Isabell Borutta, Stefan Sosnowski, Michael Zehetleitner, N. Bischof, K. Kühnlenz
{"title":"Generating artificial smile variations based on a psychological system-theoretic approach","authors":"Isabell Borutta, Stefan Sosnowski, Michael Zehetleitner, N. Bischof, K. Kühnlenz","doi":"10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326255","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional expressions are considered to be important for robotic and virtual agents to improve non-verbal communication in human-machine-interaction. In this paper we focus on a subset of emotional expressions, namely the smile and it's variations. The proposed concept for generating artificial smile sequences is based on the system-theoretic psychological model of smiling, which is based on the Zurich Model of Social Motivation. The model and seven different types of smiles are introduced and it is presented how to integrate this model in a virtual agent. The evaluation of the generated facial expressions shows that the seven types of smiles are distinguishable from each other and can be classified according to given categories.","PeriodicalId":187657,"journal":{"name":"RO-MAN 2009 - The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124867686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiming Shen, H. Kose-Bagci, J. Saunders, K. Dautenhahn
{"title":"An experimental investigation of interference effects in human-humanoid interaction games","authors":"Qiming Shen, H. Kose-Bagci, J. Saunders, K. Dautenhahn","doi":"10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326342","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating how people respond to and relate to robots is a multifaceted scientific challenge. This paper reports on an experimental investigation concerning movement interference effects between a human and a robot. We compare results with that obtained by Oztop et al. [1], however, in our study we used a small child-sized robot (KASPAR) with an overall human-like appearance. The experiment was conducted with both child and adult participants who interacted with a small humanoid robot using arm waving behaviours. The experimental setup was designed to be less constrained than in [1] with an emphasis on playful interaction. The experimental results did not show evidence for interference effects. This might be due to a more game-like and less constrained experimental environment or to the specific features of the robot or both. In addition to measurements of the variance of the movements, we investigated a measure for behavioural synchrony between human and robot movements based on the concept of information distance. The results of information distance analysis indicated that most of the human participants were affected by the robot's behavioural rhythms. While our experiments did not show a movement interference effect, we found behavioural adaptation of participants' movement timing to the robot's movements. Thus, the measure of behavioural synchrony that we introduced appears useful for complementing other measures (such as variance) previously used in the literature.","PeriodicalId":187657,"journal":{"name":"RO-MAN 2009 - The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","volume":"35 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117278243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How robots' questions affect the accuracy of the human responses","authors":"Stephanie Rosenthal, A. Dey, M. Veloso","doi":"10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326291","url":null,"abstract":"Asking questions is an inevitable part of collaborative interactions between humans and robots. However, robotics novices may have difficulty answering the robots' questions if they do not understand what the robot is asking. We are particularly interested in whether robots can supplement their questions with information about their state in a manner that increases the accuracy of human responses. In this work, we design and carefully analyze a human-robot collaborative task experiment to measure humans' responses and accuracies to different amounts of supplemental information. We vary the content of the questions along four dimensions of the robot state, namely uncertainty, context, predictions, and feature selection. Based on our results, we contribute guidelines on the effective combination of the four dimensions, under the assumption that the robot has no limitations on generating question context. Finally, we validate our guidelines against educated recommendations from the HRI community.","PeriodicalId":187657,"journal":{"name":"RO-MAN 2009 - The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121243593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Online acquisition and visualization of motion primitives for humanoid robots","authors":"D. Kulić, Hirotaka Imagawa, Yoshihiko Nakamura","doi":"10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326307","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an on-line, interactive approach for incremental learning and visualization of full body motion primitives from observation of human motion. The human demonstrator motion is captured in a motion capture studio. The continuous observation sequence is first partitioned into motion segments, using stochastic segmentation. Motion segments are next incrementally clustered and organized into a hierarchical tree structure representing the known motion primitives. At the same time, the sequential relationship between motion primitives is learned, to enable the generation of coherent sequences of motion primitives. An on-line visualization system is also developed to allow the demonstrator to visualize the motion database and the motion primitives learned by the system, thus giving the demonstrator insight into the learning process and the ability to interactively modify the demonstration based on the current state of the knowledge base. The developed system has many potential applications for motion analysis, prediction and imitation learning for humanoid robots.","PeriodicalId":187657,"journal":{"name":"RO-MAN 2009 - The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123907698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Incremental reconstruction of texture based on spatial information","authors":"Xianming Ye, H. Moon, Hyoukryeol Choi","doi":"10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326309","url":null,"abstract":"The requirement of effective reconstruction of surface texture has been raised by applications concerning interaction with objects; however, the reconstruction of precise details of texture is seldom discussed. In this paper, an algorithm for incremental reconstruction of the details of periodic textured surface is presented. The concept of polar spectrum is introduced to describe the spatial properties of the surface with respect to the direction of measurement. Based on the relation between spatial frequencies and directions, surface profiles in different directions can be rebuilt from with limited number of scans. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":187657,"journal":{"name":"RO-MAN 2009 - The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124228973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal arrangement of ceiling cameras for home service robots using genetic algorithms","authors":"S. Nikolaidis, T. Arai","doi":"10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326341","url":null,"abstract":"In the near future robots will be used in home environments to provide assistance for the elderly and challenged people. As home environments are complicated, external sensors like ceiling cameras need to be placed on the environment to provide the robot with information about its position. The pose of cameras influences the area covered by the cameras, as well as the error of the robot localization. We examine the problem of the finding the arrangement of ceiling cameras at home environments that maximizes the area covered and minimizes the localization error. Genetic algorithms are proposed for the single and multi-objective optimization problem. Simulation results indicate that we can obtain the optimal arrangement of cameras that satisfies the given objectives and the required constraints.","PeriodicalId":187657,"journal":{"name":"RO-MAN 2009 - The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128354231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling and identification of 2 DOF low cost platform for driving simulator: Experimental results","authors":"Hichem Arioui, S. Hima, L. Nehaoua","doi":"10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326344","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with modeling, control and identification issues of 2 degrees of freedom (DOF) low cost driving simulator validated by experimental results with a human in the loop. A first study, dealing with choices of the platform's motion, has conducted us to an original architecture allowing the restitution of longitudinal and yaw movements based mechanics. To better immerse the driver in the virtual world and stimulate his perception, a haptic feedback steering wheel is be implemented to assist the human in driving. The present motion platform is designed to help psychophysicists to assess the effects of yaw components on the simulator sickness. Experimental studies were carried out to devise a characterization of the platform capabilities, frequency responses and for classical drive operation. Conclusion and future works are given.","PeriodicalId":187657,"journal":{"name":"RO-MAN 2009 - The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131735067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An experimental comparison of preprocessing methods for age classification","authors":"Youngwoo Yoon, H. Yoon, Jaeyeon Lee","doi":"10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326053","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates image transformations as preprocessing steps that can be applied toward a state-of-the-art age classification framework of manifold learning. We report on the experimental results of four different preprocessing methods in terms of classification accuracy using a large training and test face database. The use of histograms of oriented gradient (HOG) descriptors increases the classification accuracy from 46 to 75%. Robustness to the rotation and translation is also tested.","PeriodicalId":187657,"journal":{"name":"RO-MAN 2009 - The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127485525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robots in mental therapy: Its possibility and danger","authors":"T. Nomura","doi":"10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326269","url":null,"abstract":"The research discusses the meaning that communication robots have in the context of mental therapy. This theoretical discussion is undertaken from a psychological and sociological perspective. It investigates what happens when robots are introduced into current social situations. It focuses on applications of robots that substitute as autonomous artifacts behaving like humans for human therapists.","PeriodicalId":187657,"journal":{"name":"RO-MAN 2009 - The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126845809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niklas Beuter, Okko Lohmann, Joachim Schmidt, F. Kummert
{"title":"Directed attention - a cognitive vision system for a mobile robot","authors":"Niklas Beuter, Okko Lohmann, Joachim Schmidt, F. Kummert","doi":"10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2009.5326156","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we introduce a method to combine bottom-up saliency, texture descriptors and top-down attention to direct the focus on arbitrary objects in a human-robot interaction scenario. In a usual bottom-up attention process interesting features are extracted out of the image to focus on salient regions. We expand this approach with a top-down process, which determines in one single image the most discriminative features that separate fore- and background best for the observed context. In order to enable the robot also focussing on complex objects like humans, we propose to use a simple model consisting of multiple regions. Thus, the position of an object can be estimated using a probability distribution generated by the attention process. Finally, the system is unrestricted in terms of scene constraints or object appearance and can deal with the requirements of a mobile robot scenario. The attention system has been evaluated both in a human-robot interaction scenario, directing the attention towards interaction partners and in an object learning scenario, focusing on objects. Our results show that the system performed robustly in different applications without any changes to the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":187657,"journal":{"name":"RO-MAN 2009 - The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128195570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}