Molecular biology and evolution最新文献

{"title":"Evolution of the correlated genomic variation landscape across a divergence continuum in the genus Castanopsis.","authors":"Xue-Yan Chen, Biao-Feng Zhou, Yong Shi, Hui Liu, Yi-Ye Liang, Pär K Ingvarsson, Baosheng Wang","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The heterogeneous landscape of genomic variation has been well documented in population genomic studies. However, disentangling the intricate interplay of evolutionary forces influencing the genetic variation landscape over time remains challenging. In this study, we assembled a chromosome-level genome for Castanopsis eyrei and sequenced the whole genomes of 276 individuals from 12 Castanopsis species, spanning a broad divergence continuum. We found highly correlated genomic variation landscapes across these species. Furthermore, variations in genetic diversity and differentiation along the genome were strongly associated with recombination rates and gene density. These results suggest that long-term linked selection and conserved genomic features have contributed to the formation of a common genomic variation landscape. By examining how correlations between population summary statistics change throughout the species divergence continuum, we determined that background selection alone does not fully explain the observed patterns of genomic variation; the effects of recurrent selective sweeps must be considered. We further revealed that extensive gene flow has significantly influenced patterns of genomic variation in Castanopsis species. The estimated admixture proportion correlated positively with recombination rate and negatively with gene density, supporting a scenario of selection against gene flow. Additionally, putative introgression regions exhibited strong signals of positive selection, an enrichment of functional genes, and reduced genetic burdens, indicating that adaptive introgression has played a role in shaping the genomes of hybridizing species. This study provides insights into how different evolutionary forces have interacted in driving the evolution of the genomic variation landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The human accelerated region HAR202 controls NPAS3 expression in the developing forebrain displaying differential enhancer activity between modern and archaic human sequences.","authors":"Alfredo Leandro Caporale, Alejandro Raúl Cinalli, Marcelo Rubinstein, Lucía F Franchini","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been proposed that the phenotypic differences in cognitive abilities between humans and our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees, are largely due to changes in the regulation of neurodevelopmental genes. We have previously found that the neurodevelopmental transcription factor gene NPAS3 accumulates the largest number of human accelerated regions (HARs), suggesting it may play some role in the phenotypic evolution of the human nervous system. In this work, we performed a comparative functional analysis of NPAS3-HAR202 using enhancer reporter assays in transgenic zebrafish and mice. We found that the Homo sapiens HAR202 ortholog failed to drive reporter expression to the zebrafish nervous system, in high contrast to the strong expression displayed by the rest of vertebrate ortholog sequences tested. Remarkably, the HAR202 ortholog from archaic humans (Neanderthals/Denisovans) also displayed a pan-vertebrate expression pattern, despite the fact that archaic and modern humans have only one nucleotide substitution. Moreover, similar results were found when comparing enhancer activity in transgenic mice, where we observed loss of activity of the modern human version in the mouse developing brain. To investigate the functional importance of HAR202 we generated mice lacking HAR202 and found a remarkable decrease of Npas3 expression in the forebrain during development. Our results place HAR202 as one of the very few examples of a neurodevelopmental transcriptional enhancer displaying functional evolution in the brain as a result of a fast molecular evolutionary process that specifically occurred in the human lineage.</p>","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid loss of nutritional symbionts in an endemic Hawaiian herbivore radiation is associated with plant galling habit.","authors":"Allison K Hansen, Jacob A Argondona, Sen Miao, Diana M Percy, Patrick H Degnan","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insect herbivores frequently co-speciate with symbionts that enable them to survive on nutritionally unbalanced diets. While ancient symbiont gain and loss events have been pivotal for insect diversification and feeding niche specialization, evidence of recent events is scarce. We examine the recent loss of nutritional symbionts (in as little as 1 MY) in sap-feeding Pariaconus, an endemic Hawaiian insect genus that has undergone adaptive radiation, evolving various galling and free-living ecologies on a single host plant species, Metrosideros polymorpha within the last ∼5MY. Using 16S rRNA sequencing we investigated the bacterial microbiomes of 19 Pariaconus species and identified distinct symbiont profiles associated with specific host-plant ecologies. Phylogenetic analyses and metagenomic reconstructions revealed significant differences in microbial diversity and functions among psyllids with different host-plant ecologies. Within a few MY, Pariaconus species convergently evolved the closed-gall habit twice. This shift to enclosed galls coincided with loss of the Morganella-like symbiont that provides the essential amino acid arginine to free-living and open-gall sister species. After the Pariaconus lineage left Kauai and colonized younger islands, both open- and closed-gall species lost the Dickeya-like symbiont. This symbiont is crucial for synthesizing essential amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine) as well as B-vitamins in free-living species. The recurrent loss of these symbionts in galling species reinforces evidence that galls are nutrient sinks and combined with the rapidity of the evolutionary timeline, highlights the dynamic role of insect-symbiont relationships during the diversification of feeding ecologies. We propose new Candidatus names for the novel Morganella-like and Dickeya-like symbionts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Most pleiotropic effects of gene knockouts are evolutionarily transient in yeasts.","authors":"Li Liu, Yao Liu, Lulu Min, Zhenzhen Zhou, Xingxing He, YunHan Xie, Waifang Cao, Shuyun Deng, Xiaoju Lin, Xionglei He, Xiaoshu Chen","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pleiotropy, the phenomenon in which a single gene influences multiple traits, is a fundamental concept in genetics. However, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying pleiotropy require further investigation. In this study, we conducted parallel gene knockouts targeting 100 transcription factors in two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We systematically examined and quantified the pleiotropic effects of these knockouts on gene expression levels for each transcription factor. Our results showed that the knockout of a single gene generally affected the expression levels of multiple genes in both strains, indicating various degrees of pleiotropic effects. Strikingly, the pleiotropic effects of the knockouts change rapidly between strains in different genetic backgrounds, and ∼85% of them were non-conserved. Further analysis revealed that the conserved effects tended to be functionally associated with the deleted transcription factors, while the non-conserved effects appeared to be more ad hoc responses. In addition, we measured 184 yeast cell morphological traits in these knockouts and found consistent patterns. In order to investigate the evolutionary processes underlying pleiotropy, we examined the pleiotropic effects of standing genetic variations in a population consisting of ∼1000 hybrid progenies of the two strains. We observed that newly evolved expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) impacted the expression of a greater number of genes than did old eQTLs, suggesting that natural selection is gradually eliminating maladaptive or slightly deleterious pleiotropic responses. Overall, our results show that, although being prevalent for new mutations, the majority of pleiotropic effects observed are evolutionarily transient, which explains how evolution proceeds despite complicated pleiotropic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of fitness and gene expression epistasis generated by beneficial mutations in the rho and rpoB genes of Escherichia coli during high-temperature adaptation.","authors":"Andrea González-González, Tiffany N Batarseh, Alejandra Rodriguez-Verdugo, Brandon S Gaut","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epistasis is caused by genetic interactions among mutations that affect fitness. To characterize properties and potential mechanisms of epistasis, we engineered eight double mutants that combined mutations from the rho and rpoB genes of Escherichia coli. The two genes encode essential functions for transcription, and the mutations in each gene were chosen because they were beneficial for adaptation to thermal stress (42.2°C). The double mutants exhibited patterns of fitness epistasis that included diminishing-returns epistasis at 42.2°C, stronger diminishing-returns between mutations with larger beneficial effects, and both negative and positive (sign) epistasis across environments (20.0°C and 37.0°C). By assessing gene expression between single and double mutants, we detected hundreds of genes with gene expression epistasis. Previous work postulated that highly-connected hub genes in co-expression networks have low epistasis, but we found the opposite: hub genes had high epistasis values in both co-expression and protein-interaction networks. We hypothesized that elevated epistasis in hub genes reflected that they were enriched for targets of Rho termination, but that was not the case. Altogether, gene expression and co-expression analyses revealed that thermal adaptation occurred in modules, through modulation of ribonucleotide biosynthetic processes and ribosome assembly, the attenuation of expression in genes related to heat shock and stress responses, and with an overall trend toward restoring gene expression towards the unstressed state.</p>","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel expression domain of extradenticle underlies the evolutionary developmental origin of the chelicerate patella.","authors":"Benjamin C Klementz, Georg Brenneis, Isaac A Hinne, Ethan M Laumer, Sophie M Neu, Grace M Hareid, Guilherme Gainett, Emily V W Setton, Catalina Simian, David E Vrech, Isabella Joyce, Austen A Barnett, Nipam H Patel, Mark S Harvey, Alfredo V Peretti, Monika Gulia-Nuss, Prashant P Sharma","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neofunctionalization of duplicated gene copies is thought to be an important process underlying the origin of evolutionary novelty and provides an elegant mechanism for the origin of new phenotypic traits. One putative case where a new gene copy has been linked to a novel morphological trait is the origin of the arachnid patella, a taxonomically restricted leg segment. In spiders, the origin of this segment has been linked to the origin of the paralog dachshund-2, suggesting that a new gene facilitated the expression of a new trait. However, various arachnid groups that possess patellae do not have a copy of dachshund-2, disfavoring the direct link between gene origin and trait origin. We investigated the developmental genetic basis for patellar patterning in the harvestman Phalangium opilio, which lacks dachshund-2. Here, we show that the harvestman patella is established by a novel expression domain of the transcription factor extradenticle. Leveraging this definition of patellar identity, we surveyed targeted groups across chelicerate phylogeny to assess when this trait evolved. We show that a patellar homolog is present in Pycnogonida (sea spiders) and various arachnid orders, suggesting a single origin of the patella in the ancestor of Chelicerata. A potential loss of the patella is observed in Ixodida. Our results suggest that the modification of an ancient gene, rather than the neofunctionalization of a new gene copy, underlies the origin of the patella. Broadly, this work underscores the value of comparative data and broad taxonomic sampling when testing hypotheses in evolutionary developmental biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Genomics Supports Ecologically Induced Selection as a Putative Driver of Banded Penguin Diversification.","authors":"Fabiola León, Eduardo Pizarro, Daly Noll, Luis R Pertierra, Patricia Parker, Marcela P A Espinaze, Guillermo Luna-Jorquera, Alejandro Simeone, Esteban Frere, Gisele P M Dantas, Robin Cristofari, Omar E Cornejo, Rauri C K Bowie, Juliana A Vianna","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae166","DOIUrl":"10.1093/molbev/msae166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relative importance of genetic drift and local adaptation in facilitating speciation remains unclear. This is particularly true for seabirds, which can disperse over large geographic distances, providing opportunities for intermittent gene flow among distant colonies that span the temperature and salinity gradients of the oceans. Here, we delve into the genomic basis of adaptation and speciation of banded penguins, Galápagos (Spheniscus mendiculus), Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti), Magellanic (Spheniscus magellanicus), and African penguins (Spheniscus demersus), by analyzing 114 genomes from the main 16 breeding colonies. We aim to identify the molecular mechanism and genomic adaptive traits that have facilitated their diversifications. Through positive selection and gene family expansion analyses, we identified candidate genes that may be related to reproductive isolation processes mediated by ecological thermal niche divergence. We recover signals of positive selection on key loci associated with spermatogenesis, especially during the recent peripatric divergence of the Galápagos penguin from the Humboldt penguin. High temperatures in tropical habitats may have favored selection on loci associated with spermatogenesis to maintain sperm viability, leading to reproductive isolation among young species. Our results suggest that genome-wide selection on loci associated with molecular pathways that underpin thermoregulation, osmoregulation, hypoxia, and social behavior appears to have been crucial in local adaptation of banded penguins. Overall, these results contribute to our understanding of how the complexity of biotic, but especially abiotic, factors, along with the high dispersal capabilities of these marine species, may promote both neutral and adaptive lineage divergence even in the presence of gene flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Genes with Similar Functions Underlie Convergent Evolution in Myotis Bat Ecomorphs.","authors":"Ariadna E Morales, Frank T Burbrink, Marion Segall, Maria Meza, Chetan Munegowda, Paul W Webala, Bruce D Patterson, Vu Dinh Thong, Manuel Ruedi, Michael Hiller, Nancy B Simmons","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae165","DOIUrl":"10.1093/molbev/msae165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Convergence offers an opportunity to explore to what extent evolution can be predictable when genomic composition and environmental triggers are similar. Here, we present an emergent model system to study convergent evolution in nature in a mammalian group, the bat genus Myotis. Three foraging strategies-gleaning, trawling, and aerial hawking, each characterized by different sets of phenotypic features-have evolved independently multiple times in different biogeographic regions in isolation for millions of years. To investigate the genomic basis of convergence and explore the functional genomic changes linked to ecomorphological convergence, we sequenced and annotated 17 new genomes and screened 16,426 genes for positive selection and associations between relative evolutionary rates and foraging strategies across 30 bat species representing all Myotis ecomorphs across geographic regions as well as among sister groups. We identify genomic changes that describe both phylogenetic and ecomorphological trends. We infer that colonization of new environments may have first required changes in genes linked to hearing sensory perception, followed by changes linked to fecundity and development, metabolism of carbohydrates, and heme degradation. These changes may be linked to prey acquisition and digestion and match phylogenetic trends. Our findings also suggest that the repeated evolution of ecomorphs does not always involve changes in the same genes but rather in genes with the same molecular functions such as developmental and cellular processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GTRpmix: A Linked General Time-Reversible Model for Profile Mixture Models.","authors":"Hector Banos, Thomas K F Wong, Justin Daneau, Edward Susko, Bui Quang Minh, Robert Lanfear, Matthew W Brown, Laura Eme, Andrew J Roger","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae174","DOIUrl":"10.1093/molbev/msae174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Profile mixture models capture distinct biochemical constraints on the amino acid substitution process at different sites in proteins. These models feature a mixture of time-reversible models with a common matrix of exchangeabilities and distinct sets of equilibrium amino acid frequencies known as profiles. Combining the exchangeability matrix with each profile generates the matrix of instantaneous rates of amino acid exchange for that profile. Currently, empirically estimated exchangeability matrices (e.g. the LG matrix) are widely used for phylogenetic inference under profile mixture models. However, these were estimated using a single profile and are unlikely optimal for profile mixture models. Here, we describe the GTRpmix model that allows maximum likelihood estimation of a common exchangeability matrix under any profile mixture model. We show that exchangeability matrices estimated under profile mixture models differ from the LG matrix, dramatically improving model fit and topological estimation accuracy for empirical test cases. Because the GTRpmix model is computationally expensive, we provide two exchangeability matrices estimated from large concatenated phylogenomic-supermatrices to be used for phylogenetic analyses. One, called Eukaryotic Linked Mixture (ELM), is designed for phylogenetic analysis of proteins encoded by nuclear genomes of eukaryotes, and the other, Eukaryotic and Archaeal Linked mixture (EAL), for reconstructing relationships between eukaryotes and Archaea. These matrices, combined with profile mixture models, fit data better and have improved topology estimation relative to the LG matrix combined with the same mixture models. Starting with version 2.3.1, IQ-TREE2 allows users to estimate linked exchangeabilities (i.e. amino acid exchange rates) under profile mixture models.</p>","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial DNA Genomes Reveal Relaxed Purifying Selection During Human Population Expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum.","authors":"Hong-Xiang Zheng, Shi Yan, Menghan Zhang, Zhenglong Gu, Jiucun Wang, Li Jin","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae175","DOIUrl":"10.1093/molbev/msae175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern humans have experienced explosive population growth in the past thousand years. We hypothesized that recent human populations have inhabited environments with relaxation of selective constraints, possibly due to the more abundant food supply after the Last Glacial Maximum. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutations (N/S ratio) is a useful and common statistic for measuring selective constraints. In this study, we reconstructed a high-resolution phylogenetic tree using a total of 26,419 East Eurasian mitochondrial DNA genomes, which were further classified into expansion and nonexpansion groups on the basis of the frequencies of their founder lineages. We observed a much higher N/S ratio in the expansion group, especially for nonsynonymous mutations with moderately deleterious effects, indicating a weaker effect of purifying selection in the expanded clades. However, this observation on N/S ratio was unlikely in computer simulations where all individuals were under the same selective constraints. Thus, we argue that the expanded populations were subjected to weaker selective constraints than the nonexpanded populations were. The mildly deleterious mutations were retained during population expansion, which could have a profound impact on present-day disease patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}