Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Annual Research Review: Interventions for young children exposed to trauma","authors":"Katherine L. Guyon-Harris,&nbsp;Kathryn L. Humphreys","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70121","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The landscape of trauma-focused interventions for young children has evolved significantly, though substantial gaps remain. Early childhood trauma exposure occurs during sensitive periods of brain development with potential lifelong consequences. However, these periods also present unique opportunities for intervention to redirect trajectories toward positive outcomes. Rapid neurodevelopmental changes across early childhood necessitate interventions specifically designed for evolving capacities rather than simply “scaled down” versions of adult treatments. A review focused exclusively on evidence-based interventions for young children is needed. This review represents a synthesis of the literature informed by our clinical and research expertise. We review interventions that (1) target trauma symptoms as primary outcomes, (2) were designed for children ages 0–8 years, (3) include substantive caregiver involvement, and (4) have empirical support from published randomized controlled trials or well-designed quasi-experimental studies. Our review revealed a tiered evidence base for young children, with the strongest support for interventions targeting specific age groups: Child–Parent Psychotherapy for infants and toddlers, Preschool PTSD Treatment for preschoolers, and Trauma-Focused CBT for early elementary children. Critical gaps include limited interventions for children under age 3, sparse evidence for interventions targeting noninterpersonal trauma, assessment challenges, particularly with longitudinal measurement across developmental transitions, and insufficient implementation research on disseminating interventions in community settings. By continuing to refine effective trauma interventions for our youngest children, we can alleviate immediate suffering and potentially prevent decades of associated difficulties across the lifespan. Future research priorities should include expanding the evidence base for existing interventions through well-powered trials with diverse samples, developing and testing preventive interventions delivered following potentially traumatic events, adapting established interventions for under-studied trauma types, and implementation research to support widespread adoption in real-world settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 4","pages":"508-523"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual Research Review: Early conduct problems – precursors, outcomes, and etiology","authors":"Luke W. Hyde,&nbsp;Christopher J. Trentacosta,&nbsp;Jessica L. Bezek","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the toddler and preschool period, nearly all children engage in some level of aggression, defiance, stealing, and temper tantrums. While the frequency and intensity of these behaviors tends to decrease across early childhood, a subset of children engage in these conduct problem behaviors at a higher intensity early in life and/or do not desist from these behaviors. Instead, these behaviors escalate across childhood and adolescence into serious forms of antisocial behavior (e.g., aggression, rule breaking). Given the negative impacts of these behaviors on children engaging in them, victims, and society, childhood conduct problems are a major public health concern. Here, we provide an updated review of the research identifying the trajectory of conduct problems; risk factors for their emergence, persistence, and escalation; and mechanisms through which risk impacts behavior, using a biopsychosocial and ecological lens. We describe how child and parent attributes contribute to a coercive dyadic cycle that leads to escalating problem behaviors, and how the broader context undermines these proximal relationships to increase risk for conduct problems. Next, we consider the role that genetics plays in these processes and describe how gene–environment interplay shapes early conduct problems. Further, we describe the ways in which these environmental and genetic risk processes impact brain development to increase risk for conduct problems. Finally, we discuss recent approaches to prevent and treat conduct problems and discuss research needs to better support our understanding of the development, prevention, and treatment of early conduct problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 4","pages":"524-545"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144850840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where next for school climate? A commentary on Moore (2026)","authors":"G.J. Melendez-Torres","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70141","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a contribution to this year's <i>Annual Research Review</i>, Graham Moore (<i>Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry</i>, 2026) presents a thought-provoking consideration of school climate. Highlighting the contestations in this concept, he describes how school climate might (or might not) impact child and adolescent mental health; how interventions to improve school climate might (or might not) improve child and adolescent mental health; and how school climate, and interventions to improve school climate, relate to health inequalities in young people. Moore's review generates several possibilities and opportunities, several of which are discussed below.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 4","pages":"602-604"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147281592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental language disorder and the ubiquity of language in the world – a commentary on Iverson & Williams (2026)","authors":"Lisa M. D. Archibald","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70135","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In their review article, <i>Developmental Language Disorders: A Hidden Condition with Lifelong Impact</i>, Iverson and Williams (2026) cover all the ground from the importance of language and its infusion across daily tasks to the characteristics, assessment and management of a neurodevelopmental condition known as Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). The former is an important inclusion to understanding the impact of the latter, and so my commentary discusses both components. The article concludes with major challenges to investigations and support of DLD, which I add to and join in the call to raise awareness of this hidden and lifelong condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 4","pages":"592-594"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13036387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual Research Review: Neural mechanisms of eating disorders in youth – from current theory and findings to future directions","authors":"Kelsey Hagan,&nbsp;E. Caitlin Lloyd,&nbsp;Sasha Gorrell","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70029","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eating disorders are prevalent and profoundly debilitating psychiatric conditions with multifactorial etiology that frequently manifest during adolescence. This developmental stage is characterized by significant neurostructural and neurofunctional change, which may create a context conducive to the emergence of eating pathology. In this Annual Research Review, we examine notable changes in brain structure and function that occur during adolescence and elucidate theoretical models that connect neural modifications to eating disorders. Subsequently, we present a narrative review and critical analysis of the extant research on the neural correlates of eating disorders in adolescents and young adults (up to age 24). We conclude by pinpointing gaps in the literature and highlighting avenues for future inquiries into the neural correlates of eating disorders in youth. Overall, this Annual Research Review emphasizes the scarcity of research focused on the neural correlates of eating disorders in young persons and its predominant emphasis on anorexia nervosa in comparison to other eating disorders thus far. Future neurobiological investigations in adolescent eating disorders hold the promise of advancing our knowledge of these complex conditions and improving therapeutic outcomes through the development of mechanistic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 4","pages":"444-466"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144819876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual Research Review: The role of caregiver sensitivity in children's developmental outcomes – an umbrella review","authors":"Marissa D. Nivison,&nbsp;Pasco Fearon,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Jenkins,&nbsp;Sheri Madigan","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Caregiver sensitivity is the extent to which a caregiver notices a child's signal, interprets it correctly, and responds quickly and appropriately. Although originally introduced to developmental science as the key antecedent of attachment security, decades since its conception, hundreds of studies have been conducted examining the predictive significance of caregiver sensitivity to a broad range of developmental outcomes. The literature on caregiver sensitivity and related constructs (e.g., warmth, responsivity, negative parenting) has grown exponentially and is now the focus of several meta-analyses. We conducted an umbrella review – a systematic review of reviews – to examine the extent to which caregiver sensitivity and related constructs are associated with child attachment, socioemotional, and cognitive outcomes. Searches in EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Medline and yielded 2,157 abstracts. Studies were included if they were a meta-analysis of caregiver sensitivity or a related construct, focused on children's developmental outcomes, were available in English, French, or Spanish, and were published between 2010 and 2024. Conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, 17 meta-analyses were identified. Using the <i>metaumbrella</i> package in <i>R</i>, we conducted quantitative analyses which demonstrated that caregiver sensitivity was moderately associated with attachment security (<i>r</i> = .25, <i>k</i> = 253, <i>n</i> = 37,444), cognition (<i>r</i> = .23, <i>k</i> = 44, <i>n</i> = 6,777), language skills (<i>r</i> = .26, <i>k</i> = 54, <i>n</i> = 11,136), and weakly associated with socioemotional problems (<i>r</i> = −.07, <i>k</i> = 135, <i>n</i> = 33,305). Narrative analysis of other meta-analyses on caregiver warmth, responsivity, positive and negative parenting, and child outcomes also showed associations in the expected direction. Our findings demonstrate the critical importance of caregiver sensitivity on children's socioemotional and cognitive development, supporting caregiver sensitivity as an important target for early childhood prevention and intervention programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 4","pages":"486-507"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13036395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: ‘Have you seen me lately’ – Revisiting our understanding of significant mental health disorders for children and adolescents","authors":"Daniel S. Shaw","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This editorial introduces the <i>Journal's</i> 2026 Annual Research Review (ARR). Three themes emerged in this year's ARR. The first revisits and expands our understanding of four longstanding mental health disorders – non-fatal self-harm, early conduct problems, eating, disorders and developmental language disorders. A second theme focuses on intervention development and efficacy by reviewing research on modifying school climates and behavioural treatments to address young children's exposure to trauma. A final paper provides a systematic review of meta-analyses on the predictive validity of caregiver sensitivity. Cumulatively, this set of review papers provides important updates on a wide range of prevalent and meaningful disorders, expanding our understanding of aetiology, developmental course, and in many cases, success (or lack thereof) to assess and treat these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 4","pages":"441-443"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147315872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual Research Review: Improving school climate to improve child and adolescent mental health and reduce inequalities","authors":"Graham Moore","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Schools are important settings for intervention to improve mental health. Much school mental health research has focused on schools as an avenue to reach large numbers of young people with new interventions, added on top of what schools currently do. However, research is increasingly focused on changing the school system itself to improve mental health, with a growing emphasis on improving school climate. This article begins by exploring wider debates on the benefits and harms of school-based interventions, before focusing on school climate as a target for intervention. It reviews evidence from intervention studies and systematic reviews to understand effectiveness, how interventions reduce or amplify inequalities, and real-world impacts. School climate research has grown rapidly since the turn of the century. It remains difficult to define. Definitions vary in whether they include focus on physical environments and educational instruction. However, they converge on focus on positive relationships among a school community and safety. Several large trials of interventions to improve mental health, by improving school climate, have been conducted in a range of international contexts. While many have not been effective, recent trials provide evidence that interventions <i>can</i> improve school climate and mental health, as well as a range of risk behaviours. Few studies examine effects on inequalities in mental health, with tentative evidence that school climate interventions have been more effective for some groups than others (e.g., bigger effects for boys than for girls). Evidence on scalability and sustainability indicates that typically small effects from trials may not fully translate into real-world change. There is growing evidence that improving school climate interventions can improve child and adolescent mental health. More research is needed on how such interventions can contribute to reducing inequalities. Further work is needed to understand how effects translate into real-world public health impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 4","pages":"566-587"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual Research Review: Self-harm in young people","authors":"Dennis Ougrin,&nbsp;Michael Kaess","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70112","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Self-harm is defined as self-injury or self-poisoning, irrespective of the presence of suicidal intent. It includes both non-suicidal self-injury and attempted suicide. The lifetime prevalence of self-harm is approximately 20% in young people. The initial assessment for self-harm should contain an evaluation of risk, a safety plan and a therapeutic element, which should be focused on understanding the nature of self-harm, instilling hope and linking young people with follow-up treatment. Dialectical Behaviour Therapy should be offered to young people with severe self-harm. School-based interventions, such as the Youth Aware of Mental Health programme, could prevent self-harm in young people.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 4","pages":"467-485"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between inflammatory markers in routine blood counts at 1 year and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A case-control study.","authors":"Eugene Merzon,Ariel Israel,Shelly Salminis-Linzen,Eli Magen,Akim Geishin,Shlomo Vinker,Ilan Green,Avivit Golan-Cohen,Shai Ashkenazi,Stephen V Faraone,Abraham Weizman,Iris Manor","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70147","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent patterns of inattention, disorganization, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Increasing evidence implicates immune-inflammatory processes in its etiology, with observed associations between ADHD and infectious diseases, allergic conditions, and recent findings involving SARS-CoV-2. This study investigated whether early-life inflammatory markers, as measured by routine complete blood counts (CBCs) in clinically healthy 1-year-old children, were associated with subsequent diagnoses of ADHD.METHODSA retrospective case-control study was conducted using electronic medical records from Leumit Health Services, encompassing children under 18 years between January 1, 2006, and June 30, 2021. The sample included children who underwent routine CBC testing at age one during a well-child visit, without signs of acute illness. ADHD cases were identified based on ICD-9/10 criteria. Controls, free of any ADHD diagnosis, were randomly selected at a 1:2 ratio and matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and cultural sector. Analyses included white blood cell (WBC) subtypes and platelet counts, with the calculation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR).RESULTSChildren who were subsequently diagnosed with ADHD demonstrated statistically significant elevated total WBC counts at age one, including higher neutrophil, eosinophil, and lymphocyte levels, and lower basophil counts compared to matched controls (all p < .05). No significant differences were observed in PLR between groups.CONCLUSIONSElevated inflammatory markers were detectable in clinically healthy 1-year-old children who were later diagnosed with ADHD. These findings suggest a potential preclinical inflammatory phenotype linked to ADHD risk, highlighting the need for further investigation into early immune dysregulation as a contributing factor in ADHD pathophysiology. Early identification of such biomarkers may inform preventive strategies and targeted interventions in high-risk pediatric populations.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147483467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}