg/mL and 20.17 µg/mL. Based on the results, Blumea balsamifera and Cordyline fruticosa leaves extracts had the potential to develop as natural antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":188261,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, &amp; Natural Product Chemistry","volume":"363 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133271793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Female Age on Crossing Over Frequency in Drosophila melanogaster Crosses N x bcl and N x ym and Their Reciprocals","authors":"Lisa Savitri, E. R. Kasimo, Rochmad Krissanjaya, Syntia Tanu Juwita, Ester Lianawati Antoro, Ida Septika Wulansari","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.267-271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.267-271","url":null,"abstract":"Crossing over is the occurrence of disconnection and reconnection followed by a reciprocal exchange between the two chromatids in a bivalent form. The crossing event will produce parental type and recombinant type. In the event of crossing over, various factors can influence it. These factors can be due to internal and external. Recently, various factors have been reported that influence the incidence of crossing over. These factors include age, temperature, radiation, and changes in chromosome structure. This research is a type of experimental research that uses a randomized block design. Randomized block design by crossing D. melanogaster strains ?N>< ?bcl and ?N>< ?ym and their reciprocals. From the results of this cross (F1) then cross again ?N with the recessive male (from stock) then observe the phenotype of the offspring (F2) and calculate the results of the offspring. The F2 ?N crosses were treated with age variations, namely 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 days. Based on the results of these crosses, the derived strains that appeared in the F2 crosses showed the phenomenon of crossing over with the influence of the age of the female and the type of strain on crossing events. the frequency or value of crossing over (formation of recombinants) decreased with the increasing age of the female. If the age of the female affects the frequency of crossing over, then the older the female, the more likely the frequency of crossing over will decrease. However, because the data obtained were incomplete, it was not possible to know the effect of female age on the frequency of crossing over of D. melanogaster crosses ?N>< ? bcl and ?N >< ?ym and their reciprocals. The condition for crossing over is the formation of a synaptonemal complex. Age of D. melanogaster females has an effect on the frequency of crossing over in crosses N? >< bcl?, N? >< ym?, and their reciprocals. The older Drosophila melanogaster is, the lower the frequency of crossing over will occur. Based on this, it was necessary to cross D. melanogaster with strains N, bcl, and ym. A cross consists of ?N ><?bcl and ?N ><?ym and their reciprocals. By crossing ?N with a recessive male from the stock, then observing the F2 phenotype, it is hoped that crossing over will occur. So that you can better understand by doing the practice directly. In this case, the effect of crossing over is seen from the age of the female and the type of strain.","PeriodicalId":188261,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, &amp; Natural Product Chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123177637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination Interactive Effects of Gongronema latifolium Leaves and Picralima nitida Seeds Extracts on Glucose Tolerance","authors":"Maureen Ifeyinwa Egbuniwe, Harrison Anezichukwu Ozoani, A. A. Ajaghaku, I. Mbagwu, Uchechukwu Harrison Orji, D. Ajaghaku","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.259-266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.259-266","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the combination interactive effects of G. latifolium leaves and P. nitida seed extracts using a metabolic glucose tolerance test. The plant samples were extracted separately using cold maceration and their acute toxicities were determined. Dose-response glucose tolerant tests of both plants were done using a 2 g/kg glucose load monitored over 0 – 1h. A 41% effect isobologram was used to determine the needed dose combinations according to the principle of Loewe’s additivity model. The glucose tolerant tests of dose pairs of the combined extracts were evaluated and their combination indices were calculated to determine the nature of their interaction. The ED41 of G. latifolium (GL) and P. nitida (PN) were 180 mg/kg and 254 mg/kg respectively. The percentage reductions of GL:PN (50:160); GL:PN (100:90); and GL:PN (150:30) dose pairs were 48.23, 50.76 and 42.99 % respectively. Their combination index were calculated to be 0.91, 0.91 and 0.95 respectively - an indication of synergistic interaction. Findings from this study validate the combined use of G. latifolium leaves and P. nitida seeds in folkloric medicine. However, combining the extracts of G. latifolium: P. nitida in the dose ratios of 50:160, 100:90 and 150:30 mg/kg gave the best dose pairs with synergistic outcome.","PeriodicalId":188261,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, &amp; Natural Product Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131516700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}