Mycologia最新文献

{"title":"Rediscovery of the tardigrade pathogen <i>Sorochytrium milnesiophthora</i>, a blastoclad boasting the longest-known fungal internal transcribed spacer.","authors":"Alden C Dirks, Matteo Vecchi, Michelle Orozco-Quime, Eva Schwarz, Sara Calhim, Timothy Y James","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2611368","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2611368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Sorochytrium milnesiophthora</i> is a necrotrophic pathogen of tardigrades and a member of the poorly sampled zoosporic phylum Blastocladiomycota. First described in 1985, it was previously known only from the type locality, the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, USA, and had not been documented in over 35 years. We rediscovered <i>S. milnesiophthora</i> in a lichen sample from Finland, cultured the fungus, and sequenced its genome. Ribosomal DNA and phylogenomic analyses placed <i>S. milnesiophthora</i> in the Blastocladiales as sister to the rest of the order. The Sorochytriaceae clade also included environmental sequences from Brazil, Italy, Poland, and Sweden, indicating a wide distribution and substantial unexplored biodiversity of <i>Sorochytrium</i>-like fungi. To our surprise, <i>S. milnesiophthora</i> was found to have an exceptionally large nuclear rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer [ITS]) region of approximately 5500 bp, the largest known in Fungi. This extraordinary ITS length may represent an adaptation to desiccation by slowing ribosome biogenesis. Further studies should examine how <i>S. milnesiophthora</i> infection intersects with tardigrade cryptobiosis and whether the fungus can also survive the extreme conditions for which its host is famous. Deposition of <i>S. milnesiophthora</i> in the Collection of Zoosporic Eufungi at University of Michigan ensures its long-term availability for future investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"623-637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147390506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rust fungi (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) of the Brazilian Cerrado: Taxonomic advances and new taxa in a threatened biome.","authors":"Malte Ebinghaus, João M T Martins, Maria D M Santos, Dirceu Macagnan, Silvino Intra Moreira, Erica S C Souza, Zuleide M Chaves, Denise V de Rezende, José R Lucas Gomes, Anibal A Carvalho-Junior, Danilo B Pinho, José C Dianese","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2607811","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2607811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Brazilian savanna designated as Cerrado is one of the most biodiverse biomes in the world, yet it has lost nearly 50% of its native vegetation since the mid-20th century, mostly due to agricultural expansion. This rapid degradation makes it one of the most threatened biodiversity hot spots worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for intensified conservation and biodiversity research efforts. The systematic study of rust fungi (Pucciniales) in the Brazilian Cerrado began around 140 years ago with the temporary emigration from Germany of the explorer and collector Ernst Heinrich Georg Ule (*1854-†1915) to Brazil where he was hired as a \"visiting naturalist\" serving in the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro from 1891 until 1895. Since then, approximately 270 species of rust fungi have been documented in the Cerrado. Historically, taxonomic classifications of rust fungi relied strongly on the interpretation of morphological traits, which are prone to subjective bias that has led to taxonomic instability and is reflected in complex taxonomic histories. Furthermore, recent molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed a high frequency of homoplasious traits in rust fungal morphology, further complicating accurate taxonomic decisions when such traits are considered in isolation. In this study, we conducted morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses on several rarely collected and studied genera of Cerrado rust fungi, evaluating phylogenetic relationships and discussing their taxonomy. We describe a new <i>Puccinia</i> species infecting the genus <i>Coracoralina</i> (Eriocaulaceae: Poales), <i>Puccinia coracoralinae</i>, sp. nov. along with a new genus <i>Dietelomyces</i>, gen. nov. and several new combinations, i.e. <i>Cerradopsora pouteriae</i>, nom. nov. <i>Dietelomyces copaiferae</i>, comb. nov. besides defining the suprageneric status of <i>Esalque holwayi, Dietelia duguetiae, Kimuramyces cerradensis</i>, and <i>Mimema venturae</i>. Additionally, we discuss the effects of identified homoplasious traits on rust fungal systematics based on our phylogenetic analyses. Considering published estimates of rust fungal diversity in other regions, we conclude that with approximately 12 356 documented vascular plant species in the Cerrado, at least ca. 2300 rust fungal species can be expected to be present. This suggests that, to date, ca. of 13% of the rust fungi occurring in the Cerrado has been documented. Given the alarming threat status of the Cerrado and its extremely significant biodiversity, we also emphasize and discuss the potential implications of systematic rust fungal research for future conservation policies in this unique ecosystem. By addressing key taxonomic and phylogenetic gaps, this study highlights rust fungi as a critically understudied component of Cerrado biodiversity and reinforces the urgent need to expand field collections and integrate fungal systematics with conservation strategies as habitat loss accelerates.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"583-622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire history and frequency alter arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal traits, community dynamics, and symbioses.","authors":"Jacob R Hopkins, Kristian Harris, Alison E Bennett","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2616218","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2616218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fire is a common disturbance that structures terrestrial ecosystems. Since climate change models predict increases in fire frequency, it is important to study how changes in fire regime influence plant fuel-related above- and belowground ecosystem components. Due to their role in plant fuel production, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal spore communities and symbioses with plants are invaluable for understanding how changes in fire regime influence belowground communities and alter fuel-related above- and belowground processes such as plant growth. With a greenhouse experiment, we tested how variation in fire frequency and history influenced AM fungal community composition, traits, and their interactions with host plants by manipulating fire regimes over three successive generations of AM fungi and <i>Rudbeckia hirta</i> plants. We found that fire frequency effects on spore traits such as pigmentation and sporulation mediated changes in AM fungal spore communities, but these effects took time to develop and were associated with reduced plant growth. This demonstrates that increases in fire frequency can alter the fire-fuel feedbacks that underlie pyrophilic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"470-481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filamentous fungal communities associated with the eastern larch beetle (<i>Dendroctonus simplex</i> LeConte) in Minnesota, including new Ophiostomatales species.","authors":"Andrew J Mann, Amelia G Lochridge, Rin M Barnum, Jennifer Galarneau, Eric C Otto, Nickolas N Rajtar, Benjamin W Held, Kathryn E Bushley, Robert A Blanchette","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2609488","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2609488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The eastern larch beetle (<i>Dendroctonus simplex</i> LeConte) is a native and historically nonaggressive inhabitant of <i>Larix laricina</i> trees in North America. Since 2001, however, <i>D. simplex</i> has experienced an uncharacteristic and prolonged outbreak that has impacted trees on approximately 90% of the <i>L. laricina</i> forests in Minnesota. To investigate the fungal communities within <i>D. simplex</i> galleries during this outbreak, we isolated fungi from 56 <i>D. simplex</i>-infested trees across seven sites in Minnesota. We recovered 45 fungal species, including four new species in the order Ophiostomatales, proposed as <i>Graphilbum insulare</i>, sp. nov., <i>Ophiostoma itasca</i>, sp. nov., <i>Ophiostoma minnesotense</i>, sp. nov., and <i>Ophiostoma pseudoips</i>, sp. nov. Additionally, based on phylogenetics and morphological traits, we recommend a new taxonomic classification for <i>Leptographium simplex</i>, comb. nov. previously described as <i>Graphium simplex</i> from <i>D. simplex</i> galleries in Vermont, USA. At the community level, most isolates were in the phylum Ascomycota (82% of the total relative abundance), followed by Basidiomycota (12%). The most frequently isolated orders were Ophiostomatales (59% of the total relative abundance), Hypocreales (9%), and Pleosporales (8%). One species, <i>Grosmannia americana</i>, accounted for more than half of all isolates recovered. These results improve our understanding of the fungi associated with a bark beetle outbreak and an understudied tree species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"457-469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147307821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the genomic and phylogenetic complexity of the under-studied microfungus <i>Basidiobolus</i>: Insights from 19 newly sequenced genomes.","authors":"Jasper P Carleton, Alexander J Bradshaw, Liam P Cleary, Madison R Hincher, Kathryn Bushley, Javier F Tabima","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2619989","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2619989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Basidiobolus</i> is a globally distributed genus of non-Dikarya fungi within Zoopagomycota, known for its presence in diverse ecological niches ranging from soil and decaying organic matter to vertebrate gastrointestinal tracts. Despite its ecological and medical relevance, the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within the genus remain poorly resolved due to limited genomic resources. In this study, we present 19 newly sequenced <i>Basidiobolus</i> genomes, expanding the available genomic data. Using short-read Illumina sequencing, assembly, and annotation pipelines, we characterize gene content, assess completeness, and explore biosynthetic gene content across isolates, one with 14 genomes that includes <i>B. ranarum</i> and another with eight genomes that includes <i>B. meristosporu</i>s; a single genome of <i>B. heterosporus</i> forms a distinct lineage. Several isolate groups exhibit deep divergence suggestive of novel species, underscoring the need for expanded sampling and taxonomic revision. Functional annotations reveal a rich repertoire of biosynthetic gene clusters, including non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, polyketide synthases, and hybrid clusters, pointing to an underexplored reservoir of secondary metabolite diversity. These findings position <i>Basidiobolus</i> as a compelling model for investigating fungal evolution, ecological adaptation, and natural product biosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"482-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pleoscrubiaceae, a new family in Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes) from the Florida scrub ecosystem.","authors":"Jing Luo, Alexis Faulborn, Aaron S David, Jeffrey D Dosdall, Emily Walsh, Ana Rumora, James White, Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2602414","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2602414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pleoscrubia floridana</i>, sp. nov. included in <i>Pleoscrubia</i>, gen. nov. isolated from roots of the Florida endemic <i>Paronychia chartacea</i> (paper nailwort; Caryophyllaceae), is described. Multigene phylogenetic analyses suggest that the fungus represents a novel lineage and along with morphological and ecological characteristics support the description of Pleoscrubiaceae, fam. nov. within Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes) to accommodate this distinct genus and species. <i>Pleoscrubia floridana</i> is likely unique to the Florida scrub ecosystem and associated with <i>Paronychia chartacea</i> host. The plant-fungal interaction experiment yielded neutral results on <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. This newly discovered fungal lineage will help researchers understand the diversity and systematics of Pleosporales.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"392-403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146093275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRIGENDUM to Forgiveness and Reconciliation Processes in Dying Patients With Cancer.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/1049909119884407","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1049909119884407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":"39 1 1","pages":"NP8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80849329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analyses of globally distributed <i>Rhizopus microsporus</i> populations indicate clinical isolates derived from environmental diversity reservoirs.","authors":"Brandon Stairs, Hayden Johnson, Kyle Mondron, Kimberly C Syring, Andreas Guerrero, Elizabeth R Ballou, Jason S King, Teresa E Pawlowska, Rasheed Adeleke, David A Stevens, Jessie K Uehling","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2594974","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2594974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucormycosis is a group of diseases that is increasing in frequency. A common opportunistic human fungal pathogen in this group is <i>Rhizopus microsporus</i>, which is a globally distributed species present in soil-associated environments. A subset of isolates in this species host endobacteria that are hypothesized to influence fungal pathogenicity in both clinical and environmental settings. We have limited understanding of how clinically and environmentally derived isolates are related or how physiological attributes, including thermotolerance and endosymbiosis, are correlated with population structure. Traditional molecular barcodes used to assess intraspecific relationships, such as ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA)-based markers, do not provide species-level resolution, necessitating analyses of whole genome data. In this study, we generated novel whole genome sequencing data for six <i>R. microsporus</i> isolates and combined these data with publicly available whole genome sequences of 46 <i>R. microsporus</i> isolates. We evaluated these sequences to understand the evolutionary relationships among clinical and environmental isolates using phylogenomic and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based population genomics methods. We further studied their relationships by quantifying and comparing potential physiological differences and endosymbiont presence in a subset of 16 isolates with live cultures. We found that clinical isolates that originate from environmental settings contain higher molecular diversity than subpopulations isolated from clinical settings. We observed that environmental isolates grow faster than clinical isolates at temperatures between 22 and 37 C and that 7 of 16 (44%) contain endobacteria in the genus <i>Mycetohabitans</i> (Burkholderiales). Lastly, we observed that genome assembly size in <i>R. microsporus</i> is variable and that long-read sequencing technologies greatly enhance our ability to investigate the underlying genomic features. Our study provides a valuable backdrop for probing the basic biology and applied biomedical importance of <i>Rhizopus</i> and related fungi that cause mucormycosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"316-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146065070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytological and morphological responses of the ectomycorrhizal fungus <i>Rhizopogon roseolus</i> to saline conditions.","authors":"Septyani Amini, Rena Rifki Safitri, Tadanori Aimi, Norihiro Shimomura","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2572274","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2572274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are widely recognized for their ability to enhance plant survival and growth under saline conditions. Although extensive research has focused on the development of salt-tolerant ECM fungal strains, the cytological and morphological responses of ECM fungi to salt stress remain unclear. Moreover, the cellular mechanisms underlying fungal adaptation to high-salinity conditions remain poorly understood. This study investigated salinity tolerance and cellular adaptations of three <i>R. roseolus</i> strains subjected to increasing artificial seawater concentrations. The mycelia were grown on modified Melin-Norkrans (MMN) medium containing 0%, 50%, or 100% artificial seawater then observed under a phase-contrast light microscope. The hybrid strain TUFC102052 exhibited the highest tolerance to 50% artificial seawater, whereas significant growth inhibition was observed in both the wild-type strain TUFC10010 and the salt-sensitive strain TUFC102053 at higher salinity levels. Cellular alterations including subterminal cell size reduction and vacuole fragmentation were observed, indicating potential adaptive strategies for survival under saline conditions. These findings provide new insights into the morphological adaptations of the ECM fungus <i>R. roseolus</i> to salt stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"260-269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145596828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of nitroaryl secondary metabolites by wood-decaying fungi of <i>Phlebia</i> spp.","authors":"Eero Kiviniemi, Matti Wahlsten, Jouni Jokela, Taina Lundell","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2577610","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2577610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Filamentous fungi produce secondary metabolites with multiple biochemical activities. For wood-decaying fungi of Basidiomycota, some of these compounds may act as redox-active mediators involved in biodegradation of lignocelluloses and biopolymers. Our aim was to identify natural aromatic compounds produced by white rot fungi of the genus <i>Phlebia</i> (Meruliaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes), which comprises efficient decomposers of wood, wastes, and xenobiotics. Naturally produced aryl compounds were obtained by cultivating the fungi on a defined low-nitrogen liquid medium with glucose as carbon source. Culture supernatants were extracted and analyzed with UPLC-MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) and NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). Enzyme assays, cultivation with ¹⁵N isotope-labeled nitrogen supplement, and aryl compound-feeding experiments were performed to assess biosynthesis mechanisms. Together with the well-known secondary metabolite veratryl alcohol and its enzymatic oxidation product veratraldehyde, we identified two nitroaryl derivatives, 6-nitroveratryl alcohol and 4-nitroveratrole, accumulating in culture supernatants of <i>Phlebia</i> spp. Cultivation of <i>P. radiata</i> isolate 2776 with NH₄NO₃ caused higher product yield of the nitroaryl compounds than ¹⁵NH₄Cl supplementation, suggesting a role of nitrate ions in formation of nitroaryl products. With ¹⁵N-labeled supplementation, however, incorporation of nitrogen also from ammonium ions was observed. Although lignin peroxidase (LiP) enzyme activities correlated with appearance of nitroaryl compounds, their formation from veratryl alcohol by LiP was not accomplished in vitro in reaction mixtures with extracellular supernatants. In compound-feeding experiments, additional glycosylated derivative of 6-nitroveratryl alcohol was detected in <i>P. radiata</i> cultures, and nitroguaiacol was formed from nitroveratrole. These results indicate multiple pathways including both intra- and extracellular metabolism in biosynthesis and bioconversion of monoaromatic aryl compounds and their derivatives in fungi of <i>Phlebia</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"243-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145714998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}