{"title":"Toxic Keratopathy Induced by Self-Application of Seawater.","authors":"Huda AlGhadeer, Thamer Bukhari, Mohammed AlAmry","doi":"10.4103/meajo.meajo_313_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/meajo.meajo_313_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To report a case of toxic keratopathy secondary to the self-application of seawater eye drops. A 60-year-old male who presented with unexplained unilateral decrease in vision and corneal thinning. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/400 OD, slit-lamp examination indicated diffuse corneal edema with central thinning, intact sensation, and no vascularization. Laboratory analysis of the eye drops in conjunction with clinical symptoms and findings was consistent with toxic keratopathy. Toxic keratopathy can masquerade as the other forms of keratopathy, and a thorough history taking and laboratory analysis may help elucidate the diagnosis and avoid significant visual morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18740,"journal":{"name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"29 1","pages":"63-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10586422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fahad A Alghulaydhawi, Reem M Hersi, Sami Al-Shahwan
{"title":"Perception of Medical Professionalism Among Ophthalmology Residents in Saudi Arabia: A National Survey Study.","authors":"Fahad A Alghulaydhawi, Reem M Hersi, Sami Al-Shahwan","doi":"10.4103/meajo.meajo_239_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/meajo.meajo_239_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Studies have shown that there are significant differences in the concepts of medical professionalism among residents. Very few studies have specifically evaluated the perception of medical professionalism in a specific specialty. The aim of the study is to evaluate the perception of medical professionalism among ophthalmology residents and to assess the differences in the concept of professionalism between junior and senior residents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire to survey ophthalmology residents enrolled in different regions of Saudi Arabia in 2020. The ophthalmology residents included both junior and senior residents. In this study, \"professionalism\" concurred with the definition in the American Board of Internal Medicine's \"Project Professionalism\" and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 167 participants were recruited in the study. Out of the 127 participants who completed the survey, 60 (47.24%) were junior residents and 67 (52.76%) were senior residents. The scores for the attributes varied markedly. The lowest score obtained was 6.54 ± 3.349 for the attribute \"In an emergency putting the welfare of others over my own safety\" in the \"Altrusim\" domain and the highest score obtained was 9.62 ± 0.854 for the attribute \"respect for co-workers\" in the \"Respect for others\" domain. Out of the total residents who completed the survey (<i>n</i> = 127), 84 (66.14%) agreed that professionalism is teachable through a residency curriculum and 85 (66.93%) thought that it is testable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The characteristics of different attributes of professionalism varied significantly among the residents. The findings of the present study highlights that the conceptualization and perception of professionalism is changing and there is a need to focus on the resident curriculum to instill the values of professionalism. Targeted training is needed on the concepts of professionalism to develop behaviors consistent with medical professionalism and to evaluate the levels of professionalism among residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18740,"journal":{"name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"29 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10586419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulaziz K Alsarhani, Abdullah I Almater, Mansour A Alobrah, Rahaf M Al Malawi, Waleed K Alsarhani
{"title":"Fate of Abstracts Presented at the Saudi Ophthalmology Society Conferences 2015-2018.","authors":"Abdulaziz K Alsarhani, Abdullah I Almater, Mansour A Alobrah, Rahaf M Al Malawi, Waleed K Alsarhani","doi":"10.4103/meajo.meajo_67_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/meajo.meajo_67_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the study was to determine the publication rates of abstracts presented at the annual Saudi Ophthalmology Society (SOS) Conferences from 2015 to 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study on abstracts collected from the scientific programs for the SOS meetings from 2015 to 2018. Titles and first authors' names were used in the search process on PubMed. A Chi-square test was conducted to compare between the categorical variables. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for nonnormally distributed variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 365 abstracts were presented in the SOS Conferences from 2015 to 2018. In the SOS meetings (2015-2018), the publication rate was 45.7%. Seventy-two (43.1%) of the published abstracts were published in journals with an impact factor. The mean impact factor was 1.4 ± 1.9. The median time to publication was 12.0 months (range: 0-60 months). On univariate analysis, basic science (<i>P</i> < 0.001), abstracts on rare diseases (<i>P</i> = 0.003), affiliation with eye hospitals (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and public hospitals (0.007) were associated with a higher publication rate. On multivariate analysis, basic science studies (odds ratio [OR]: 4.23, confidence interval [CI]: 1.77-10.12, <i>P</i> = 0.001), rare topic-related abstracts (OR: 2.03, CI: 1.22-3.38, <i>P</i> = 0.007), and eye center affiliation (OR: 1.67, CI: 1.03-2.68, <i>P</i> = 0.036) were associated with a better publication rate. The factors associated with publication in high impact factor journals were oral abstracts (<i>P</i> = 0.007) and noncase report abstracts (<i>P</i> = 0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Basic science studies, rare topic-related abstracts, and first author affiliation with an eye center were all associated with a higher publication rate. Orally presented and noncase report abstracts increased the chance of publication in higher impact factor journals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18740,"journal":{"name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"29 1","pages":"33-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10572795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulrahman H Badawi, Moustafa S Magliyah, Patrik Schatz, Abdulaziz Al-Shehri, Abdulelah A Alabdullah
{"title":"Intermediate Uveitis in Retinitis Pigmentosa Associated with a Novel Homozygous Splice Site Mutation in <i>PRPF8</i>.","authors":"Abdulrahman H Badawi, Moustafa S Magliyah, Patrik Schatz, Abdulaziz Al-Shehri, Abdulelah A Alabdullah","doi":"10.4103/meajo.meajo_98_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/meajo.meajo_98_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The manifestation of intermediate uveitis (IU) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is uncommon and poses diagnostic and management challenges. In this case, we describe the clinical features and management outcomes in an RP patient with a novel homozygous splice site mutation in PRPF8. A 21-year-old male presented with unilateral decrease of vision in the right eye for 1 week. Retinal dystrophy features were present in the left eye. After 2 weeks of topical steroid therapy, near-total resolution of IU was achieved and vision improved to 20/30. Signs of (RP) were present bilaterally, with the right eye more affected than the left. Genetic testing indicated a novel homozygous c. 3061-6_3061-3del mutation in the <i>PRPF8</i> gene. IU in young patients with RP can be effectively treated with a short course of topical steroids, sparing the need for systemic immunosuppressives. After the improvement in IU, the right eye showed more advanced RP changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18740,"journal":{"name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"29 1","pages":"59-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10805876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nada H Almadhi, Eliot R Dow, R V Paul Chan, Sulaiman M Alsulaiman
{"title":"Multimodal Imaging, Tele-Education, and Telemedicine in Retinopathy of Prematurity.","authors":"Nada H Almadhi, Eliot R Dow, R V Paul Chan, Sulaiman M Alsulaiman","doi":"10.4103/meajo.meajo_56_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/meajo.meajo_56_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease that affects retinal vasculature in premature infants and remains one of the leading causes of blindness in childhood worldwide. ROP screening can encounter some difficulties such as the lack of specialists and services in rural areas. The evolution of technology has helped address these issues and led to the emergence of state-of-the-art multimodal digital imaging devices such fundus cameras with its variable properties, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, and fluorescein angiography which has helped immensely in the process of improving ROP care and understanding the disease pathophysiology. Computer-based imaging analysis and deep learning have recently been demonstrating promising outcomes in regard to ROP diagnosis. Telemedicine is considered an acceptable alternative to clinical examination when optimal circumstances for ROP screening in certain areas are lacking, and the expansion of these programs has been reported. Tele-education programs in ROP have the potential to improve the quality of training to physicians to optimize ROP care.</p>","PeriodicalId":18740,"journal":{"name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"29 1","pages":"38-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10579514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Senjuti Dasgupta, Parul Jain, Nirmal K Bhattacharyya, Rojina Khatoon
{"title":"Clinicopathological Study of Meibomian Carcinoma of Eyelids - An Experience of Two Years in a Tertiary Care Center.","authors":"Senjuti Dasgupta, Parul Jain, Nirmal K Bhattacharyya, Rojina Khatoon","doi":"10.4103/meajo.meajo_298_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/meajo.meajo_298_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Meibomian carcinoma is a rare and aggressive malignant neoplasm of the eyelids. The clinical presentation often mimics benign conditions thereby making the diagnosis challenging. The aim of the study was to analyze cases of meibomian carcinoma, the specimens of which were received, in the past 2 years in the pathology department.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study was undertaken for 2 years and included 9 patients of meibomian carcinoma. For each case, detailed history and clinical findings were retrieved from the hospital records. Histopathological examination was undertaken in all cases after preparing hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides from tissue blocks preserved in the department.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 55 ± 15 years. Six (66.7%) patients were females, and the other three (33.3%) were male. Following surgery, gross examination of the specimens revealed that the mean size of the excised tumors was 2.45 ± 1.45 cm. The tumors were classified based on histopathological features according to growth pattern, cell type, and cytoarchitecture. Most cases had lobular growth pattern (5, 55.6% cases), consisted of epidermoid cells (5, 55.6% cases), and exhibited infiltrative cytoarchitecture (8, 88.9% cases).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early diagnosis of meibomian carcinoma is important to reduce mortality from the aggressive tumor. The knowledge of clinicopathological aspects of the tumors that were biopsied in the department of pathology in the past 2 years will help in diagnosis and management of such tumors in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":18740,"journal":{"name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"29 1","pages":"15-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10586423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waleed K Alsarhani, Abdullah I Almater, Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
{"title":"Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion Following Cocaine Inhalation: Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Waleed K Alsarhani, Abdullah I Almater, Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar","doi":"10.4103/meajo.meajo_65_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/meajo.meajo_65_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cocaine abuse has been reported to cause devastating systemic and ocular side effects. Retinal vascular occlusion following cocaine abuse has been scarcely reported in the literature. Herein, we are describing a rare case of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) following intranasal cocaine use in a young female. She presented to the emergency department 1 month after having blurred vision in the left eye, which started 1 day after cocaine nasal inhalation. Fundus examination of the left eye showed an inferotemporal BRAO. In conclusion, cocaine should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retinal arterial occlusion in young healthy patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18740,"journal":{"name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"29 1","pages":"56-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10581301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad T Rajabi, Kianoosh Shahraki, Atefeh Nozare, Zahra Moravej, Sepideh Tavakolizadeh, Reza E Salim, Farideh Hosseinzadeh, Shabahang Mohammadi, Azadeh Farahi, Kourosh Shahraki
{"title":"External versus Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy for Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.","authors":"Mohammad T Rajabi, Kianoosh Shahraki, Atefeh Nozare, Zahra Moravej, Sepideh Tavakolizadeh, Reza E Salim, Farideh Hosseinzadeh, Shabahang Mohammadi, Azadeh Farahi, Kourosh Shahraki","doi":"10.4103/meajo.meajo_238_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/meajo.meajo_238_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the study is to compare the surgical outcomes and success rates of external dacryocystorhinostomy (EX-DCR) versus endoscopic endonasal DCR (EN-DCR) for the treatment of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective nonrandomized study was conducted at Farabi Eye Hospital and Noor Eye Hospital, Iran. A review of electronic medical records of all patients with PANDO who underwent EX-DCR or EN-DCR between January 2016 and 2018 was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 803 patients underwent surgery, of which 618 patients (77%) were managed by EX-DCR and 185 patients (23%) by EN-DCR. The majority of cases (62%) were female. The mean age of the patients in EX-DCR and EN-DCR groups was 40.8 ± 14.2 and 34.3 ± 9.2 years, respectively. EX-DCR resulted in significantly less amount of pain compared to EN-DCR (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The success rate of surgery among EX-DCR and EN-DCR groups was 92.4% and 91.1%, respectively, and did not show statistically significant difference. A higher incidence of intraoperative hemorrhage requiring intervention was noted in the EN-DCR group (16.7% vs. 4.5%). Postoperative patient's satisfaction with EN-DCR and EX-DCR was 73% and 82%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both EX-DXR and endoscopic DCR surgeries have high success rates and low incidence of failure. The choice of DCR technique should be based on the experience of the surgeon and patient's lacrimal and nasal anatomy and preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":18740,"journal":{"name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10586421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nouf Abdulkalq Alzendi, Sami Alshahwan, Areej Alwehaib, Khawlah Alzaben, Sara Alhilali, Abeer Alkahtani
{"title":"The Ahmed versus Baerveldt Study at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital: Three-Year Treatment Outcomes.","authors":"Nouf Abdulkalq Alzendi, Sami Alshahwan, Areej Alwehaib, Khawlah Alzaben, Sara Alhilali, Abeer Alkahtani","doi":"10.4103/meajo.meajo_89_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/meajo.meajo_89_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of two frequently used surgical valves in treating refractory glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective and nonrandomized study comparing patients aged 18 years or older who underwent implantation using standardized surgical techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 86 patients were included in the study, 48 in the Ahmed group and 38 in the Baerveldt group. The overall success rate was 63.1% in both the groups. At the 3-year follow-up, the Ahmed group had a mean intraocular pressure (IOP) of 14.0 ± 4.8 mmHg (60% reduction) compared with 15.8 ± 6.2 mmHg (53.3% reduction) in the Baerveldt group (0.536). The Ahmed group required an average of 1.6 ± 1.3 medications (59% reduction) compared with 2.1 ± 1.7 (40% reduction) in the Baerveldt group (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite a high failure rate, both devices were effective in lowering IOP and the need for medications. Lower IOP and medications were needed in the Ahmed group.</p>","PeriodicalId":18740,"journal":{"name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"28 3","pages":"143-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8763102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39755421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raseel A Awad, Gorka Sesma, Suhaib Y Neyaz, Khabir Ahmad, Seham S Al Hemaidi, Abdulaziz H Awad
{"title":"Virtual Consultation for Red Eye: Accuracy Assessment in a Primary Care Center.","authors":"Raseel A Awad, Gorka Sesma, Suhaib Y Neyaz, Khabir Ahmad, Seham S Al Hemaidi, Abdulaziz H Awad","doi":"10.4103/meajo.meajo_306_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/meajo.meajo_306_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of teleexamination of red eye by a trained general practitioner (GP) compared to the gold standard (in-office consultation by an ophthalmologist).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a study of diagnostic accuracy. We included consecutive male or female patients aged ≥6 months who presented to a primary care clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with red eye. All the patients were initially evaluated by a trained GP using a standardized checklist and consulted virtually with an ophthalmologist. This was followed by an in-office eye examination conducted at a well-equipped ophthalmology clinic by a well-trained ophthalmologist. Data were analyzed using STATA 17.0 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 54 patients with red eye presented to the primary care clinic during September-November 2021 and were initially examined virtually and then in-office. The mean age of the patients was 39.72 ± 21.70 years (range 5-90 years). Thirty-three patients (61.1%) were males. The most common cause of red eye was conjunctivitis (46.3%) followed by dry eye (31.5%). There was a significant association between viral conjunctivitis and age (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and between dry eye and age (<i>P</i> = 0.002). Tele eye examination accurately identified the etiology of red eye in all 54 patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Telemedicine has the potential to correctly diagnose patients with red eye and can result in a substantial decrease in the number of people visiting the health-care centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18740,"journal":{"name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"28 3","pages":"180-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8763108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39755428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}