Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Social media component effects: a commentary on Maheux et al. (2024).","authors":"Michaeline Jensen","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maheux et al.s' annual review (2024) summarizes a rapidly evolving literature on the specific components (including content, features and functions) of social media that can help or hinder healthy adolescent development, highlighting how proposed effects of social media components appear to matter more for some adolescents than others. This commentary explores how conclusions of Maheux et al. (2024) can help shape future translational research on what components of social media may facilitate or undermine healthy adolescent development and who is most susceptible to these social media component effects. Future research must also address when and where social media components matter most, situating our understanding within temporal and physical context. Finally, the promise of future research is highlighted on why youth engage with social media components (motivations) and how specific components of social media exert their effects (mechanisms).</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG frontal alpha asymmetry mediates the association between maternal and child internalizing symptoms in childhood","authors":"Dashiell D. Sacks, Yiyi Wang, Asja Abron, Kaitlin M. Mulligan, Caroline M. Kelsey, Wanze Xie, Charles A. Nelson, Michelle Bosquet Enlow","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14129","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundAnxiety and depression are highly prevalent in youth and can cause significant distress and functional impairment. The presence of maternal anxiety and depression are well‐established risk factors for child internalizing psychopathology, yet the responsible mechanisms linking the two remain unclear.MethodsWe examined the potential mediating and moderating roles of EEG frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) in the intergenerational transmission of internalizing symptoms in a longitudinal sample of <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 323 mother–child dyads. Self‐report maternal internalizing symptoms were evaluated at child age 3 years and 5 years, child EEG at 5 years, and parent‐report child internalizing symptoms at age 7 years. Mediation was evaluated via bootstrapped (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 5,000) confidence intervals.ResultsWe found significant associations among maternal internalizing (anxiety, depressive) symptoms when their children were ages 3 and 5 years, child FAA at age 5 years, and child internalizing symptoms at age 7 years. There was a significant mediation effect, whereby greater maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms at age 3 years were significantly associated with FAA (greater relative right cortical activation) in children at age 5 years, which, in turn, was significantly associated with greater child internalizing symptoms at age 7 years (<jats:italic>ps</jats:italic> &lt; .001). There was no moderating effect of FAA on the association between maternal internalizing symptoms at age 5 years and child internalizing symptoms at age 7 years.ConclusionsGreater right frontal asymmetry may be a neurophysiological mechanism that mediates the intergenerational transmission of internalizing symptoms.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Parenting as an influence on the course of neurodevelopmental conditions – still a taboo topic?","authors":"Kristina Moll,&nbsp;Saloni Krishnan","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14111","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the debate surrounding controversial theories, such as the refrigerator mother theory, the influence of parenting on the course of neurodevelopmental conditions has been a taboo topic for many years. However, recent research analyzing the complex interplay between genetics and the environment has introduced new approaches to examining the role of parenting. Several articles in this issue examine the new directions in the field of parenting and parent–child interactions. A key shift in perspective is the recognition that the relationship between parenting and child development is not unidirectional. Instead, the child's characteristics may also influence parental responses (evocative gene–environment), which in turn can shape the child's developmental trajectory. Moreover, parent–child interactions are not restricted to mother–child dyads, but also involve fathers and triadic interactions between both parents and the child. Experiences within these interactions are likely to transfer to other contexts, contributing to the child's language and social development. A better understanding of the time course and the mechanisms underlying parent–child interactions will enhance the design of interventions targeting parenting behavior. Although caregiver-mediated interventions have proven effective, they must take caregivers' skills into account and may need to incorporate alternative support systems beyond primary caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"66 3","pages":"275-278"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.14111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-stage randomised controlled trial of therapist-supported online cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in young people.","authors":"Patrick Smith, Anke Ehlers, Ewan Carr, David M Clark, Tim Dalgleish, Gordon Forbes, Kimberley Goldsmith, Helena Griffiths, Monica Gupta, Dorothy King, Sarah Miles, Dominic T Plant, Anne Smith, Jess Steward, William Yule, Richard Meiser-Stedman","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective face-to-face treatments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are available, but most young people with PTSD do not receive effective treatment. Therapist-supported online Cognitive Therapy has the potential to improve accessibility of effective treatment. This early-stage trial gathered data on the feasibility, acceptability, and initial signal of clinical efficacy of a novel online Cognitive Therapy program for young people with PTSD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-arm, parallel-groups, single-blind, early-stage feasibility RCT compared online Cognitive Therapy to a waitlList condition. Participants were N = 31 adolescents (12-17 years-old) with a diagnosis of PTSD, randomised in a 1:1 ratio using minimisation. Thresholds for progression to a larger trial were set a priori for recruitment rate, data completeness, and the initial signal of clinical efficacy. The primary clinical outcome was PTSD diagnosis at 16 weeks post-randomisation. Secondary clinical outcomes were continuous measures of PTSD, depression, and anxiety at 16 weeks; and at 38 weeks in the online Cognitive Therapy arm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All pre-determined feasibility thresholds for progression to a larger trial were met. We recruited to target at a rate of 1-2 participants/month. No patient dropped out of therapy; 94% of all participants were retained at 16 weeks. At 16-weeks, the intention-to-treat (ITT) effect adjusted odds ratio was 0.20 (95% CI, 0.02, 1.42), indicating that the odds of meeting PTSD caseness after online therapy were 80% lower than after the waitlist (10/16 participants met PTSD caseness after therapy compared to 11/13 after WL). Effect-size estimates for all secondary clinical outcomes were large-moderate; improvements were sustained 38 weeks after online Cognitive Therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therapist-supported online Cognitive Therapy for PTSD is acceptable to young people and has potential for meaningful and sustained clinical effects. A larger trial appears feasible to deliver. Further work is needed to refine the intervention and its delivery and to evaluate it in a larger confirmatory trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Review: Mechanisms of change and between‐family differences in parenting interventions for children with ADHD – an individual participant data meta‐analysis","authors":"Constantina Psyllou, Marjolein Luman, Barbara J. van den Hoofdakker, Saskia Van der Oord, Asma Aghebati, Bianca Boyer, Jan Buitelaar, Andrea Chronis‐Tuscano, David Daley, Tycho J. Dekkers, George J. DuPaul, Gregory A. Fabiano, Maite Ferrin, Nike Franke, Naama Gershy Tsahor, Elizabeth Harvey, Timo Hennig, Sharonne Herbert, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Lee Kern, Jennifer A. Mautone, Amori Yee Mikami, Sébastien Normand, Linda J. Pfiffner, Shizuka Shimabukuro, Satyam Antonio Schramm, Julie B. Schweitzer, Margaret H. Sibley, Edmund Sonuga‐Barke, Catherine Thompson, Margaret J. Thompson, Gail Tripp, Carolyn Webster‐Stratton, Yuhuan Xie, Patty Leijten, Annabeth P. Groenman","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14120","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundUnderstanding the mechanisms of change and between‐family differences in behavioural parenting interventions for children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may help personalise interventions. Therefore, we examined whether improvements in parenting are associated with changes in child behaviour and functional outcomes, and how these associations vary based on parents' baseline parenting levels.MethodsWe collected individual participant data including 19 randomised controlled trials focusing on children with ADHD (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 1,720). Immediate post‐intervention measures of child ADHD and oppositional behaviour severity, reported by parents and functional impairment reported by either the parent or probably masked clinicians, were treated as outcomes. We estimated pathways from intervention (vs. control) to child outcomes, via immediate post‐intervention parent reports of constructive parenting (e.g. praise), non‐constructive parenting (e.g. physical punishment) and parent–child affection (e.g. warmth), while controlling for baseline values of both child outcomes and parenting levels. Baseline values of each parenting variable were used as moderators of the mediated pathways.ResultsImprovements in parenting behaviours and parent–child affection immediately following the intervention jointly explained concurrent improvements in children's ADHD severity, oppositional behaviour and functional impairment. Furthermore, when reversing the direction of the pathways, improvements in all child outcomes jointly explained improvements in each aspect of parenting. Improvements in non‐constructive parenting and parent–child affection uniquely accounted for intervention effects on functional impairment, especially for families with higher baseline levels of non‐constructive parenting.ConclusionsOur findings might indicate that improvements in both the behavioural and affective aspects of parenting are associated with concurrent reductions in child behaviour problems and functional impairment. However, more research is necessary to explore the potential causal directionality between parenting and child outcomes. Nonetheless, supporting families with poorer parenting skills may be especially important, as reductions in non‐constructive parenting in these families are linked to stronger treatment effects on child functional impairment.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening executive functioning to disrupt binge eating in youth – a commentary on Goldschmidt et al. (2024)","authors":"Brittany Matheson","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14127","url":null,"abstract":"A recent publication in the <jats:italic>Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry</jats:italic> examined the role of executive functioning in treatment outcomes and engagement for adolescents receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for binge eating. While some executive functioning facets, such as impulsive decision making and cognitive flexibility, predicted eating and weight outcomes in this sample, others including inhibition, sustained attention, and parent‐reported global executive functioning scores did not. Interestingly, none of the executive functioning measures related to attrition in this study. This commentary highlights the importance of conducting research in youth with binge eating and why investigating potential moderators to enhance treatment outcomes matters. The role of parents as well as mHealth adaptations are noted. Practical clinical considerations and avenues for further research are discussed. Additional randomized clinical trials and high‐quality replicable studies are needed to determine if enhancing executive functioning prior to initiating psychotherapy can improve outcomes for this population.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' prohibitions of peer relationships: why do they undermine social adjustment? A commentary on Kaniusonyte and Laursen (2024).","authors":"Nina S Mounts","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kaniusonyte and Laursen (2024) make an important contribution to our understanding of parental prohibitions of peer relationships and their relationship to other aspects of adolescent social functioning. This commentary develops several possible extensions to this interesting line of research with a goal of more specifically identifying the mechanisms that account for the relationships between prohibitions and adolescents' peer adjustment. Future investigations can build on this research by considering the role of conflict between parents and adolescents as a potential mediator or moderator in the process of prohibiting and considering the meaning of restrictive peer access to adolescents' peers across the developmental period. Further, investigations could consider daily diary and observational approaches to expand the field to better understand prohibitions at a microlevel. The commentary also encourages investigators to more fully examine bidirectionality, specifically child effects, which have received relatively little attention in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Review: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and young people with pre-existing mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions - a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.","authors":"Brian C F Ching, Johnny Downs, Shuo Zhang, Hannah Abdul Cader, Jessica Penhallow, Elvina Voraite, Teodora Popnikolova, Alice Wickersham, Valeria Parlatini, Emily Simonoff","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systematic reviews have suggested mixed effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and young people. However, most included studies focused on the general population and were cross-sectional. The long-term impact on those with pre-existing mental health and/or neurodevelopmental conditions remains unclear. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the longitudinal impact of the pandemic on the mental health of this clinical population and potential explanatory factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ovid Medline, Embase, APA PsycInfo and Global Health databases were searched between 1 January 2020 and 3 August 2023 (PROSPERO CRD42022383546). We included longitudinal studies that compared mental health symptoms between pre- and during pandemic and/or during pandemic timepoints in children and young people (≤18 years old) with pre-existing mental and/or neurodevelopmental conditions. Outcomes included internalising, externalising and other symptoms. Risk of bias was rated using an adapted tool. Included studies were narratively synthesised and multi-level meta-analyses were conducted where the number of studies was sufficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 21 studies (N = 2,617) from 6,083 records. Studies differed across countries, diagnoses, measures, informants and timepoints. All had overall moderate-to-high risk of bias. Narrative synthesis found mixed evidence of symptom change, with individual studies showing increase/reduction/no change. Factors such as diagnosis, baseline symptom severity, age and sex/gender may explain variation in outcomes. Multi-level meta-analyses were feasible for a limited number of outcomes and found no significant changes in internalising and externalising symptoms pre- versus during pandemic or internalising symptoms between 2020 pandemic phases, and high heterogeneity was noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The impact of the pandemic on the mental health of children and young people with pre-existing conditions varied according to individual and contextual vulnerabilities, which were not fully captured in pooled analyses. Further research needs to investigate longer-term impacts and better stratify this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct and indirect genetic effects on early neurodevelopmental traits.","authors":"Laura Hegemann, Espen Eilertsen, Johanne Hagen Pettersen, Elizabeth C Corfield, Rosa Cheesman, Leonard Frach, Ludvig Daae Bjørndal, Helga Ask, Beate St Pourcain, Alexandra Havdahl, Laurie J Hannigan","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurodevelopmental conditions are highly heritable. Recent studies have shown that genomic heritability estimates can be confounded by genetic effects mediated via the environment (indirect genetic effects). However, the relative importance of direct versus indirect genetic effects on early variability in traits related to neurodevelopmental conditions is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample included up to 24,692 parent-offspring trios from the Norwegian MoBa cohort. We use Trio-GCTA to estimate latent direct and indirect genetic effects on mother-reported neurodevelopmental traits at age of 3 years (restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests, inattention, hyperactivity, language, social, and motor development). Further, we investigate to what extent direct and indirect effects are attributable to common genetic variants associated with autism, ADHD, developmental dyslexia, educational attainment, and cognitive ability using polygenic scores (PGS) in regression modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find evidence for contributions of direct and indirect latent common genetic effects to inattention (direct: explaining 4.8% of variance, indirect: 6.7%) hyperactivity (direct: 1.3%, indirect: 9.6%), and restricted and repetitive behaviors (direct: 0.8%, indirect: 7.3%). Direct effects best explained variation in social and communication, language, and motor development (5.1%-5.7%). Direct genetic effects on inattention were captured by PGS for ADHD, educational attainment, and cognitive ability, whereas direct genetic effects on language development were captured by cognitive ability, educational attainment, and autism PGS. Indirect genetic effects on neurodevelopmental traits were primarily captured by educational attainment and/or cognitive ability PGS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results were consistent with differential contributions to neurodevelopmental traits in early childhood from direct and indirect genetic effects. Indirect effects were particularly important for hyperactivity and restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests and may be linked to genetic variation associated with cognition and educational attainment. Our findings illustrate the importance of within-family methods for disentangling genetic processes that influence early neurodevelopmental traits, even when identifiable associations are small.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The long reach of adversity: Intermediary pathways from maternal adverse childhood experiences to child socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes.","authors":"Sheri Madigan, André Plamondon, Jennifer M Jenkins","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This longitudinal study with multi-informant (maternal, paternal, and experimenter) and multimethod (questionnaires, behavioral observations, and standardized assessments) data tests an intergenerational model from mothers' adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to their children's socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 501 children (50.7% male) and caregivers (56.5% white) followed from child age 2 months to 5 years. Mothers reported on their ACEs, as well as their postnatal socio-economic status (SES), marital conflict, and depressive symptoms. Observers rated maternal sensitivity using validated coding systems. Partners' history of childhood conduct problems and children's emotional and conduct problems were rated by mothers and fathers, and cognition was assessed by experimenters using standardized assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maternal ACEs score was associated with children's socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes through unique intermediary pathways. Specifically, maternal ACEs were related to child emotion problems through SES, paternal history of conduct problems, and maternal depression. Maternal ACEs to child conduct problems operated via SES, paternal history of conduct problems, and marital conflict. Maternal ACEs to child cognitive skills operated through SES and maternal sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maternal ACEs, economic stress, and paternal history of conduct problems may collectively strain families, diverting caregiver attention and resources, which may impact childrearing and children's development. To effectively address root causes of intergenerational risks, it is critical to advocate for resources and supports that mitigate these hardship conditions. In addition, interventions that target modifiable individual and family factors may hold the greatest promise for breaking cycles of generational risk and promoting healthier outcomes for children and families.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}