Molecular Biology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of genetic diversity in Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae): A study based on microsatellite molecular markers.","authors":"Qing Zhang, Zhimin Jin, Jinping Hu, Xiwen Zhang, Jialei He, Yujing Feng, Fushi Quan, Bao Yuan, Liang Wang, Yu Ding","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10328-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10328-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the genetic background of Korean field mouse(Apodemus peninsulae Thomas, 1906) is important for employing the animal as an experimental model in research. However, limited genetic information is available about A. peninsulae.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This study aimed to develop microsatellite molecular markers based on the genome sequence of A. peninsulae and establish a genetic evaluation system for A. peninsulae. Twenty-nine polymorphic microsatellite markers were identified via electrophoretic analysis, short tandem repeat scanning, and sequencing, and genetic diversity in three populations of A. peninsulae from Dalian City, Liaoning Province (LN), Changchun City, Jilin Province (JL) and Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province (HLJ) was analyzed. A total of 229 alleles (Na) were detected in 115 A. peninsulae individuals. The mean observed alleles and effective alleles (Ne) were 7.897 and 3.571, respectively. The Shannon index(I) averaged 1.401, indicating high genetic diversity, whereas the mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.543 and 0.668, respectively. The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.627, which validated high genetic diversity in the three populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) (genetic differentiation coefficient (FST) = 0.062) showed that the genetic distances were 0.083 (LN and JL), 0.203 (LN and HLJ), and 0.195 (JL and HLJ), indicating that the two artificially domesticated populations were genetically indistinguishable. Meanwhile, the wild HLJ population was significantly different from the other two artificially domesticated populations. The results of structural analysis, phylogenetic tree construction, and principal component analysis (PCA) were consistent with those of AMOVA. In addition, gene flow analysis used to explore genetic exchange confirmed the flow of genetic information among the three populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The microsatellite loci identified in this study are highly polymorphic and suitable for the genetic quality control of A. peninsulae, providing an important genetic basis for the breeding of A. peninsulae and evaluating its genetic potential. Thus, this study lays a scientific foundation for the future genetic improvement and resource utilization of this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IRS gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Hulya Ozkan, Mustafa Yildiz, Ayten Ustundag, Ismail Kara, Baburhan Guldiken, Necdet Sut, Tammam Sipahi","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10352-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10352-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Factors that cause changes in insulin signaling in the brain are thought to affect the synaptic plasticity and accelerate the process of brain aging and neurodegeneration. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) molecules are key mediators in insulin signaling. The aim of the current study is to determine whether there is an association between IRS gene polymorphisms, which are critical for insulin signaling, and the late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Turkish patients.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Demographic and clinical characteristics of 115 patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (age of onset ≥ 65 years) and 107 age-matched control subjects were obtained. DNAs were isolated from patient and control groups, IRS-1 and IRS-2 gene polymorphisms were investigated and genotyped according to the PCR-RFLP method. No statistically significant difference was observed in the genotypes for IRS-1 Gly972Arg (rs1801278) (p = 0.499) and IRS-2 Gly1057Asp (rs1805097) polymorphism between late-onset Alzheimer's disease patients and controls (p = 0.658). However, when the compliance of IRS-2 polymorphism with Hardy- Weinberg distribution was tested, in the case-control comparison, G allele frequency of IRS-2 polymorphisms was significantly higher in the patient population than in the control group in the Turkish population of the Thrace region.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the potential role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in the development of Alzheimer's disease, we did not find any association between polymorphism of the IRS-1 and IRS-2 genes and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. However, compared to the healthy subjects, Gly/Gly genotypes and the G allele in the IRS-2 were significantly more frequent in patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antioxidant activity of brown macroalgae found in Lampung Bay, Indonesia and molecular identification using DNA barcode cox1 BLAST.","authors":"Betutu Senggagau, Manja Meyky Bond, Suryadi Saputra, Brata Pantjara, Lili Sholichah","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10348-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10348-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study on identifying of brown macroalgae species, particularly those on the southern coast of Lampung Bay-Indonesia, at the molecular level and their antioxidant activity has never been conducted, so we examined it as our purpose study.</p><p><strong>Method and results: </strong>The research uses DPPH free radical scavenging activity and molecular identification using DNA barcode cox1 BLAST. Fifteen samples of fresh brown macroalgae with five samples, respectively, were collected from Sebalang Beach, Kalianda and Pesawaran, South Lampung. The DNA was first purified, and then the gene product was amplified using specific primers, cox1F1 primer and cox1R1 primer. The DNA sequence was checked and traced using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The three most dominant species of brown macroalgae were identified, namely Sargassum plagiophyllum, Sargassum ilicifolium and Hormophysa cuneiformis. The base length obtained ranged from 1164 to 1212 bp, with a similarity percentage of 98.36% to 100%. The three types of brown macroalgae have the ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals. Ethanol solvent and extract fractions significantly influence the reduction of DPPH free radicals. The ethanolic extract fraction of S. ilicifolium exhibited the lowest EC₅₀ value (64.17 ± 1.23 mg L^-1) and has the strongest antioxidant activity, followed by H. cuneiformis (75.88 ± 0.34 mg L^-1), and S. plagiophyllum (82.97 ± 1.30 mg L^-1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The difference in species of brown macroalgae had no significant effect on the EC₅₀ activity, and all three had robust antioxidant activity because their concentrations ranged between 50 and 100 mg L^-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Expression of Nogo-66 receptor in human astrocytoma is correlated with tumor malignancy.","authors":"Nanxiang Xiong, Jianying Shen, Shuai Li, Junjun Li, Hongyang Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10294-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10294-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of G1 phase kinetics on the acquisition of stemness in cancer cells: the critical role of cyclin D.","authors":"Yasin Ahmadi, Tahran Faiq, Sakhavat Abolhasani","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10351-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10351-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a unique subpopulation of cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate, thereby sustaining tumor growth and contributing to disease recurrence. Although CSCs predominantly reside in the G₀ phase, their stem-like properties, such as the expression of specific CD markers, self-renewal, differentiation potential, tumor initiation, drug resistance, and increased invasive and metastatic potential, manifest during their active proliferative phase. Rapidly dividing cells exhibit alterations in their cell cycle, often characterized by shortened or bypassed G₁ phases, a phenomenon observed in both embryonic stem cells and cancerous cells. Dysregulation of cell cycle control is a hallmark of cancer, leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis. Disruption in key regulatory proteins, signaling pathways, and cell cycle checkpoints-particularly during the G₁ phase-enables cancer cells to escape normal proliferation restrictions. The rapid cell-cycle progression can impair the timely degradation of proteins critical for cell cycle regulation, particularly cyclin D, thereby compromising proper cell cycle control. Therefore these proteins may be passed to daughter cells, promoting further rounds of rapid cycles. Additionally, cyclin D is often overexpressed in cancer cells, further exacerbating uncontrolled proliferation. These mechanisms may underpin key properties of CSCs, including rapid proliferation and their stem-like traits. This review examines the relationship between G₁ phase kinetics and the acquisition of stem-like characteristics, emphasizing how rapid G₁ phase progression and transitions between dormancy and active proliferation contribute to the emergence of CSC traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family in six Rosaceae species and expression analysis of GST genes in Rosa chinensis.","authors":"Mengni Ma, Ding Xu, Runzhou Chen, Junzhong Shang, Guogui Ning","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10337-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11033-025-10337-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including plant development, endogenous metabolism, stress tolerance, and xenobiotic detoxification. However, the comparative analysis of the GST gene family in Rosaceae species and their expression patterns in roses remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, a total of 348 GSTs were identified in six Rosaceae species, including 78 in rose (Rosa chinensis), 53 in strawberry (Fragaria vesca), 69 in peach (Prunus persica), 59 in Chinese plum (Prunus mume), 43 in apple (Malus domestica), and 46 in pear (Pyrus communis). These GST proteins were classified into nine subfamilies. Chromosome localization, collinearity analysis, and gene duplication relationships revealed that tandem repeats are the main driving force for the amplification of GST genes in the Rosoideae and Amygdaloideae. Gene Ontology (GO) and cis-element analysis suggested that GST genes may play a significant role in a variety of biological processes and respond to various abiotic stresses. qRT-PCR analysis showed that five GST genes, mainly expressed in the flower tissue of the Rosa chinensis 'Old Blush', as well as under four different abiotic treatments, revealed differences in their expression pattern, suggesting that RcGSTs may have different responses to abiotic stresses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides essential data to support a systematic investigation of the GST gene family within the Rosaceae family and the functional validation of GST genes in roses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pantothenic acid derivative dexpanthenol ameliorated doxorubicin-induced neurotoxicity via regulating AKT/CREB/BDNF and AKT/NRF2 signaling pathways.","authors":"Melike Dogan Unlu, Mehtap Savran, Orhan Imeci, Halil Asci, Ozlem Ozmen","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10228-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11033-025-10228-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced neurotoxicity is a well-documented side effect of chemotherapy. Dexpanthenol (Dex), an analog of vitamin B5, has shown protective properties. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms by which Dex mitigates Dox-induced neurotoxicity, particularly through the protein kinase B (AKT)/cyclic AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The experiment was conducted using four groups: control, Dex, Dox, and Dox + Dex, comprising a total of 32 female Wistar Albino rats. After two weeks of treatment, the rats were euthanized, and brain and cerebellum tissues were collected for analysis. Biochemical analysis was performed spectrophotometrically to assess oxidative stress parameters, while histological and immunostaining analyses focused on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunoexpressions. Genetic analysis of AKT, CREB, BDNF, and NRF2 gene expressions was conducted using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Histopathological evaluation of the Dox group revealed hyperemia, microhemorrhage, neuronal damage, and neuronophagia. Additionally, an increase in caspase-3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, NF-κB, and iNOS immunoexpressions were observed, along with elevated total oxidant status and oxidative stress index. A decrease in AKT, CREB, BDNF, and NRF2 gene expressions accompanied these changes. Dex treatment significantly reversed these pathological findings, effectively protecting the brain from Dox-induced neuronal damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, Dex may provide neuroprotection in female rats with Dox-induced neurotoxicity by activating the CREB/BDNF pathway and reducing oxidative stress through AKT-mediated NRF2 synthesis. Further detailed studies exploring additional pathways are required to incorporate Dex into cancer treatment protocols and minimize side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and their potential therapeutic roles in treating rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"S Aghajani, S A Maboudi, I Seyhoun, R Rahim Nia, A Namazi Shabestari, Sh Sharif, M Daneshi, Javad Verdi","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10290-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10290-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), one of the most significant categories of stem cells, have garnered considerable attention for their potential in disease treatment due to their unique regenerative properties. MSCs can modulate immune responses through various mechanisms, including the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10, TGF-β, and extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. The immunomodulatory properties of exosomes have led to their use in treating multiple autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a common inflammatory joint disease worldwide. Patients with RA experience chronic joint pain, movement disorders, joint and cartilage deformities, and significant treatment costs. The primary treatments for RA consist of pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical methods, which mainly focus on alleviating symptoms and relieving pain rather than offering a complete cure for the disease. Recent clinical trials suggest that cell therapy along with exosome therapy, may be a promising and effective treatment option. Exosomes possess unique features that enable them to transport a variety of medicinal and biological compounds, as well as secrete anti-inflammatory substances and growth factors. Thus, exosomes can help reduce inflammation and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis while promoting joint repair and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the remarkable therapeutic effects of MSC-derived exosomes in reducing inflammation, facilitating joint repair, and providing pain relief in RA patients. We also detail the characteristics of MSC-derived exosomes, their isolation techniques, and the pathways of their secretion.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical value of serum PRDM16 in early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of lung adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Meng Fan, Meng Li, Jiejun Zhou, Anqi Li, Yan Sun, Puyu Shi, Shuo Zhang, Mingwei Chen, Hui Ren","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10315-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10315-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16) is essential for the development of cardiomyopathy and some tumors. This study aimed to verify its expression level and clinical value for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) early diagnosis and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Public databases were searched to assess PRDM16 expression and its role in prognosis. PRDM16 expression was evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. We explored the relationship between PRDM16 levels and clinical characteristics. Early diagnosis and prognosis of PRDM16 alone or in conjunction with traditional tumor markers for utilizing an operating system and area under the curve (AUC). The UALCAN tool revealed low PRDM16 expression in LUAD tissues. Patients had a poorer overall survival. PRDM16 mRNA and protein levels were lower at the cellular, serum and tissues levels. Serum PRDM16 levels differed significantly between the groups in terms of tumor stage, size, and metastasis to the lymph nodes and organs. When PRDM16 was used to diagnose and assess prognosis of LUAD, the AUC reached 0.804 and 0.727, respectively. Interestingly, in predicting the early diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD, the AUC of the three markers (PRDM16, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 125) reached 0.946 and 0.822, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PRDM16 expression could be an effective parameter diagnosing and assessing the prognosis of LUAD. Serum PRDM16 may be a convenient way to identify LUAD, especially, when PRDM16 is combined with traditional tumor markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional validation of putative PIP-box promoters of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri using GFP as a reporter.","authors":"Luana Cristina Amistá, Rafael Marini Ferreira, Murilo Ferreira Othonicar, Carlos Antonio Couto Lima, Alessandro de Mello Varani, Adriano Ferrasa, Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro, Jesus Aparecido Ferro","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10327-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10327-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plant-Inducible Promoter boxes (PIP-boxes) are conserved sequences found within the promoter regions of various genes in phytopathogenic bacteria, including the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri), the causative agent of citrus canker. These sequences are activated by host plant signals during infection, playing a critical role in regulating genes linked to pathogenicity and virulence, thereby facilitating plant-pathogen interactions.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This study evaluated the functionality and expression strength of putative PIP-box sequences located upstream of the XAC0360, XAC0416, XAC2370, and XAC2922 genes in X. citri subsp. citri strain 306 (X. citri 306). Engineered strains of X. citri 306 were created with expression vectors containing a gfp reporter gene driven by each respective PIP-box sequence. GFP expression was assessed in planta through fluorescence microscopy and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Fluorescence microscopy showed that the PIP-box promoter of XAC0416 exhibited strong transcriptional activity, with significantly higher fluorescence intensity than the promoters of XAC0360, XAC2370, and XAC2922. This indicates that the XAC0416 PIP-box is particularly effective for driving GFP expression and may serve as a valuable tool for future gene expression studies. Furthermore, the lack of fluorescence in the wild-type X. citri strain confirms the specificity of the engineered expression system.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that the tested PIP-box sequences function as active promoters, each exhibiting distinct expression strengths. The strong activity of the XAC0416 PIP-box highlights its potential for applications in the study of specific genes in X. citri.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}