Natural toxins最新文献_第4页

Reporter gene assays for algal-derived toxins. 藻类来源毒素的报告基因检测。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<415::aid-nt81>3.0.co;2-e

E R Fairey, J S Ramsdell

{"title":"Reporter gene assays for algal-derived toxins.","authors":"E R Fairey, J S Ramsdell","doi":"10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<415::aid-nt81>3.0.co;2-e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<415::aid-nt81>3.0.co;2-e","url":null,"abstract":"We have modified the cell-based directed cytotoxicity assay for sodium channel and calcium channel active phycotoxins using a c-fos-luciferase reporter gene construct. In this report we describe the conceptual basis to the development of reporter gene assays for algal-derived toxins and summarize both published and unpublished data using this method. N2A mouse neuroblastoma cells, which express voltage-dependent sodium channels, were stably transfected with the reporter gene c-fos-luc, which contains the firefly luciferase gene under the transcriptional regulation of the human c-fos response element. The characteristics of the N2A reporter gene assay were determined by dose response with brevetoxin and ciguatoxin. Brevetoxin-1 and ciguatoxin-1 induced c-fos-luc with an EC50 of 4.6 and 3.0 ng ml(-1), respectively. Saxitoxin caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of brevetoxin-1 induction of c-fos-luc with an EC50 of 3.5 ng ml(-1). GH4C1 rat pituitary cells, which lack voltage-dependent sodium channels but express voltage-dependent calcium channels, were also stably transfected with the c-fos-luc. GH4C1 cells expressing c-fos-luciferase were responsive to maitotoxin (1 ng ml(-1)) and a putative toxin produced by Pfiesteria piscicida. Although reporter gene assays are not designed to replace existing detection methods used to measure toxin activity in seafood, they do provide a valuable means to screen algal cultures for toxin activity, to conduct assay-guided fractionation and to characterize pharmacologic properties of algal toxins.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 6","pages":"415-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<415::aid-nt81>3.0.co;2-e","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21945393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a protein phosphatase inhibition assay (PPIA) for the detection of microcystins and nodularins. 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和蛋白磷酸酶抑制试验(PPIA)检测微囊藻毒素和结核蛋白。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<377::aid-nt80>3.0.co;2-8

W W Carmichael, J An

引用次数: 182

Spirolide composition of micro-extracted pooled cells isolated from natural plankton assemblages and from cultures of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii. 从天然浮游生物组合中分离的微提取池细胞和从鞭毛Alexandrium ostefeldii培养物中分离的螺内酯组成。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(200009/10)7:5<197::aid-nt62>3.0.co;2-h

A D Cembella, N I Lewis, M A Quilliam

{"title":"Spirolide composition of micro-extracted pooled cells isolated from natural plankton assemblages and from cultures of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii.","authors":"A D Cembella, N I Lewis, M A Quilliam","doi":"10.1002/1522-7189(200009/10)7:5<197::aid-nt62>3.0.co;2-h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7189(200009/10)7:5<197::aid-nt62>3.0.co;2-h","url":null,"abstract":"A novel micro-extraction technique was applied to the extraction of biologically active macrocyclic imines known as spirolides from pooled individual cells isolated from spirolide-rich plankton material. For comparison, this method was also applied to pooled individual cells isolated from a unialgal culture of the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Balech & Tangen, a species known to produce spirolides. Both athecate cells and motile forms of gonyaulacoid dinoflagellates derived from size-fractionated plankton material from Nova Scotia, Canada were sorted and pooled by the glass micropipette isolation technique and by flow cytometry. The development of a highly sensitive analytical method for spirolides (detection limit 2 ng ml(-1) for spirolide B) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and application to micro-extracted samples allowed the accurate determination of spirolide composition in as few as 50 cells. Total spirolide concentrations (fmol cell(-1)) calculated from pooled micropipette isolated cells were very consistent with those based upon bulk- or micro-extractions of A. ostenfeldii cells from unialgal batch cultures in exponential growth phase. The results of the pooled cell selection from field material from two sites in Nova Scotia confirmed the association of spirolides with vegetative cells of A. ostenfeldii and related athecate forms. Combining these techniques represents a highly sensitive method for the analysis of marine toxins within complex plankton matrices, even when the toxigenic species is in low abundance, by enrichment of the target organism.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 5","pages":"197-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1522-7189(200009/10)7:5<197::aid-nt62>3.0.co;2-h","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21783217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 83

HPLC/MS analysis of fusarium mycotoxins, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol. 镰刀菌毒素、伏马毒素和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇的HPLC/MS分析。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01

R D Plattner

引用次数: 0

Survey of microcystins in water between 1995 and 1996 in Paraná, Brazil using ELISA. 1995 - 1996年巴西帕拉纳<e:1>地区水中微囊藻毒素的ELISA调查。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199905/06)7:3<103::aid-nt47>3.0.co;2-d

E Y Hirooka, M H Pinotti, T Tsutsumi, F Yoshida, Y Ueno

{"title":"Survey of microcystins in water between 1995 and 1996 in Paraná, Brazil using ELISA.","authors":"E Y Hirooka, M H Pinotti, T Tsutsumi, F Yoshida, Y Ueno","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199905/06)7:3<103::aid-nt47>3.0.co;2-d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199905/06)7:3<103::aid-nt47>3.0.co;2-d","url":null,"abstract":"An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody was used to determine microcystin (MC) concentrations in water supplies and water plant samples collected between November 1995 and October 1996, from five regions of Paraná, Brazil. In addition, the presence of Microcystis sp. was monitored. Of the 50 samples obtained, 12 were from an urban lake, 8 from human water supplies, 10 from recreational lakes, 13 from farm waters used for animal pasture and 7 from aquaculture facilities. M. aeruginosa was positive in all locations. MCs were positive (>50 pg ml(-1)) in 9 samples (2 samples from human water supplies, 5 from recreational lakes and 2 from animal pasture). Heavy contamination with MCs was observed in water samples collected in May 1996 from 2 recreation (swimming-fishing sites at Itaipu dam, 6380 and 10,000 pg ml(-1)) and human supplies (6627 pg ml(-1)) samples. At these sites, a large bloom of Microcystis sp. was detected. Treatment with 1 ppm Cl- reduced MCs levels, although 267 pg ml(-1) remained in the water plant samples. Our data showed frequent occurrence of Microcystis sp., which may be a hazard to humans and animals in the state of Paraná. More detailed investigations are required to evaluate the risk of natural MC contamination in the water supplied in this region.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 3","pages":"103-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21502549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 41

Confirmation of yessotoxin and 45,46,47-trinoryessotoxin production by Protoceratium reticulatum collected in Japan. 日本网纹原蜂产叶梭毒素及45,46,47- troryyessotoxin的鉴定。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199907/08)7:4<147::aid-nt50>3.0.co;2-6

M Satake, T Ichimura, K Sekiguchi, S Yoshimatsu, Y Oshima

引用次数: 102

Halogenated phlorethols and fucophlorethols from the brown alga Cystophora retroflexa. 褐藻 Cystophora retroflexa 中的卤代酚和岩藻酚。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199903/04)7:2<57::aid-nt42>3.0.co;2-f

B Sailler, K W Glombitza

{"title":"Halogenated phlorethols and fucophlorethols from the brown alga Cystophora retroflexa.","authors":"B Sailler, K W Glombitza","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199903/04)7:2<57::aid-nt42>3.0.co;2-f","DOIUrl":"10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199903/04)7:2<57::aid-nt42>3.0.co;2-f","url":null,"abstract":"From an ethyl acetate fraction of the brown alga Cystophora retroflexa several halogenated phlorotannins were isolated. Most of the compounds are derivatives of diphlorethol penta-acetate and triphlorethol-A hepta-acetate. The majority turned out to be chlorinated and/or brominated. Only one iodinated substance, 2-iodophloroglucinol triacetate, was isolated. The structure of this derivative and the following compounds have been characterized previously: 2([D])-bromodiphlorethol penta-acetate, 3([A1])-bromodiphlorethol penta-acetate, 4([D])-bromo-diphlorethol penta-acetate, 4([D])-chlorodiphlorethol penta-acetate, 3([A1])-chlorotriphlorethol-A hepta-acetate, 4([D])-bromotriphlorethol-A hepta-acetate and 4([D])-chlorobisfucopentaphlorethol-A nonadeca-acetate. Ten halogenated phlorethols and two chlorinated fucophlorethols are described for the first time and characterized as their acetates: 2([B])-bromotriphlorethol-A hepta-acetate, 2([D])-bromotriphlorethol-A hepta-acetate, 2([B]), 2([D])-dibromotriphlorethol-A hepta-acetate, 3([A1]), 5([A1])-dichlorotriphlorethol-A hepta-acetate, 3([A1]), 4([D])-dichlorotriphlorethol-A hepta-acetate, 3([A1])-chloro-4([D])-bromotriphlorethol-A hepta-acetate. 2([B]), 4([D])-dichlorotriphlorethol-A hepta-acetate, 2([D]), 3([A1])-dibromotriphlorethol-A hepta-acetate, 3([A1])-bromo-2([D])-chlorotriphlorethol-A hepta-acetate, 2([D])-bromotetraphlorethol-C nona-acetate, 4([D])-chlorofucotriphlorethol-B dodeca-acetate and 4([D])-chlorobisfucotetraphlorethol-A heptadeca-acetate.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 2","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21359541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Possible cause of unnatural mass death of wild birds in a pond in Nishinomiya, Japan: sudden appearance of toxic cyanobacteria. 日本西宫一池塘野生鸟类非自然大量死亡的可能原因:有毒蓝藻的突然出现。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199903/04)7:2<81::aid-nt44>3.0.co;2-o

H Matsunaga, K I Harada, M Senma, Y Ito, N Yasuda, S Ushida, Y Kimura

{"title":"Possible cause of unnatural mass death of wild birds in a pond in Nishinomiya, Japan: sudden appearance of toxic cyanobacteria.","authors":"H Matsunaga, K I Harada, M Senma, Y Ito, N Yasuda, S Ushida, Y Kimura","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199903/04)7:2<81::aid-nt44>3.0.co;2-o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199903/04)7:2<81::aid-nt44>3.0.co;2-o","url":null,"abstract":"During the summer of 1995, about 20 spot-billed ducks died unnaturally in a pond (Shin-ike) in Nishinomiya, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. The suspected cause was the sudden appearance of toxic freshwater bloom of cyanobacteria. However, no birds died in a nearby pond (Oo-ike) in which the cyanobacteria was also present. Morphological observation of these cyanobacteria by microscope revealed that they were almost unialgal and were both Microcystis aeruginosa. The lyophilized algal cell powder from Shin-ike contained large amounts of microcystins which showed acute toxicity for mouse, while that from Oo-ike had only a very small amount of microcystin-RR which did not show acute toxicity. Autopsy of one of the birds revealed that the liver was necrotic and severely jaundiced with a dark green color, suggesting the toxicity of the microcystins. These results point to the cause of the unnatural death of spot-billed ducks in Shin-ike as being the sudden appearance of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa. This was due to eutrophication of the pond, following the influx of untreated sewage related to damage from the Great Hanshinn Earthquake of January 1995. This is the first experimental report of toxic cyanobacteria being implicated in the mass death of wild birds in Japan.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 2","pages":"81-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21358904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 112

Two analogs of azaspiracid isolated from mussels, Mytilus edulis, involved in human intoxication in Ireland. 从贻贝(Mytilus edulis)中分离出的两种氮唑酸类似物，在爱尔兰引起人类中毒。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199905/06)7:3<99::aid-nt46>3.0.co;2-l

K Ofuji, M Satake, T McMahon, J Silke, K J James, H Naoki, Y Oshima, T Yasumoto

引用次数: 212

Winter accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins in digestive glands of mussels from Arcachon and Toulon (France) without detectable toxic plankton species revealed by interference in the mouse bioassay for lipophilic toxins. 在阿卡春和土伦(法国)贻贝的消化腺中，没有可检测到的有毒浮游生物物种，通过干扰小鼠亲脂毒素生物测定揭示了麻痹性贝类毒素的冬季积累。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<271::aid-nt71>3.0.co;2-r

Z Amzil, M A Quilliam, T Hu, J L Wright

{"title":"Winter accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins in digestive glands of mussels from Arcachon and Toulon (France) without detectable toxic plankton species revealed by interference in the mouse bioassay for lipophilic toxins.","authors":"Z Amzil, M A Quilliam, T Hu, J L Wright","doi":"10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<271::aid-nt71>3.0.co;2-r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<271::aid-nt71>3.0.co;2-r","url":null,"abstract":"Since January 1993, neurological symptoms and rapid deaths (5 to 10 min) were typically observed in the mouse bioassay of acetone extracts of digestive glands from Arcachon and Toulon (France) during the winter season. It was assumed initially that a new lipophilic toxin was present because tests using the AOAC mouse bioassay for paralytic shellfish toxins on acid extracts of whole shellfish meat were negative, no known lipophilic toxins were detected and no toxic phytoplankton species were observed in the area during the poisoning events. In this study, however, preparative isolation of the toxic factor from toxic mussel digestive glands has revealed the presence of paralytic shellfish toxins, the principal ones being gonyautoxins-2 and -3 at Arcachon and gonyautoxins-1, -4, -2 and -3 at Toulon. The toxin concentrations recorded were below levels harmful to consumers and therefore represent a false positive in the mouse bioassay for lipophilic toxins based upon acetone extraction. The origin of the toxins remains to be determined.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 6","pages":"271-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<271::aid-nt71>3.0.co;2-r","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21944410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8