Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Childhood internalising symptoms at ages 3 and 6: a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide associations from cord and peripheral blood","authors":"Laura Schellhas,&nbsp;Mannan Luo,&nbsp;Janine F. Felix,&nbsp;Christian M. Page,&nbsp;Mona Bekkhus,&nbsp;Marcus R. Munafò,&nbsp;Luisa Zuccolo,&nbsp;Alexandra Havdahl,&nbsp;Charlotte A.M. Cecil,&nbsp;Gemma C. Sharp","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70186","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pre- and postpartum environments and genetic effects influence childhood internalising problems, which increase depression risk. DNA methylation (DNAm) may capture some of these effects. We therefore investigated associations between child blood DNAm and internalising problems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We meta-analysed probe and region-level epigenome-wide association studies using data from 3 European birth cohorts (ALSPAC, MoBa, Generation R; analytic <i>N</i> = 1,121–3,011) from the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium. DNAm was assessed at birth (cord blood) and age 6 years (peripheral blood). Internalising problems (ages 3 and 6) were reported by mothers using the Child Behaviour Checklist or Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Models were adjusted for age at DNAm assessment, 20 surrogate variables, estimated cell proportions, maternal education, age, smoking and, in secondary analysis, maternal anxiety and depression. Public databases were searched for mental health associations with top CpG sites and regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No significant probe-level associations were found between cord- or peripheral-blood DNAm and internalising problems. In region-level analyses, two differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in cord blood were associated with internalising problems at age 3 (annotated to <i>STK32C</i>, <i>MIR886</i>) and one at age 6 (<i>PFKFB2</i>). At age 6, peripheral-blood analyses identified two DMRs (<i>C10orf26</i> (<i>WBP1L</i>), <i>FAM125A</i>). Several genes showed prior associations with psychiatric phenotypes, including depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The higher-powered regional-level analyses revealed more associations than probe-level. Among others, we identified a region annotated to <i>STK32C</i> that has previously been linked to adolescent depression. Larger samples and refined phenotyping are needed to clarify the role of DNAm in internalising problems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 11","pages":"1868-1882"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148262444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remembering the bad times: Autobiographical memory fluency, specificity, and fading affect bias in adolescents at clinical risk of affective disorder","authors":"Alice Roe,&nbsp;Siobhan Gormley,&nbsp;Eleanor Stephens,&nbsp;Eleanor Mapleston,&nbsp;Tim Dalgleish","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70191","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Distortions in autobiographical memory processing are implicated in the onset and maintenance of multiple mental health problems in adults. While reduced personal memory specificity has been identified as a transdiagnostic risk factor in adolescents, less is known about other domains of memory processing, including biases in the accessibility and affective intensity of negative and positive memories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We administered a novel recall paradigm, the Good Day-Bad Day task (Hitchcock et al., <i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: General</i>, 2019, 149, 198), to assess autobiographical memory fluency for positive and negative events, memory specificity, and the Fading Affect Bias (FAB) – the extent to which the emotional intensity associated with positive memories fades less than for negative memories overtime – in adolescents, aged 16–18, at high (<i>n</i> = 201, <i>M</i>_age = 17.20, <i>SD</i> = 0.60, 84.6% female, 2% other) and low clinical risk (<i>n</i> = 117, <i>M</i>_age = 17.10, <i>SD</i> = 0.60, 77.8% female) of affective disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that superior recall for positive relative to negative events and a strong FAB were associated with good mental health. Risk of affective disorder was associated with a significant reduction in these positive biases and recall of a higher number of negative memories compared with Low-Risk adolescents. Memory specificity did not differ by risk status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings extend research on autobiographical memory processing to two novel domains in adolescence and further elucidate how differences in autobiographical memory recall may underlie mental health, with implications for the development of memory-based interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 11","pages":"1883-1893"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148262505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-administered single-session interventions for mental health in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jessica Ball,&nbsp;Richard Meiser-Stedman,&nbsp;Zoe Thompson,&nbsp;Kenny Chiu","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70192","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children and young people's mental health is an area of concern worldwide. In the face of barriers such as long waits to access evidence-based treatment, perceived stigma, and a desire to tackle challenges independently, self-administered single-session interventions (SSIs) have arisen as one potential solution. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthesise evidence of the efficacy of self-administered SSIs for youth mental health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This random-effects meta-analytic review was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42023457030). Systematic search of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from the Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Trials, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsychINFO databases was conducted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 <p>Following screening, 25 RCTs met eligibility criteria (5,628 participants), 19 of which were meta-analysed. Most of the included studies exhibited either ‘Low Risk’ or ‘Some Concerns’, with several of them having a ‘High Risk’ of bias. We found a small effect for anxiety symptoms (<i>g</i> = −0.24, 95% CI [−0.41, −0.07]) with substantial heterogeneity (<i>I</i>² = 62.68%) and a wide prediction interval (95% PI [−0.67, 0.19]). Furthermore, there was a small effect for depressive symptoms (<i>g</i> = −0.11, 95% CI [−0.22, −0.02]) with substantial heterogeneity (<i>I</i>² = 53.86%) and a wide prediction interval (95% PI [−0.42, 0.19)]. Studies not included in the quantitative synthesis were discussed narratively.</p> </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings suggest that self-administered SSIs may be efficacious in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms in young people. Although the evidence has limitations, including a small number of studies and diverse clinical and statistical characteristics, these findings indicate the need for further exploration of SSIs to address the treatment gap in child and adolescent mental health care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 11","pages":"1918-1929"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Criticality: a novel brain metric associated with sleep that may elucidate sleep's influence on adolescent depression","authors":"Alison Huckenpahler,&nbsp;Joan Luby,&nbsp;Caroline Hoyniak","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70233","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70233","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has been shown to have a bidirectional relationship with sleep. Adolescence is both the peak period of onset for MDD and a time of pronounced sleep disruption, yet the mechanisms linking disturbed sleep to depression risk remain poorly understood. We propose that brain criticality, an EEG measure of neural dynamics and information processing capacity, offers a novel putative mechanistic lens to understand this relationship. In adolescence, criticality may be perturbed by sleep disturbance through both a short-term failure of nightly restoration and long-term progressive shifts in the developing brain's baseline set point. We outline how depression-related deviations from criticality could reflect a shifted set point, altered drift, or failed reset, each predicting distinct clinical presentations. Because these metrics can be extracted from existing EEG data, they offer an immediately translatable tool for risk stratification and mechanism-targeted treatment in adolescent depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 11","pages":"1793-1795"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148915502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized controlled trial of brief interoceptive exposure and family-based treatment for adolescents with low-weight eating disorders","authors":"Robyn Sysko,&nbsp;Kurt P. Schulz,&nbsp;Tom Hildebrandt","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70185","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70185","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Family-Based Treatment (FBT) is evidence based for patients younger than 18 with anorexia nervosa; however, continued refinement of FBT is needed to increase response and remission rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to compare traditional FBT with an interoceptive exposure (IE) intervention that targets visceral sensitivity and autonomous eating in a family context. We hypothesized that IE would reduce food avoidance to a greater degree than FBT, as measured by laboratory feeding independent of weight gain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents diagnosed with a low-weight eating disorder (LWED) were randomized to six sessions of FBT or IE. Before and after the intervention, patients completed interviews and self-report questionnaires, laboratory test meals (single and multi-item), and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Healthy controls provided a comparison group for these assessments. The study was registered as follows: clinicaltrials.gov NCT02795455 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02795455?term=NCT02795455&amp;rank=1), GCO 15-0939 Reward Systems and Food Avoidance in Eating Disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents receiving IE (<i>n</i> = 30) consumed significantly more energy (kcal) during the post-treatment single item (M_diff = 98.12 kcal, SD_pooled = 119.84, <i>d</i> = 0.82) and multi-item meals (M_diff = 137.11 kcal, SD_pooled = 301.85, <i>d</i> = 0.45) than the FBT group (<i>n</i> = 30). No significant differences were found for age and sex adjusted % expected body weight between groups. Adolescents with LWED reported significantly more symptoms on all clinical measures than controls (<i>n</i> = 27).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six sessions of a novel form of IE yielded significant changes in eating behavior, namely an approximately two-fold increase in energy consumed in both multi-item and single-item meals among those randomized to IE. Additional research using a fully expanded version of these treatments is needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 11","pages":"1894-1905"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing the consequences of rising mental-health awareness—a commentary on Marcotulli et al. (2025)","authors":"Matthias Pierce","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70195","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The editorial by Marcotulli, Foulkes and Stringaris presents a dynamic-systems framework for understanding the effects of mental-health information campaigns. They argue that surges in help-seeking may lead to poorer diagnostic accuracy and reduced treatment efficacy, with potential harm to patients. Their systems-level approach is timely and valuable. The editorial's predictions rest on several assumptions: new help-seekers have lower severity, diagnostic thresholds drift downward and the benefit–harm ratio of treatment declines. Empirical evidence supporting these assumptions remains limited. Where these mechanisms do operate, several strategies may mitigate their impact. This commentary outlines key assumptions requiring empirical testing and discusses mitigation approaches, including targeted campaigns and effective triage systems, which may reduce the risk that increased awareness leads to net harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 11","pages":"1930-1932"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early outdoor play predicts trajectories of child mental health in a population-based cohort","authors":"Helen F. Dodd,&nbsp;Kirsty Cordwell,&nbsp;Kathryn Hesketh,&nbsp;Avril Johnstone,&nbsp;Alejandro de la Torre-Luque,&nbsp;Paul McCrorie","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70175","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Outdoor play may offer developmental opportunities that support good mental health. Cross-sectional data indicate that more outdoor play is associated with better mental health, particularly internalising problems (e.g. anxiety and depression), but longitudinal research is lacking. We used a longitudinal cohort dataset to evaluate whether outdoor play at 2–4 years predicted children's mental health trajectories into middle childhood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were from the Growing up in Scotland dataset. Parents/caregivers were asked how many days their child had played outside over the previous week when children were aged ~2, 3 and 4 years. When the children were aged ~4, 5, 6 and 8 years, parents/caregivers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire measure of child mental health. We used growth mixture modelling (GMM) to identify trajectories over time for internalising and externalising symptoms separately. Next, we used multilevel multinomial regression to evaluate whether early outdoor play predicted trajectory classification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis sample included 4,151 children. A three-class solution was optimal for internalising and externalising symptoms. The three trajectory groups differed on both symptom level at age 4 and slope as follows: normative (low with stable trajectory); increasing (moderate with increasing trajectory); decreasing (high with decreasing trajectory). After controlling for covariates, outdoor play significantly predicted trajectory class; children who played outdoors more often as preschoolers had significantly decreased odds (<i>p</i> &lt; .001) of belonging to the increasing or decreasing trajectory groups, relative to the normative group, for internalising (increasing: OR = 0.92, decreasing: OR = 0.88) and externalising (increasing: OR = 0.94, decreasing: OR = 0.94) symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study uses nationally representative longitudinal data and provides the first evidence that early outdoor play predicts mental health trajectories across childhood. A key limitation is reliance on parent-report measures. The findings indicate that increasing outdoor play may be a useful public health approach to reduce child mental health problems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 11","pages":"1820-1830"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based early warning model for adolescent mental health risk using the p factor","authors":"Yunjing Li,&nbsp;Wenxuan Bian,&nbsp;Xiaohong Wen,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Fang,&nbsp;Yihan Wang,&nbsp;Haijiang Li","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70194","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70194","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accurate identification of adolescents at high mental health risk is essential for timely intervention and improved service delivery. The general factor of psychopathology (<i>p</i> factor), capturing shared variance across mental disorders, was used as a transdiagnostic outcome to develop a machine learning model for risk identification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 5,283 Chinese adolescents were used for model training and testing, with an additional 968 participants for external validation. Guided by ecological systems theory, a multidimensional early warning framework covering 59 indicators across individual, school, family, and society domains was constructed. Seven machine learning algorithms were tested using the <i>p</i> factor as the outcome. Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values ranked predictor importance and identified an optimal feature subset.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The XGBoost model showed the best performance (macro F1 = 0.73 on internal validation, 0.80 on external validation). The final model used 23 predictors. SHAP confirmed sleep quality as the most influential factor, followed by repetitive negative thinking, interpersonal stress, impulsivity, and emotional intensity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggests that a <i>p</i>-factor-based machine learning model can effectively identify adolescents at mental health risk, with sleep quality emerging as the most influential predictor, suggesting potential intervention targets for early prevention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 11","pages":"1906-1917"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental language disorder and offending: a prospective longitudinal cohort study with linked education and crime data","authors":"Megan Frith,&nbsp;Hannah Hobson,&nbsp;Jo Hutchinson,&nbsp;Anna Leyland,&nbsp;Nathan Hughes,&nbsp;Umar Toseeb","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70182","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with developmental language disorder (DLD) are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system. The prospective associations between DLD and offending, and the educational and criminal justice pathways through which DLD might increase the risk of offending and reoffending, remain unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed existing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (maximum <i>N</i> = 6,800; 51% female; 9% with DLD) with linked school data (national pupil database) and crime records (Avon and Somerset police records for offences committed between ages 13 and 29 years in the region). DLD was determined when the individuals were aged 7–9 years using direct assessments and parent reports. Regression and mediation models were fitted to the data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with DLD were more likely (odds ratio 1.74, 95% confidence intervals 1.25, 2.44) to have a recorded offence (i.e. charged or cautioned by the police) compared to those without DLD. School suspension was a significant mediator of the relationship between DLD and recorded offending. However, SEN identification was not associated with recorded offending for those with DLD. There was also no difference in the odds of being given an out of court disposal or reoffending for individuals with DLD compared to those without DLD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals who have DLD are more likely to be cautioned or convicted for an offence by the police than those without DLD, and this may in part be because they are more likely than those without DLD to be suspended from school.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 11","pages":"1807-1819"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148154329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting psychopathology symptom trajectories using machine learning: a 33-year prospective study","authors":"Seda Sacu,&nbsp;Fabian Streit,&nbsp;Stephanie H. Witt,&nbsp;Tobias Banaschewski,&nbsp;Nathalie E. Holz,&nbsp;Katharina Schultebraucks","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70180","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While previous literature has established a link between psychopathology symptom trajectories and psychosocial risk, most studies have not extended into adulthood or incorporated comprehensive risk measures. We aimed to identify symptom trajectories for externalizing and internalizing symptoms over a 25-year span and predict them using machine learning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used data from a longitudinal birth cohort study (<i>N</i> = 317, 171 females). Psychopathology symptoms were measured between age 8 and 33. Symptom trajectories were identified using growth mixture models. An extensive battery of risk and protective measures over the lifespan (e.g., polygenic scores, psychosocial risk factors, temperament) was used to train machine learning-based classification models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified three trajectories for both externalizing and internalizing symptoms (entropy &gt; 0.8, likelihood ratio test <i>p</i> &lt; .05): Low, increasing (late-adolescent emergence), and decreasing (childhood-limited) symptoms classes. Both genetic (e.g., polygenic scores for cognition and mental disorders) and environmental factors (e.g., adverse family characteristics, poor social functioning) predicted symptom trajectories. For externalizing symptoms trajectories, random forest achieved fair discriminatory power with a multiclass macro-average AUC of 0.77 and a multiclass micro-average of 0.88. For internalizing symptoms trajectories, logistic regression achieved modest discriminatory power with a multiclass macro-average AUC of 0.75 and a multiclass micro-average of 0.83.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychopathology risk trajectories vary across development and are influenced by diverse risk factors. Understanding these risk factors can support early identification of at-risk individuals and inform targeted prevention and intervention efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 11","pages":"1855-1867"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148248310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}