Natural toxins最新文献_第3页

Relative inhibition of insect phenoloxidase by cyclic fungal metabolites from insect and plant pathogens. 昆虫和植物病原菌循环真菌代谢物对昆虫酚氧化酶的相对抑制作用。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<337::aid-nt69>3.0.co;2-o

P F Dowd

引用次数: 47

Methodological improvement of the protein phosphatase inhibition assay for the detection of okadaic acid in mussels. 贻贝中冈田酸蛋白磷酸酶抑制法的方法学改进。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<387::aid-nt87>3.0.co;2-n

R Della Loggia, S Sosa, A Tubaro

引用次数: 23

A sensitive and specific determination method for azaspiracids by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. 液相色谱-质谱法测定氮唑酸的灵敏、特异方法。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<247::aid-nt68>3.0.co;2-t

K Ofuji, M Satake, Y Oshima, T McMahon, K J James, T Yasumoto

引用次数: 52

Interaction of aflatoxin with L-ascorbic acid: a kinetic and mechanistic approach. 黄曲霉毒素与l -抗坏血酸的相互作用:动力学和机理研究。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199902)7:1<25::aid-nt33>3.0.co;2-u

R J Verma, R S Shukla, D N Mehta

引用次数: 5

Biological detoxification of fungal toxins and its use in plant breeding, feed and food production. 真菌毒素的生物解毒及其在植物育种、饲料和食品生产中的应用。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199902)7:1<1::aid-nt37>3.0.co;2-9

P Karlovsky

{"title":"Biological detoxification of fungal toxins and its use in plant breeding, feed and food production.","authors":"P Karlovsky","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199902)7:1<1::aid-nt37>3.0.co;2-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199902)7:1<1::aid-nt37>3.0.co;2-9","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymatic inactivation of fungal toxins is an attractive strategy for the decontamination of agricultural commodities and for the protection of crops from phytotoxic effects of fungal metabolites. This review summarizes research on the biological detoxification of fungal toxins by microorganisms and plants and its practical applications. Some mycotoxins are detoxified during ensiling and other fermentation processes (aflatoxins, alternariol, mycophenolic acid, patulin, PR toxin) while others are transformed into toxic products or survive fermentation unchanged. Plants can detoxify fomannoxin, fusaric acid, HC-toxin, ochratoxin A and oxalate but the degradation of deoxynivalenol has yet to be proven. Microflora of the digestive tract of vertebrates and invertebrates exhibit detoxification activities towards aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, oxalate and trichothecenes. Some toxin-producing fungi are able to degrade or transform their own products under suitable conditions. Pure cultures of bacteria and fungi which detoxify mycotoxins have been isolated from complex microbial populations by screening and enrichment culture techniques. Genes responsible for some of the detoxification activities have been cloned and expressed in heterologous hosts. The detoxification of aflatoxins, cercosporin, fumonisins, fusaric acid, ochratoxin A, oxalic acid, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone by pure cultures is reviewed. Finally, current application of these results in food and feed production and plant breeding is summarized and expected future developments are outlined.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199902)7:1<1::aid-nt37>3.0.co;2-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21306868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 295

Isolation and characterization of phytotoxic compounds produced by Phomopsis helianthi. 向日葵植物毒性化合物的分离与鉴定。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199905/06)7:3<119::aid-nt49>3.0.co;2-p

G Avantaggiato, M Solfrizzo, L Tosi, A Zazzerini, F P Fanizzi, A Visconti

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of phytotoxic compounds produced by Phomopsis helianthi.","authors":"G Avantaggiato, M Solfrizzo, L Tosi, A Zazzerini, F P Fanizzi, A Visconti","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199905/06)7:3<119::aid-nt49>3.0.co;2-p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199905/06)7:3<119::aid-nt49>3.0.co;2-p","url":null,"abstract":"The isolation, chemical characterization and biological activity of two phytotoxic metabolites of Phomopsis helianthi Munt-Cvet et al. is reported. These compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and MS) as trans-4,6-dihydroxymellein (trans-3-methyl-4,6,8-trihydroxy-3,4-dihyroisocoumarin) and cis-4,6-dihydroxymellein (cis-3-methyl-4,6,8-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin). This is the first report of the isolation of trans-4,6-dihydroxymellein from fungal cultures and of the production of cis- and trans-4,6-dihydroxymelleins by P. helianthi. Rice was found to be a good substrate for the production of the dihydroxymelleins. Culture extracts of some Italian and French strains of P. helianthi showed different degrees of phytotoxicity towards sunflower leaves and seedlings. The minimum effective doses of trans- and cis-4,6-dihydroxymelleins with different bioassays were 76 and 135 microg per spot (leaf puncture bioassay), 3 and 5 micromol g(-1) fresh tissue (absorption by leaf cutting) and 5 and 2 micromol g(-1) fresh tissue (absorption by cut seedlings), respectively. These compounds may contribute to the severity of the sunflower disease caused by P. helianthi.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 3","pages":"119-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21502462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Coupling of saxitoxin biosynthesis to the G1 phase of the cell cycle in the dinoflagellate Alexandrin fundyense: temperature and nutrient effects. 甲藻亚历山德林(Alexandrin fundyense)细胞周期G1期与蛤蚌毒素生物合成的耦合:温度和营养效应。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(200009/10)7:5<207::aid-nt61>3.0.co;2-q

G Taroncher-Oldenburg, D M Kulis, D M Anderson

{"title":"Coupling of saxitoxin biosynthesis to the G1 phase of the cell cycle in the dinoflagellate Alexandrin fundyense: temperature and nutrient effects.","authors":"G Taroncher-Oldenburg, D M Kulis, D M Anderson","doi":"10.1002/1522-7189(200009/10)7:5<207::aid-nt61>3.0.co;2-q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7189(200009/10)7:5<207::aid-nt61>3.0.co;2-q","url":null,"abstract":"The correlation between changes in length of the different cell cycle stages and the toxicity of Alexandrium fundyense Balech was studied in semi-continuous cultures. Growth rates ranging from 0.031 d(-1) to 0.36 d(-1) were established at different temperatures or levels of phosphate limitation. In all treatments, G1 was the phase with the longest duration. Decrease in growth rate was associated with an increase in duration of the different cell cycle stages. Toxin content was always directly correlated to the duration of the G1 phase. In both the temperature treatments and the phosphate limitation experiments, toxin production rates remained constant for the respective range of conditions, implying that the variations in toxin content observed were a result of increasing periods of biosynthetic activity. Toxin accumulation was directly correlated to protein biosynthesis in all temperature treatments. In contrast, toxin content showed little correlation with protein content as phosphate limitation increased. Significant differences in toxin composition were observed between the temperature and phosphate treatments. Total concentrations of GTX II and III and C I and II were significantly higher in the phosphate-limited cultures, while the levels of STX, NEO and gonyautoxins I and IV remained virtually unchanged. We conclude that toxin biosynthesis in A. fundyense is coupled to the G1 phase of the cell cycle, that toxin synthesis is not down-regulated by phosphate deprivation and that interconversions among saxitoxin derivatives are influenced by the availability of phosphate.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 5","pages":"207-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1522-7189(200009/10)7:5<207::aid-nt61>3.0.co;2-q","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21783218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 58

High performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of fusapyrone and deoxyfusapyrone, two antifungal alpha-pyrones from Fusarium semitectum. 用高效液相色谱法分析半镰刀菌中两种抗真菌α -吡啶酮和脱氧吡啶酮。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199907/08)7:4<133::aid-nt60>3.0.co;2-i

A Evidente, C Amalfitano, R Pengue, C Altomare

{"title":"High performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of fusapyrone and deoxyfusapyrone, two antifungal alpha-pyrones from Fusarium semitectum.","authors":"A Evidente, C Amalfitano, R Pengue, C Altomare","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199907/08)7:4<133::aid-nt60>3.0.co;2-i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199907/08)7:4<133::aid-nt60>3.0.co;2-i","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, very sensitive and rapid HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of both fusapyrone (FP) and deoxyfusapyrone (DFP), the two antifungal 3-substituted-4-hydroxy-6-alkyl-2-pyrones isolated from rice culture of Fusarium semitectum, in crude extracts. Such method was optimized on C-18 reverse phase column, using the isolated metabolites as standards, with a sequence of linear elution steps with a MeOH-H(2)O mixture and using an ultraviolet detector fixed at 285 nm, where both alpha-pyrones showed a characteristic absorption maximum. This method was used to quantify the bioactive metabolites in crude organic extracts from two F. semitectum strains. The recovery of FP and DFP was measured in a crude extract from a poor metabolite producer F. semitectum strain. The recovery values ranged from 84% to 99% for FP and from 99% to 101% for DFP, indicating that the method was close to quantitative recovery. Furthermore, an efficient medium pressure column chromatography and TLC combined method was developed for the isolation and purification of FP and DFP from fungal culture extracts.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 4","pages":"133-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21644807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Analysis of the amino acid indospicine in biological samples by high performance liquid chromatography. 高效液相色谱法分析生物样品中吲哚吡啶氨基酸。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<233::aid-nt59>3.0.co;2-3

S Pollitt, M P Hegarty, M A Pass

{"title":"Analysis of the amino acid indospicine in biological samples by high performance liquid chromatography.","authors":"S Pollitt, M P Hegarty, M A Pass","doi":"10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<233::aid-nt59>3.0.co;2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<233::aid-nt59>3.0.co;2-3","url":null,"abstract":"Indospicine is a hepatotoxic amino acid that accumulates in the meat of horses that consume the legume Indigofera linnaei. A method to determine indospicine concentration in biological samples using an amino acid analyser has been reported, but the analysis time is long and therefore not suited to the analysis of large numbers of samples. A rapid and reliable method was developed for the analysis of indospicine in horsemeat and serum using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Horsemeat and serum were extracted with either water or 0.01 N hydrochloric acid, respectively, and deproteinized by ultrafiltration. Precolumn derivatization of samples with phenylisothiocyanate was followed by separation of indospicine from other amino acids on a Pico-Tag C 18 column and UV detection at 254 nm. The calibration curves for indospicine in horsemeat extract were linear over the concentration range 0.4 microg ml(-1) to 20 microg ml(-1), while for indospicine in serum, the linear range was from 0.17 microg ml(-1) to 16.67 microg ml(-1). The mean recovery of indospicine in horsemeat extract was 87.2 +/- 6.8% and in serum was 97.3 +/- 9.9%. Analysis time for indospicine in horsemeat samples was 31 min and in serum samples was 36 min.","PeriodicalId":18777,"journal":{"name":"Natural toxins","volume":"7 6","pages":"233-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<233::aid-nt59>3.0.co;2-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21944404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Phytotoxicity of selected trichothecenes using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model systemt. 以莱茵衣藻为模型系统的几种真菌的植物毒性研究。

Natural toxins Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<265::aid-nt65>3.0.co;2-5

N J Alexander, S P McCormick, S L Ziegenhorn

引用次数: 53