Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Randomised controlled trial of a web-based mental health, self-harm and suicide gatekeeper resource for parents and caregivers","authors":"Alison L. Calear,&nbsp;Sonia M. McCallum,&nbsp;Dominique Kazan,&nbsp;Michelle Torok,&nbsp;Aliza Werner-Seidler,&nbsp;Bridianne O'Dea,&nbsp;Alyssa Morse,&nbsp;Louise M. Farrer,&nbsp;Fiona Shand,&nbsp;Philip J. Batterham","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70189","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parents and caregivers play key roles in recognising early signs of mental distress and facilitating access to support, yet often lack the confidence and knowledge to respond effectively. Gatekeeper training programs can improve skills, but few are specifically designed for parents. The aim of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of the <i>Recognise, Respond and Support – A Parent's Guide to Youth Mental Health</i> resource in improving parental capacity to support their child's mental health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A two-arm randomised controlled trial was conducted with Australian parents and caregivers of children aged 5–17 years. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 12-week follow-up. The primary endpoint was parental self-efficacy to recognise, respond to, and access support for mental health problems and suicide risk in their child/ren at post-intervention. Secondary outcomes included perceived gatekeeper knowledge, mental health and suicide literacy, stigma, and help-seeking attitudes, intentions and barriers. The trial was prospectively registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12623000933651).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 509 participants were recruited (97% female; mean age 43 years). At post-intervention, mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA indicated significant intervention effects for self-efficacy for mental health (<i>p</i> = .04) and suicide (<i>p</i> = .01), perceived knowledge (<i>p</i> &lt; .001), barriers to help-seeking (<i>p</i> = .02) and suicide stigma (<i>p</i> = .02) and literacy (<i>p</i> = .01), with some effects maintained at 12-week follow-up. No significant changes were observed for mental health literacy and stigma, or help-seeking attitudes or intentions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gatekeeper training targeted to parents and caregivers can be effective in improving participant confidence and knowledge to support their child's mental health. Future research would benefit from identifying strategies to improve participant engagement with web-based interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 11","pages":"1844-1854"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148222203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental disorders in childhood or adolescence and subsequent comprehensive school achievement","authors":"Yan Li,&nbsp;Ripsa Niemi,&nbsp;Mai Gutvilig,&nbsp;Marko Elovainio,&nbsp;Marjo Flykt,&nbsp;Christian Hakulinen","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70181","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Childhood mental disorders are associated with poorer school achievement, with potential negative long-term socio-economic consequences, but few large-scale studies have examined this association, particularly the role of age at onset. Using a nationwide Finnish cohort, we examined the associations between mental disorders and school achievement, focusing on gender and age at onset.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This nationwide cohort study used data from Finnish national registers. The study population consisted of all individuals born between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2003, who completed their comprehensive education in Finland during the years 2005 to 2019 (<i>n</i> = 837,546). The exposure was diagnosis of any mental disorder or specific mental disorders between the age of 1 year and graduation. School achievement was measured using the grade point average (GPA), a summative measure of performance across all subjects during the final three years of comprehensive school.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the total study population (411,054 females, 426,492 males), 137,427 (16.41%) were diagnosed with a mental disorder before completing comprehensive school. Students with a mental disorder had lower school achievement compared with their peers without a diagnosis, −0.41 [95% CI, −0.41 to −0.40]. The association was stronger for female students, −0.45 [95% CI, −0.46 to −0.45], than for male students, −0.37 [95% CI, −0.38 to −0.37]. Later-onset mental disorders were associated with poorer school achievement, a pattern observed across most specific mental disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Childhood mental disorders are linked to lower school achievement, particularly among females and those diagnosed at a later age, underscoring the need for targeted psychological support for females and adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 11","pages":"1796-1806"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148154317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting healthy families: a three‐arm randomized controlled trial of Triple P and Circle of Security–Parenting versus treatment‐as‐usual for families with young children (2–6 years)","authors":"Andrea Gonzalez, G. J. Melendez‐Torres, Divya Joshi, Charlene Attard, Amber D. Rieder, Natalie Harvey‐Younis, Jean Eric Tarride, Leslie Atkinson, Susan M. Jack, Melissa Kimber, Teresa Bennett, Jazzmin Demy, Harriet L. MacMillan","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70228","url":null,"abstract":"Background Parenting programs grounded in social learning (SL) and attachment theory are widely implemented, yet few trials have directly compared their effects across multiple parenting domains in community contexts. This study examined the relative effectiveness of an SL‐based program (Triple P – Level 4 Group) and an attachment‐based program (Circle of Security – Parenting, COS‐P) against treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) when delivered online through community agencies. Methods A three‐arm randomized controlled trial was conducted across four community organizations in Ontario, Canada. Caregivers of children aged 2–6 years ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 502) were randomized (1:1:1) to Triple P, COS‐P, or TAU. Primary outcomes were child behavioral difficulties (SDQ‐Total) and parental overreactivity with post‐intervention, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐up. Secondary outcomes included parental attributions, parenting stress, and caregiver mental health. Analyses followed an intention‐to‐treat framework using mixed‐effects models (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT04702191). Results Relative to TAU, Triple P demonstrated significant short‐term reductions in emotional symptoms and conduct problems, and immediate improvements in hostile and helpless parenting and anxiety; however, most between‐group effects did not persist beyond post‐intervention. Effects on total child behavior problems at 12 months were no longer significant after correction for multiple testing. Improvements in parental attributions were sustained at 12 months. COS‐P differed from TAU on only one outcome, at one time point. Within‐group improvements in child behavior, dysfunctional parenting, and caregiver mood were observed in TAU, with COS‐P and Triple P showing similar trends. Exploratory analyses suggested broader benefits for Triple P relative to COS‐P. Conclusions Triple P demonstrated selective short‐term benefits relative to TAU across child behavioral and parenting outcomes, with sustained effects limited to parental attributions. COS‐P showed no measurable effects relative to TAU. These findings highlight the importance of behavioral management and self‐regulation components and point to the need for further research examining contextual moderators, maintenance strategies, and sustainable delivery approaches, including digital formats.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149086779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental trajectories of tonic and phasic irritability from ages 12 to 21: early predictors, co‐development, and psychiatric outcomes in young adulthood","authors":"Jamilah Silver, Qimin Liu, Gabrielle A. Carlson, Daniel N. Klein","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70239","url":null,"abstract":"Background Irritability is a common and impairing, transdiagnostic feature of youth psychopathology. Theory distinguishes tonic irritability (persistent irritable mood) from phasic irritability (episodic temper outbursts), yet little is known about how these dimensions co‐develop across adolescence into young adulthood and relate to later psychiatric outcomes. Methods Participants were drawn from a longitudinal community cohort assessed at ages 12, 15, 18, and 21 ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 532 with data at one or more waves). Tonic and phasic irritability were derived from youth‐report items spanning multiple measures. We tested the factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of tonic and phasic irritability, then modeled co‐development using parallel‐process latent growth curve models. Sociodemographic factors and parental lifetime psychopathology (assessed at age 9) were examined as predictors of growth factors. Growth factors were used to estimate associations with age‐21 psychiatric diagnoses and self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors. Results A two‐factor model distinguishing tonic and phasic irritability fit better than a one‐factor model at each wave, and configural, metric, and scalar invariance were supported from ages 12 to 21. On average, tonic irritability increased modestly whereas phasic irritability declined. Despite divergent mean trajectories, tonic and phasic slopes were positively correlated, indicating coordinated change. Baseline tonic irritability predicted steeper declines in phasic irritability, whereas baseline phasic irritability did not predict change in tonic irritability. Higher tonic intercept and steeper tonic increases were associated with higher odds of depressive and anxiety disorders and suicidal ideation at age 21; tonic intercept also predicted suicidal acts, and tonic change additionally predicted non‐suicidal self‐injury. In contrast, higher phasic intercept predicted greater odds of disruptive behavior disorders but lower odds of depression, and steeper phasic decline was associated with greater odds of depression. Conclusions Tonic and phasic irritability are separable yet developmentally linked across adolescence into young adulthood and show distinct clinical correlates. Distinguishing persistent mood‐based irritability from outburst‐based irritability may refine developmental models of risk and intervention targets.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149086780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain network localization of gray matter alterations and executive dysfunction in pediatric ADHD","authors":"Yexian Zeng, Jia Cheng, Mingrui Xia, Li Yang, Qingjiu Cao","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70245","url":null,"abstract":"Background Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by gray matter alterations and executive dysfunction. Whether the spatially distributed regional abnormalities reported in previous meta‐analyses converge within large‐scale networks of the developing brain remains unclear. Using coordinate‐informed functional connectivity network mapping (FCNM), we mapped the network architecture of meta‐analytic gray matter volume (GMV) and executive dysfunction coordinates in pediatric ADHD and evaluated its reproducibility and cross‐disorder specificity. Methods We extracted neuroimaging coordinates from published meta‐analyses reporting GMV alterations and task‐based executive dysfunction in pediatric ADHD ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> <jats:sub>cases</jats:sub> = 5,015, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> <jats:sub>controls</jats:sub> = 5,915). To map these disparate regional coordinates onto common functional circuits, we applied FCNM utilizing a large‐scale, high‐quality pediatric normative connectome from the Chinese Child Brain Development (CCBD) project ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 2,120). The spatial overlap between the derived abnormality networks and canonical brain networks was quantified using Dice coefficients. Furthermore, network robustness was validated using independent pediatric clinical cohorts (from the ADHD‐200 dataset and CCBD), and disease specificity was assessed via cross‐disorder connectomic comparison with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results Despite the spatial dispersion of the input coordinates, the FCNM‐derived connectivity maps showed differential overlap with large‐scale brain networks. Specifically, the network associated with gray matter alterations localized predominantly to the default mode network (DMN) (Dice = 0.457; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <jats:sub>NCT</jats:sub> = 0.001) and the ventral attention network (VAN) (Dice = 0.237; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <jats:sub>NCT</jats:sub> = 0.03), while the network underlying executive dysfunction localized primarily to the VAN (Dice = 0.319; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <jats:sub>NCT</jats:sub> = 0.001). Importantly, this dual‐network architecture demonstrated robust reproducibility across independent clinical validation cohorts and exhibited clear topological specificity when compared to ASD‐related networks. Conclusions Using a large pediatric normative connectome, coordinate‐informed FCNM mapped ADHD‐related abnormalities onto partially overlapping DMN and VAN architectures, providing a reproducible framework for understanding distributed abnormalities in ADHD and identifying biologically defined targets for neuromodulation and early intervention.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household composition, prenatal stress, and offspring emotional and behavioral problems in the\u0000 ECHO\u0000 cohort","authors":"Irene Tung,Alison E. Hipwell,Haozuo Zhao,Noya Galai,Alexandra D. W. Sullivan,Bianca P. Acevedo,Candice Norcott,Lauren C. Shuffrey,Lisa A. Croen,Luke P. Grosvenor,Michele D. Levine,Nicole R. Bush,Patricia A. Brennan,Sarah Dee Geiger,Stephanie D. Stepp,for the ECHO Cohort Consortium","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70236","url":null,"abstract":"Background Prenatal stress is associated with child emotional and behavioral problems, yet the social‐environmental contexts shaping these associations remain understudied. This study examined whether household composition during pregnancy moderates associations between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, prenatal stress, and early childhood mental health outcomes. Methods We analyzed data from 4,320 mother–child dyads from the prospective longitudinal Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort across 16 United States sites. Pregnant participants (mean age at delivery = 30.3 years) were enrolled between 2010 and 2021 and followed through early childhood of offspring (49% female). Exposures included neighborhood socioeconomic status (CDC Social Vulnerability Index), prenatal stress (Perceived Stress Scale), and household composition (solo, couple‐only, extended‐couple, or shared adults). Outcomes were child emotional and behavioral problems at ages 1.5–5 years (Child Behavior Checklist/Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). Structural equation modeling tested direct, indirect, and moderation pathways. Results Neighborhood disadvantage was associated with elevated prenatal stress and child emotional and behavioral problems, and prenatal stress was associated with both child emotional and behavioral problems. After adjusting for prenatal stress, direct associations between neighborhood disadvantage and child outcomes were attenuated and no longer significant, instead emerging as indirect effects mediated through prenatal stress (emotional: B  = 0.009, p =  .020; behavioral: B  = 0.010, p =  .021). Child sex did not moderate any pathways. Household composition significantly moderated prenatal stress associations with child outcomes, with stronger associations among pregnant individuals living alone (emotional: β  = 0.417, p &lt;  .001; behavioral: β  = 0.453, p &lt;  .001) versus those living with other adults (emotional: β  = 0.095, p &lt;  .001; behavioral: β  = 0.094, p &lt;  .001). Couple‐only households showed the clearest buffering effects, particularly for child behavior problems ( β  = −0.621, p =  .016). Conclusions Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with child emotional and behavioral problems through elevated prenatal stress. Living with other adults during pregnancy may buffer associations between prenatal stress and child mental health outcomes. Pregnant individuals living alone may benefit from targeted social support interventions.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in the severity and impact of child psychiatric disorders over 3 years: an analysis of trends using the national child mental health surveys of England from 1999, 2004, and 2017","authors":"Jessica M. Armitage, Tamsin Newlove‐Delgado, Tamsin J. Ford, Sally McManus, Sharon A. S. Neufeld, Yuanfei Liu, Stephan Collishaw","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70231","url":null,"abstract":"Background Child and adolescent psychiatric disorders are common, now affecting at least one in eight children. Evidence points towards an increase in prevalence over time, but very few studies have tested whether longitudinal outcomes for children with mental health problems have changed. This study is the first to test whether mental health and functional outcomes for children with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder have improved or worsened across time in England. Methods Three national probability surveys were undertaken in England in 1999, 2004, and 2017, each with respective 3‐year follow‐ups in 2002, 2007, and 2020. We include children at baseline aged 5–13 years and compare outcomes for those with baseline psychiatric diagnosis (mental health disorder or ADHD). Three‐year mental health symptom severity and functional impairment were assessed using the parent‐ and self‐rated total difficulties score and impact supplement from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results Across all surveys, having a psychiatric disorder at baseline predicted greater difficulty and impact scores at follow‐up. The magnitude of these associations increased sequentially over time, such that having a disorder at baseline was more strongly associated with parent‐ and self‐rated difficulties in the 2017 survey compared with the 1999 and 2004 surveys. Children in the 2017 survey were also more likely to report a greater impact of problems. Patterns of individual change also showed a temporal gradient. For children with a psychiatric disorder in 1999, 34% experienced deterioration in mental health at the three‐year follow‐up, compared to 52% of those with a disorder in 2017. The proportion of those who improved decreased correspondingly. Conclusions Children with a psychiatric condition are experiencing increased difficulties in their daily lives compared to previous generations. Understanding why children are now more likely to experience impaired functioning is a major public concern.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Review: No robust effects of Circle of Security-Parenting (COSP) on parenting, parents, or children - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg, Megan Galbally, Erinn Hawkins, Marinus H van IJzendoorn","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Circle of Security-Parenting (COSP) is one of the most popular attachment-based preventive support programs for parents and children. More than 50,000 participants from different (para)professional disciplines have been trained in the formal COSP™ protocol.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a preregistered meta-analysis and synthesis of all eight randomized trials (N = 1,094 families), we examined COSP's efficacy on caregivers' parenting (sensitive parent-child interactions, reflective functioning, and parenting attitudes), on parent mental health outcomes (stress, depression, and anxiety), and on child attachment security and behavior problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found an overall nonsignificant effect size of Cohen's d = 0.142 (SE = 0.089; p = .154, 95% Confidence Interval -0.068, 0.353, 95% Prediction Interval -0.444, 0.729), in a homogeneous set of studies. The pooled effect sizes of the parenting, parent, and child domains did not differ from each other or from zero. Cluster-robust inference tests showed converging (nonsignificant) results. The majority of the randomized studies (82%) were identified with some concerns about risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that the evidence for COSP efficacy does not keep pace with the uptake of COSP in professional practice and policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective and subjective sleep characteristics across severity subgroups in children with autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Jian Jiao, Jiang Long, Xia Yang, Lu Tan, Hang Zhang, Taomei Li, Xiangdong Tang","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep disturbances are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet the relationship between objective sleep characteristics and ASD severity remains unclear. We examined polysomnography-derived and caregiver-reported sleep characteristics in children with ASD and typically developing children (TDC), with additional analyses across ASD severity subgroups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 111 children aged 3-13 years: 81 with ASD and 30 TDC. Participants underwent home PSG, and second-night PSG data were used for the primary analyses. Caregiver-reported sleep behaviors were assessed with the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Children with ASD were classified by Childhood Autism Rating Scale scores into mild (M-ASD, n = 36) or moderate-to-severe (MS-ASD, n = 45) subgroups. Group comparisons used age- and sex-adjusted analysis of covariance with correction for multiple comparisons. Exploratory logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses were conducted in the ASD group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with TDC, children with ASD showed poorer sleep continuity, including lower sleep efficiency and longer sleep latency, with greater wake after sleep onset in the primary model. Sleep-architecture differences were not significant after correction. Across severity subgroups, sleep-continuity difficulties were present in both ASD subgroups, whereas increased wake after sleep onset and greater caregiver-reported bedtime difficulties were most evident in MS-ASD. Bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, and sleep anxiety differed across severity subgroups. Exploratory ASD-only analyses suggested that selected PSG and caregiver-reported variables may provide complementary information for characterizing differences between M-ASD and MS-ASD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with ASD showed poorer sleep continuity than TDC, and children with MS-ASD had more pronounced caregiver-reported bedtime difficulties. Objective and caregiver-reported sleep measures may provide complementary information for characterizing sleep phenotypes across ASD severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149014917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puberty timing and cognitive functioning: insights from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study and Mendelian randomization.","authors":"Lars Dinkelbach, Bianca Serio, Sofie Valk, Franka Edith Weisner, Luise Margaretha Bläschke, Triinu Peters, Anke Hinney, Börge Schmidt, Raphael Hirtz","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70220","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early puberty timing is linked to altered neurodevelopment and adverse mental health outcomes, yet its relationship with cognitive functioning remains unclear. We examined the effects of puberty timing across multiple cognitive domains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 10,722 participants from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we assessed associations between puberty timing, operationalized using sex specific logistic growth curve models, and performance on six cognitive tasks at baseline, 2-year, and 4-year follow-ups. Linear-mixed regression models were calculated separately by sex, adjusting for age, bodyweight, parental income, race/ethnicity, birthweight, prenatal alcohol/tobacco exposure, and whether the assessment occurred before or after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. To probe causal relationships, we performed Mendelian randomization utilizing external Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) data on age at menarche (N = 632,955), male puberty timing (N = 205,354), and executive functioning (N = 427,037).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the ABCD study, earlier puberty timing was associated with poorer performance pooled across timepoints on the NIH Toolbox® Picture Sequence Memory Task (girls: standardized β = .04, 95% CI [0.02, 0.06]; boys: β = .04, 95% CI [0.01, 0.06]), the learning of a word list (girls: β = .05, 95% CI [0.02, 0.08]; boys: β = .03, 95% CI [0.01, 0.05]), and NIH Toolbox® List Sorting Task (boys only: boys: β = .03, 95% CI [0.01, 0.06]). Mendelian randomization indicated better executive functioning with later age at menarche (b = 0.005/year, 95% CI [0.000, 0.011]). The association with male puberty timing was directionally consistent but remained nonsignificant (b = 0.012/year, 95% CI [-0.004, 0.028]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest a causal link between earlier puberty timing and poorer cognitive performance. However, effect sizes were small, indicating limited clinical implications at the individual level, while potentially remaining relevant at the population level. Future research on atypical pubertal development or medically induced puberty suppression should include assessment of cognitive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149014878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}