Marine Mammal Science最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal and Diel Acoustic Occurrence of Sei Whales in Oregon, USA","authors":"Mariam Alsaid,&nbsp;Leigh G. Torres,&nbsp;Holger Klinck,&nbsp;Dimitri Ponirakis,&nbsp;Kathleen M. Stafford,&nbsp;Dawn R. Barlow","doi":"10.1111/mms.70253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70253","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The behavior, distribution, and life history of sei whales (<i>Balaenoptera borealis</i>) are largely unknown in the North Pacific. We analyzed data from three bottom-mounted acoustic recorders deployed 25 (shelf; depth = 300 m), 45 (slope; depth = 630 m), and 65 (abyssal; depth = 2860 m) nautical miles off of Newport, Oregon, USA that recorded continuously from October 2021 to December 2022. Acoustic data were visually and aurally reviewed in search of sei whale calls; putative calls were annotated and assigned confidence levels based on existing descriptions in the literature. High confidence sei whale calls were characterized as broadband downsweeps with an average frequency range of 103–30 Hz and a duration of 2.73 s. Calls occurred in groups ranging from 1 to 32 calls with an average of 9 calls per bout. We document a strong peak in putative sei whale calls in October and November and a significant diel pattern (Hermans-Rasson Test, <i>p</i> = 0.001) with decreasing effect size at more offshore locations. Our findings indicate that sei whales may be present in this region more frequently than previously thought, providing key information on sei whale occurrence in the North Pacific to guide future conservation management efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and Anthropogenic Threats Affecting Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Southern Iberian Atlantic Waters","authors":"Ginevra Gennari,&nbsp;Ana Marçalo,&nbsp;Alfredo Rodrigues,&nbsp;Sara Magalhães,&nbsp;Gonçalo Abrantes,&nbsp;André Dias,&nbsp;Rodrigo Climaco,&nbsp;Steve Truluck,&nbsp;Eleonora Pignata,&nbsp;Tanya Lubansky,&nbsp;Lindsey Jones,&nbsp;Frederick Wenzel,&nbsp;Rita Castilho,&nbsp;Rui Peres dos Santos","doi":"10.1111/mms.70250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70250","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Alternative Approach to Studying Humpback Whale Song Changes Over Time Using Occupancy Models","authors":"Franny Oppenheimer,&nbsp;Therese Donovan,&nbsp;James Hines,&nbsp;Kristin Rasmussen,&nbsp;Laura J. May-Collado","doi":"10.1111/mms.70237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70237","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Male humpback whales (&lt;i&gt;Megaptera novaeangliae&lt;/i&gt;) are known for producing complex and structured songs, primarily at their breeding grounds. These songs are hierarchical in structure: units combine to form phrases, phrases combine to form themes, and themes together make up a complete song (Payne and McVay &lt;span&gt;1971&lt;/span&gt;). Several studies have shown that song elements' presence and acoustic structure gradually change over time, likely influenced by the movement of whales as they diverge into different breeding areas at low latitudes and later converge at high latitude feeding grounds (Payne and Payne &lt;span&gt;1985&lt;/span&gt;; Rasmussen et al. &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Acevedo et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Herman &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Occasional extensive changes in song structure over short periods of time (as little as 2 years), known as “song revolutions,” are thought to occur when individuals from one population encounter the song of another and incorporate the new song into the population (Garland et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Schulze et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). This phenomenon is solely reported in the South Pacific, where the circumpolar cultural transmission of whale song travels from eastern Australia to French Polynesia (Garland et al. &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;) and to South America (Schulze et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Gonçalves et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). These rapid changes in song structure may result from individuals shifting reproductive areas within or between breeding seasons (Schulze et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) or by shifting environmental conditions—such as reductions in the Antarctic Sea ice—that increase the likelihood of interpopulation encounters during migration or on shared feeding grounds (Andrews-Goff et al. &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Schall et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Bedriñana-Romano et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Schulze et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Bengtson Nash et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whether gradual or rapid, these changes highlight the complexity of humpback whale song structure and underscore the challenges involved in tracking and measuring song variation over time. Changes in humpback whale songs are traditionally measured tracking the presence of themes or phrases over time and performing network and similarity indices to assess the rate and direction of song change (Garland et al. &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Allen et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;) and by using Markovian transition probabilities to identify subtle changes in song structure (Allen et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Schulze et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). However, these approaches typically assume perfect detection of produced song elements; they do not account for song elements that were produced but undetected by researchers. Detection may be influenced by the environmental conditions at the time of recording, the duration of the recording itself and of the song element, and the frequency spectrum of the song element in question, among other variables (Harris et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). Failur","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Alternative Approach to Studying Humpback Whale Song Changes Over Time Using Occupancy Models","authors":"Franny Oppenheimer,&nbsp;Therese Donovan,&nbsp;James Hines,&nbsp;Kristin Rasmussen,&nbsp;Laura J. May-Collado","doi":"10.1111/mms.70237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70237","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Male humpback whales (&lt;i&gt;Megaptera novaeangliae&lt;/i&gt;) are known for producing complex and structured songs, primarily at their breeding grounds. These songs are hierarchical in structure: units combine to form phrases, phrases combine to form themes, and themes together make up a complete song (Payne and McVay &lt;span&gt;1971&lt;/span&gt;). Several studies have shown that song elements' presence and acoustic structure gradually change over time, likely influenced by the movement of whales as they diverge into different breeding areas at low latitudes and later converge at high latitude feeding grounds (Payne and Payne &lt;span&gt;1985&lt;/span&gt;; Rasmussen et al. &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Acevedo et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Herman &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Occasional extensive changes in song structure over short periods of time (as little as 2 years), known as “song revolutions,” are thought to occur when individuals from one population encounter the song of another and incorporate the new song into the population (Garland et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Schulze et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). This phenomenon is solely reported in the South Pacific, where the circumpolar cultural transmission of whale song travels from eastern Australia to French Polynesia (Garland et al. &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;) and to South America (Schulze et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Gonçalves et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). These rapid changes in song structure may result from individuals shifting reproductive areas within or between breeding seasons (Schulze et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) or by shifting environmental conditions—such as reductions in the Antarctic Sea ice—that increase the likelihood of interpopulation encounters during migration or on shared feeding grounds (Andrews-Goff et al. &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Schall et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Bedriñana-Romano et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Schulze et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Bengtson Nash et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whether gradual or rapid, these changes highlight the complexity of humpback whale song structure and underscore the challenges involved in tracking and measuring song variation over time. Changes in humpback whale songs are traditionally measured tracking the presence of themes or phrases over time and performing network and similarity indices to assess the rate and direction of song change (Garland et al. &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Allen et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;) and by using Markovian transition probabilities to identify subtle changes in song structure (Allen et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Schulze et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). However, these approaches typically assume perfect detection of produced song elements; they do not account for song elements that were produced but undetected by researchers. Detection may be influenced by the environmental conditions at the time of recording, the duration of the recording itself and of the song element, and the frequency spectrum of the song element in question, among other variables (Harris et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). Failur","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kogia Records in Brazilian Equatorial and Southwestern Atlantic Oceans","authors":"Joao Pedro M. Mura,&nbsp;Raphael B. Machado,&nbsp;Yasmin P. Viana,&nbsp;Natalia Rodrigues-Soares,&nbsp;Giovanne A. Ferreira,&nbsp;Larissa Kelmer L. Kascher,&nbsp;Barbara S. Silva,&nbsp;Lucia O. Alencar,&nbsp;Gabrieli M. Rodrigues,&nbsp;Franciele R. de Castro,&nbsp;Daniela F. Godoy,&nbsp;Jose L. Pizzorno,&nbsp;Artur Andriolo","doi":"10.1111/mms.70245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70245","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pygmy (<i>Kogia breviceps</i>) and dwarf (<i>Kogia sima</i>) sperm whales are cryptic cetaceans characterized by inconspicuous surfacing behavior, small group sizes, and deep-diving habits, making visual detection particularly challenging. Here, we present the first broad-scale passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) assessment of Kogia spp. occurrence along the Brazilian coast, spanning both the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean (EAO) and Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO). Across 25 survey campaigns, 504 survey days, and more than 6441 h of acoustic recordings, 94 acoustic detections were identified, predominantly within the Brazilian Equatorial Margin (BEM), resulting in substantially higher detection-per-unit-effort values in the EAO than in the SWAO. Two rare visual-acoustic encounters of <i>Kogia sima</i> were also documented, including one detection incorporated into the dataset. A total of 2796 echolocation clicks were analyzed, exhibiting the characteristic narrow-band high-frequency acoustic profile of Kogia spp. (mean peak frequency = 126.2 ± 3.8 kHz; mean −3 dB bandwidth = 4.7 ± 2.56 kHz; mean inter-click interval = 141 ± 97 ms). Detections occurred across a broad bathymetric range (9–4411 m), and kernel density analyses revealed spatial heterogeneity in occurrence patterns, with recurrent detection areas concentrated within the BEM. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the effectiveness of PAM for studying elusive deep-diving cetaceans and provide an important baseline for future ecological monitoring, impact assessment, and conservation efforts targeting Kogia spp. in the western Atlantic.</p>","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kogia Records in Brazilian Equatorial and Southwestern Atlantic Oceans","authors":"Joao Pedro M. Mura,&nbsp;Raphael B. Machado,&nbsp;Yasmin P. Viana,&nbsp;Natalia Rodrigues-Soares,&nbsp;Giovanne A. Ferreira,&nbsp;Larissa Kelmer L. Kascher,&nbsp;Barbara S. Silva,&nbsp;Lucia O. Alencar,&nbsp;Gabrieli M. Rodrigues,&nbsp;Franciele R. de Castro,&nbsp;Daniela F. Godoy,&nbsp;Jose L. Pizzorno,&nbsp;Artur Andriolo","doi":"10.1111/mms.70245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70245","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pygmy (<i>Kogia breviceps</i>) and dwarf (<i>Kogia sima</i>) sperm whales are cryptic cetaceans characterized by inconspicuous surfacing behavior, small group sizes, and deep-diving habits, making visual detection particularly challenging. Here, we present the first broad-scale passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) assessment of Kogia spp. occurrence along the Brazilian coast, spanning both the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean (EAO) and Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO). Across 25 survey campaigns, 504 survey days, and more than 6441 h of acoustic recordings, 94 acoustic detections were identified, predominantly within the Brazilian Equatorial Margin (BEM), resulting in substantially higher detection-per-unit-effort values in the EAO than in the SWAO. Two rare visual-acoustic encounters of <i>Kogia sima</i> were also documented, including one detection incorporated into the dataset. A total of 2796 echolocation clicks were analyzed, exhibiting the characteristic narrow-band high-frequency acoustic profile of Kogia spp. (mean peak frequency = 126.2 ± 3.8 kHz; mean −3 dB bandwidth = 4.7 ± 2.56 kHz; mean inter-click interval = 141 ± 97 ms). Detections occurred across a broad bathymetric range (9–4411 m), and kernel density analyses revealed spatial heterogeneity in occurrence patterns, with recurrent detection areas concentrated within the BEM. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the effectiveness of PAM for studying elusive deep-diving cetaceans and provide an important baseline for future ecological monitoring, impact assessment, and conservation efforts targeting Kogia spp. in the western Atlantic.</p>","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote Minimally Invasive Techniques for Sample Collection in Antarctic Seals","authors":"Florencia A. Soto,&nbsp;Habib D. Ahumada,&nbsp;Ángela Vázquez-Calvo,&nbsp;Antonio Alcamí,&nbsp;Javier Negrete","doi":"10.1111/mms.70244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote Minimally Invasive Techniques for Sample Collection in Antarctic Seals","authors":"Florencia A. Soto,&nbsp;Habib D. Ahumada,&nbsp;Ángela Vázquez-Calvo,&nbsp;Antonio Alcamí,&nbsp;Javier Negrete","doi":"10.1111/mms.70244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Be the Captain, Not the Crew: Effective Development and Deployment of Artificial Intelligence in Marine Mammal Science","authors":"Ted Cheeseman,&nbsp;Brian Miller,&nbsp;Shyam Madhusudhana,&nbsp;Amanda Hodgson","doi":"10.1111/mms.70238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Machine learning (ML), particularly the availability of deep neural networks, has enabled the proliferation of modern artificial intelligence (AI) and has revolutionized data processing capacity in marine mammal science. The development and application of these systems has delivered 1000-fold increases in throughput for applications such as photo identification and orders of magnitude increases in performance for passive acoustic detection of calls. Some AI systems now exceed the performance of human experts. As marine environments face unprecedented and compounding pressures from climate change, habitat degradation, and anthropogenic disturbance, these technological advances offer powerful promise. However, the success of AI applications depends less on algorithm sophistication than on the underlying information systems that enable their functionality. Here, we argue that marine mammal scientists must approach AI development with intentional agency—as captains rather than crew—emphasizing system-level design, interpretability, human oversight, and collaborative frameworks. We examine the spectrum of AI capabilities today, from pattern recognition where ML excels to context judgments and value judgments which must remain defined and decided by humans. By designing AI systems that center domain expertise, prioritize accessibility, and facilitate community engagement, the marine mammal science community can harness computational power while maintaining scientific rigor and advancing equitable conservation outcomes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Variation in Whistle Patterns of Two Coastal Dolphin Species Co-Occurring in the Southern Israeli Mediterranean Sea","authors":"Y. E. Zuriel,&nbsp;I. Aharoni,&nbsp;D. Atch,&nbsp;O. Galili,&nbsp;D. Tchernov,&nbsp;A. Scheinin,&nbsp;D. Kerem","doi":"10.1111/mms.70243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70243","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two coastal dolphin species, the common bottlenose dolphin (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>—Tt) and the short-beaked common dolphin (<i>Delphinus delphis</i>—Dd), co-occur along the southern Israeli Mediterranean coast, where the critically endangered Dd population faces ecological pressures, potentially including competitive exclusion by that of the Tt population. In this context, reliable acoustic differentiation between the two species is needed to supplement visual differentiation. This study aimed to assess whether species-specific whistle characteristics could be used to acoustically distinguish between the two taxa using a novel manual contour extraction tool, Sound Annotator, combined with machine learning classification. A total of 940 high-quality whistles (705 Dd, 235 Tt) from field recordings collected between 2018 and 2024 were available for analysis. Sixteen frequency, temporal, and shape parameters were derived from the extracted contours and analyzed with multiple classification models. Principal component analysis revealed high acoustic overlap, yet the XGBoost classifier effectively classified individual whistles, with minimum, median, and beginning frequency emerging as the most informative features. This framework facilitates non-invasive, species-specific monitoring of dolphin populations in challenging visual conditions, particularly at night, providing a foundation for conservation-focused acoustic monitoring in the eastern Mediterranean.</p>","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}