Molecular biology and evolution最新文献

A de novo gene promotes seed germination under drought stress in Arabidopsis.

IF 11 1区生物学

Molecular biology and evolution Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae262

Guang-Teng Jin, Yong-Chao Xu, Xing-Hui Hou, Juan Jiang, Xin-Xin Li, Jia-Hui Xiao, Yu-Tao Bian, Yan-Bo Gong, Ming-Yu Wang, Zhi-Qin Zhang, Yong E Zhang, Wang-Sheng Zhu, Yong-Xiu Liu, Ya-Long Guo

{"title":"A de novo gene promotes seed germination under drought stress in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Guang-Teng Jin, Yong-Chao Xu, Xing-Hui Hou, Juan Jiang, Xin-Xin Li, Jia-Hui Xiao, Yu-Tao Bian, Yan-Bo Gong, Ming-Yu Wang, Zhi-Qin Zhang, Yong E Zhang, Wang-Sheng Zhu, Yong-Xiu Liu, Ya-Long Guo","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae262","url":null,"abstract":"The origin of genes from non-coding sequences is a long-term and fundamental biological question. However, how de novo genes originate and integrate into the existing pathways to regulate phenotypic variations is largely unknown. Here, we selected seven genes from 782 de novo genes for functional exploration based on transcriptional and translational evidence. Subsequently, we revealed that SWK, a de novo gene that originated from a non-coding sequence in Arabidopsis thaliana, plays a role in seed germination under osmotic stress. SWK is primarily expressed in dry seed, imbibing seed and silique. SWK can be fully translated into an 8 kDa protein, which is mainly located in the nucleus. Intriguingly, SWK was integrated into an extant pathway of hydrogen peroxide content (folate synthesis pathway) via the upstream gene cytHPPK/DHPS, an Arabidopsis-specific gene that originated from the duplication of mitHPPK/DHPS, and downstream gene GSTF9, to improve seed germination in osmotic stress. In addition, we demonstrated that the presence of SWK may be associated with drought tolerance in natural populations of Arabidopsis. Overall, our study highlights how a de novo gene originated and integrated into the existing pathways to regulate stress adaptation.","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MixtureFinder: Estimating DNA mixture models for phylogenetic analyses.

IF 11 1区生物学

Molecular biology and evolution Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae264

Huaiyan Ren, Thomas K F Wong, Bui Quang Minh, Robert Lanfear

{"title":"MixtureFinder: Estimating DNA mixture models for phylogenetic analyses.","authors":"Huaiyan Ren, Thomas K F Wong, Bui Quang Minh, Robert Lanfear","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae264","url":null,"abstract":"In phylogenetic studies, both partitioned models and mixture models are used to account for heterogeneity in molecular evolution among the sites of DNA sequence alignments. Partitioned models require the user to specify the grouping of sites into subsets, and then assume that each subset of sites can be modelled by a single common process. Mixture models do not require users to pre-specify subsets of sites, and instead calculate the likelihood of every site under every model, while co-estimating the model weights and parameters. While much research has gone into the optimisation of partitioned models by merging user-specified subsets, there has been less attention paid to the optimisation of mixture models for DNA sequence alignments. In this study, we first ask whether a key assumption of partitioned models - that each user-specified subset can be modelled by a single common process - is supported by the data. Having shown that this is not the case, we then design, implement, test, and apply an algorithm, MixtureFinder, to select the optimum number of classes for a mixture model of Q matrices for the standard models of DNA sequence evolution. We show this algorithm performs well on simulated and empirical datasets and suggest that it may be useful for future empirical studies. MixtureFinder is available in IQ-TREE2, and a tutorial for using MixtureFinder can be found here: http://www.iqtree.org/doc/Complex-Models#mixture-models.","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MEGA12: Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis version 12 for adaptive and green computing.

IF 11 1区生物学

Molecular biology and evolution Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae263

Sudhir Kumar, Glen Stecher, Michael Suleski, Maxwell Sanderford, Sudip Sharma, Koichiro Tamura

引用次数: 0

Navigating a fine balance: point-mutant cheater viruses disrupt the viral replication cycle. 微妙的平衡：点突变作弊病毒扰乱病毒复制周期。

IF 11 1区生物学

Molecular biology and evolution Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae258

Moran Meir, Arielle Kahn, Carmel Farage, Yael Maoz, Noam Harel, Adi Ben Zvi, Shir Segev, Maria Volkov, Ravit Yahud, Uri Gophna, Adi Stern

{"title":"Navigating a fine balance: point-mutant cheater viruses disrupt the viral replication cycle.","authors":"Moran Meir, Arielle Kahn, Carmel Farage, Yael Maoz, Noam Harel, Adi Ben Zvi, Shir Segev, Maria Volkov, Ravit Yahud, Uri Gophna, Adi Stern","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae258","url":null,"abstract":"Cheater viruses cannot replicate on their own yet replicate faster than the wild type (WT) when the two viruses coinfect the same cell. Cheaters must possess dual genetic features: a defect, which leads to their inability to infect cells on their own, and a selective advantage over WT during co-infection. Previously, we have discovered two point-mutant cheaters of the MS2 bacteriophage. Here, we set out to discover the possible repertoire of cheater MS2 viruses by performing experimental evolution at a very high multiplicity of infection (MOI). Our results revealed a third point-mutant cheater that arose in eight biological replicas. Each of the three primary cheaters disrupts the fine balance necessary for phage replication, in different ways that create a defect + advantage. We found that over time, the point mutant cheaters accumulate additional secondary mutations, which alter other stages of the viral replication cycle, complementing the disruptions created by the original cheater. Intriguingly, cheater and secondary mutations almost always reside in very close proximity on the genome. This region encodes for multiple functions: overlapping reading frames as well as overlapping RNA structures critical for transitioning from one stage to another in the viral replication cycle. This region of overlap explains the dual functions of cheaters, as one mutation can have pleiotropic effects. Overall, these findings underscore how viruses, whose dense genomes often have overlapping functions, can easily evolve point-mutant cheaters, and how cheaters can evolve to alter the intricate balance of the viral replication cycle.","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Circadian rhythm mechanisms underlying convergent adaptation of unihemispheric slow-wave sleep in marine mammals. 海洋哺乳动物单半球慢波睡眠趋同适应的昼夜节律机制。

IF 11 1区生物学

Molecular biology and evolution Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae257

Daiqing Yin, Zhenpeng Yu, Haojia Jiang, Yujie Chong, Cuijuan Zhong, Shixia Xu, Guang Yang

{"title":"Circadian rhythm mechanisms underlying convergent adaptation of unihemispheric slow-wave sleep in marine mammals.","authors":"Daiqing Yin, Zhenpeng Yu, Haojia Jiang, Yujie Chong, Cuijuan Zhong, Shixia Xu, Guang Yang","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae257","url":null,"abstract":"Marine mammals have evolved unihemispheric slow wave sleep (USWS), a unique state during which one cerebral hemisphere sleeps while the other remains awake, to mitigate the fundamental conflict between sleep and wakefulness. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we use a comparative phylogenetic approach to analyze genes associated with light-dependent circadian mechanisms, aiming to reconstruct the evolution of the circadian rhythm pathway in mammals and to identify adaptively changed components likely to have contributed to the development of USWS. Specifically, among eight genes with shared signals of positive selection in two USWS-specific lineages, seven genes showed direct evidence of affecting sleep and spontaneous movements. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that functional innovation in cetacean and non-phocid pinniped FBXL21, which was found to undergo positive selection, may be beneficial for decoupling sleep-wake patterns from daily rhythms to sustain continuous swimming. For cetaceans exhibiting only USWS, we identified 73 genes as rapidly evolving and 92 genes containing unique amino acid substitutions. Functional assays showed that a cetacean-specific mutation (F411Y) in NFIL3 led to a decrease in repressor activity and protein stability. Furthermore, convergent amino acid replacements detected in genes related to Ca2+ signaling and CREB phosphorylation suggest their crucial role in USWS adaptation. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms underlying USWS and provides a foundation for investigating how circadian rhythm changes contribute to variations in sleep and circadian behavior.","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Asymmetrical evolution of promoter methylation of mammalian genes after duplication.

IF 11 1区生物学

Molecular biology and evolution Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae259

Mercedes de la Fuente, Isabel Mendizabal, Mira Han, Soojin V Yi, David Alvarez-Ponce

{"title":"Asymmetrical evolution of promoter methylation of mammalian genes after duplication.","authors":"Mercedes de la Fuente, Isabel Mendizabal, Mira Han, Soojin V Yi, David Alvarez-Ponce","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae259","url":null,"abstract":"Even though gene duplication is a key source of new genes and evolutionary innovation, it is unclear how duplicates survive the period immediately following gene duplication, in which both copies are functionally redundant. In the absence of epigenetic silencing, the abundance of the gene product would double after gene duplication, which would often have deleterious effects. However, recent duplicates exhibit low expression levels, which could be at least partially explained by high levels of promoter methylation. What evolutionary paths lead to duplicate hypermethylation, and does it affect both duplicates, or only one? Here, we compare levels of promoter methylation in 10 human and 16 mouse tissues, between singletons and duplicates and among human-mouse orthologs of different kinds (one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many). Our results indicate that: (1) on average, duplicates are more methylated than singletons in mouse, but less methylated than singletons in human, (2) recently duplicated genes tend to exhibit high levels of promoter methylation, (3) genes that undergo duplication tend to be highly methylated before duplication, (4) after gene duplication, one of the copies (the daughter copy, i.e. the one that relocates to a new genomic context) tends to undergo an additional increase in promoter methylation, whereas the other (the parental copy, which remains in the original genomic location) tends to retain pre-duplication methylation levels, and (5) daughter copies tend to be lowly expressed. These observations support a model in which daughter copies are repressed via promoter hypermethylation and can thus survive the filter of purifying selection until both copies diverge functionally.","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co-evolution and Gene Transfers Drive Speciation Patterns in Host-Associated Bacteria. 共同进化和基因转移驱动宿主相关细菌的物种分化模式

IF 11 1区生物学

Molecular biology and evolution Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae256

Caroline Stott, Awa Diop, Kasie Raymann, Louis-Marie Bobay

{"title":"Co-evolution and Gene Transfers Drive Speciation Patterns in Host-Associated Bacteria.","authors":"Caroline Stott, Awa Diop, Kasie Raymann, Louis-Marie Bobay","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae256","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial communities that maintain symbiotic relationships with animals evolve by adapting to the specific environmental niche provided by their host, yet understanding their patterns of speciation remains challenging. Whether bacterial speciation occurs primarily through allopatric or sympatric processes remains an open question. In addition, patterns of DNA transfers, which are pervasive in bacteria, are more constrained in a closed host-gut system. Eusocial bees have co-evolved with their specialized microbiota for over 85 million years, constituting a simple and valuable system to study the complex dynamics of host-associated microbial interactions. Here we studied the patterns of speciation and evolution of seven specialized gut bacteria from three clades of eusocial bee species: western honey bees, eastern honey bees and bumblebees. We conducted genomic analyses to infer species delineation relative to the patterns of homologous recombination (HR), and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The studied bacteria presented various modes of evolution and speciation relative to their hosts, but some trends were consistent across all of them. We observed a clear interruption of homologous recombination between bacteria inhabiting different bee hosts, which is consistent with a mechanism of allopatric speciation, but we also identified interruptions of homologous recombination within hosts, suggesting recent or ongoing sympatric speciation. In contrast to HR, we observed that HGT events were not constrained by species borders. Overall, our findings show that in host-associated bacterial populations, patterns of HR and HGT have different impacts on speciation patterns, which are driven by both allopatric and sympatric speciation processes.","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Less, but more: new insights from appendicularians on chordate Fgf evolution and the divergence of tunicate lifestyles. 更少，但更多：附肢动物对脊索动物 Fgf 进化和鳞翅目生活方式分化的新见解。

IF 11 1区生物学

Molecular biology and evolution Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae260

Gaspar Sánchez-Serna, Jordi Badia-Ramentol, Paula Bujosa, Alfonso Ferrández-Roldán, Nuria P Torres-Águila, Marc Fabregà-Torrus, Johannes N Wibisana, Michael J Mansfield, Charles Plessy, Nicholas M Luscombe, Ricard Albalat, Cristian Cañestro

{"title":"Less, but more: new insights from appendicularians on chordate Fgf evolution and the divergence of tunicate lifestyles.","authors":"Gaspar Sánchez-Serna, Jordi Badia-Ramentol, Paula Bujosa, Alfonso Ferrández-Roldán, Nuria P Torres-Águila, Marc Fabregà-Torrus, Johannes N Wibisana, Michael J Mansfield, Charles Plessy, Nicholas M Luscombe, Ricard Albalat, Cristian Cañestro","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae260","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of gene loss on the diversification of taxa and the emergence of evolutionary innovations remains poorly understood. Here, our investigation on the evolution of the Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) in appendicularian tunicates as a case study reveals a scenario of \"less, but more\" characterized by massive losses of all Fgf gene subfamilies, except for the Fgf9/16/20 and Fgf11/12/13/14, which in turn underwent two bursts of duplications. Through phylogenetic analysis, synteny conservation, and gene and protein structure, we reconstruct the history of appendicularian Fgf genes, highlighting their paracrine and intracellular functions. Exhaustive analysis of developmental Fgf expression in Oikopleura dioica allow us to identify four associated evolutionary patterns characterizing the \"less, but more\" conceptual framework: conservation of ancestral functions; function shuffling between paralogs linked to gene losses; innovation of new functions after the duplication bursts; and function extinctions linked to gene losses. Our findings allow us to formulate novel hypotheses about the impact of Fgf losses and duplications on the transition from an ancestral ascidian-like biphasic lifestyle to the fully free-living appendicularians. These hypotheses include massive co-options of Fgfs for the development of the oikoblast and the tail fin; recruitment of Fgf11/12/13/14s into the evolution of a new mouth, and their role modulating neuronal excitability; the evolutionary innovation of an anterior tail FGF signaling source upon the loss of retinoic acid signaling; and the potential link between the loss of Fgf7/10/22 and Fgf8/17/18 and the loss of drastic metamorphosis and tail absorption in appendicularians, in contrast to ascidians.","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The rich evolutionary history of the Reactive Oxygen Species metabolic arsenal shapes its mechanistic plasticity at the onset of metazoan regeneration.

IF 11 1区生物学

Molecular biology and evolution Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae254

Aurore Vullien, Aldine Amiel, Loeiza Baduel, Dilara Diken, Cécile Renaud, Gabriel Krasovec, Michel Vervoort, Eric Rötinger, Eve Gazave

{"title":"The rich evolutionary history of the Reactive Oxygen Species metabolic arsenal shapes its mechanistic plasticity at the onset of metazoan regeneration.","authors":"Aurore Vullien, Aldine Amiel, Loeiza Baduel, Dilara Diken, Cécile Renaud, Gabriel Krasovec, Michel Vervoort, Eric Rötinger, Eve Gazave","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae254","url":null,"abstract":"Regeneration, the ability to restore body parts after injury, is widespread in metazoans; however, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in this process remain largely unknown, and its evolutionary history is consequently unresolved. Recently, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have been shown in several metazoan models to be triggers of apoptosis and cell proliferation that drive regenerative success. However, it is not known whether the contribution of ROS to regeneration relies on conserved mechanisms. Here we performed a comparative genomic analysis of ROS metabolism actors across metazoans, and carried out a comparative study of the deployment and roles of ROS during regeneration in two different metazoan models: the annelid Platynereis dumerilii and the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. We established that the vast majority of metazoans encode a core redox kit allowing for the production and detoxification of ROS, and overall regulation of ROS levels. However, the precise composition of the redox arsenal can vary significantly from species to species, suggesting that evolutionary constraints apply to ROS metabolism functions rather than precise actors. We found that while ROS are necessary for regeneration in both Platynereis and Nematostella, the two species deploy different enzymatic activities controlling ROS dynamics, and display distinct effects of ROS signalling on injury-induced apoptosis and cell proliferation. We conclude that, while ROS are a common feature of metazoan regeneration, their production and contribution to this phenomenon may depend on different molecular mechanisms highlighting the overall plasticity of the machinery.","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex chromosome turnovers and stability in snakes.

IF 11 1区生物学

Molecular biology and evolution Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae255

Tomáš Pšenička, Barbora Augstenová, Daniel Frynta, Panagiotis Kornilios, Lukáš Kratochvíl, Michail Rovatsos

{"title":"Sex chromosome turnovers and stability in snakes.","authors":"Tomáš Pšenička, Barbora Augstenová, Daniel Frynta, Panagiotis Kornilios, Lukáš Kratochvíl, Michail Rovatsos","doi":"10.1093/molbev/msae255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae255","url":null,"abstract":"For a long time, snakes were presented as a textbook example of a group with gradual differentiation of homologous ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes. However, recent advances revealed that the ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes characterize only caenophidian snakes and certain species of boas and pythons have non-homologous XX/XY sex chromosomes. We used genome coverage analysis in four non-caenophidian species to identify their sex chromosomes, and we examined the homology of sex chromosomes across phylogenetically-informative snake lineages. We identified sex chromosomes for the first time in 13 species of non-caenophidian snakes, providing much deeper insights into the evolutionary history of snake sex chromosomes. The evolution of sex chromosomes in snakes is more complex than previously thought. Snakes may have had ancestral XX/XY sex chromosomes, which are still present in a blind snake and some boas, and there were several transitions to derived XX/XY sex chromosomes with different gene content and two or even three transitions to ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes. However, we discuss more alternative scenarios. In any case, we document that (1) some genomic regions were likely repeatedly co-opted as sex chromosomes in phylogenetically distant lineages, even with opposite types of heterogamety; (2) snake lineages differ greatly in the rate of differentiation of sex chromosomes; (3) snakes likely originally possessed sex chromosomes prone to turnovers. The sex chromosomes became evolutionarily highly stable once their differentiation progressed in the megadiverse caenophidian snakes. Snakes thus provide an ideal system for studying the evolutionary factors that drive unequal rates of differentiation, turnovers and stability of sex chromosomes.","PeriodicalId":18730,"journal":{"name":"Molecular biology and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0