Marine Mammal Science最新文献

{"title":"Chilean Dolphins (Cephalorhynchus eutropia) Produce Both Narrowband High-Frequency and Broadband Clicks","authors":"Morgan J. Martin,&nbsp;Margherita Silvestri,&nbsp;Sara Torres Ortiz,&nbsp;Mauricio Soto-Gamboa,&nbsp;Magnus Wahlberg,&nbsp;Frants H. Jensen","doi":"10.1111/mms.70261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70261","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most dolphin species produce broadband biosonar clicks for echolocating prey, and whistles and burst-pulsed calls for communication purposes. Seven dolphin species were previously reported to only produce clicks of a narrowband high-frequency (NBHF) type, very similar to the clicks produced by porpoises. In this study, we used underwater acoustic recordings of Chilean dolphins (<i>Cephalorhynchus eutropia</i>) in southern Chile to show that the click repertoire comprises highly stereotypical NBHF clicks, more variable clicks with lower centroid frequencies and wider bandwidth, and some that are intermediate between these two categories. Both NBHF and broadband clicks were produced in trains, buzzes, and burst-pulses. Broadband clicks co-occurred with NBHF clicks in nine out of thirteen Chilean dolphin acoustic encounters, typically during social encounters. We conclude that <i>C. eutropia</i> can relax acoustic crypsis in a similar manner as other members in the <i>Cephalorhynchus</i> genus. Our findings make it likely that other NBHF delphinids have the ability to generate click types with frequencies below the typical NBHF range.</p>","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chilean Dolphins (Cephalorhynchus eutropia) Produce Both Narrowband High-Frequency and Broadband Clicks","authors":"Morgan J. Martin,&nbsp;Margherita Silvestri,&nbsp;Sara Torres Ortiz,&nbsp;Mauricio Soto-Gamboa,&nbsp;Magnus Wahlberg,&nbsp;Frants H. Jensen","doi":"10.1111/mms.70261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70261","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most dolphin species produce broadband biosonar clicks for echolocating prey, and whistles and burst-pulsed calls for communication purposes. Seven dolphin species were previously reported to only produce clicks of a narrowband high-frequency (NBHF) type, very similar to the clicks produced by porpoises. In this study, we used underwater acoustic recordings of Chilean dolphins (<i>Cephalorhynchus eutropia</i>) in southern Chile to show that the click repertoire comprises highly stereotypical NBHF clicks, more variable clicks with lower centroid frequencies and wider bandwidth, and some that are intermediate between these two categories. Both NBHF and broadband clicks were produced in trains, buzzes, and burst-pulses. Broadband clicks co-occurred with NBHF clicks in nine out of thirteen Chilean dolphin acoustic encounters, typically during social encounters. We conclude that <i>C. eutropia</i> can relax acoustic crypsis in a similar manner as other members in the <i>Cephalorhynchus</i> genus. Our findings make it likely that other NBHF delphinids have the ability to generate click types with frequencies below the typical NBHF range.</p>","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citizen Science Data Reveal Humpback Whales Feeding Along the Eastern Coast of Australia","authors":"Sarah McCulloch,&nbsp;Jan-Olaf Meynecke,&nbsp;Jasper de Bie,&nbsp;Madeleine J. Brasier","doi":"10.1111/mms.70248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70248","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Humpback whales (&lt;i&gt;Megaptera novaeangliae&lt;/i&gt;) (HW hereafter) are considered capital breeders that migrate seasonally between low latitude winter breeding grounds and high latitude summer feeding areas, relying solely on energy from fat reserves for migration and reproduction (Chittleborough &lt;span&gt;1965&lt;/span&gt;; Dawbin &lt;span&gt;1966&lt;/span&gt;). Whaling and stranding records supported this hypothesis as the majority of HWs caught during migration within Australian waters had empty stomachs (Dawbin &lt;span&gt;1966&lt;/span&gt;; Lockyer and Brown &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;). Body mass loss inferred from unoccupied aerial system photogrammetry of HWs on breeding grounds and throughout migration further suggests a degree of fasting (Christiansen et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Russell et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Van Aswegen et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). However, feeding while on migration or in breeding grounds, often reported as opportunistic or supplementary feeding (Lomac-Macnair et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Ross-Marsh et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Stamation et al. &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;), has been recorded in most species of Mysticete worldwide (Arcangeli et al. &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; D'agostino et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Duvenage &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Figueiredo and Weir &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; García et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Gelippi et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Hoffmeyer et al. &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Mate et al. &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Prieto et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Silva et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). Evidence of feeding during migration or on a breeding ground has been recorded in at least 11 of the 14 populations of HWs (Cegarra et al. &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Danilewicz et al. &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; De Weerdt and Ramos &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Eisenmann et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Findlay et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Frantzis et al. &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;; Frisch-Jordán et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Garrigue et al. &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Lammers et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Peres Dos Santos et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Shearer et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Trudelle et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;) with one population exhibiting year-round residency within the tropical waters of the Arabian Sea (Mikhalev &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It has been postulated that the frequency of whales feeding on migration or in breeding grounds, the reporting of it, or both, may be increasing (Findlay et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Seyboth et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Baleen whales may be performing this feeding behavior to replenish energy stores due to increased intraspecific competition or fluctuations in prey availability in their high latitude feeding grounds (Kasamatsu et al. &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;; Owen et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Ransome et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Russell et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Other reasons include an increase in prey availability within migration corridors (Laerm et al. &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;; Lomac-Macnair et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) or, as populations recover to prewhaling numbers, they may potentially be returning to historic feeding areas (De Weerdt and Ramos &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citizen Science Data Reveal Humpback Whales Feeding Along the Eastern Coast of Australia","authors":"Sarah McCulloch,&nbsp;Jan-Olaf Meynecke,&nbsp;Jasper de Bie,&nbsp;Madeleine J. Brasier","doi":"10.1111/mms.70248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70248","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Humpback whales (&lt;i&gt;Megaptera novaeangliae&lt;/i&gt;) (HW hereafter) are considered capital breeders that migrate seasonally between low latitude winter breeding grounds and high latitude summer feeding areas, relying solely on energy from fat reserves for migration and reproduction (Chittleborough &lt;span&gt;1965&lt;/span&gt;; Dawbin &lt;span&gt;1966&lt;/span&gt;). Whaling and stranding records supported this hypothesis as the majority of HWs caught during migration within Australian waters had empty stomachs (Dawbin &lt;span&gt;1966&lt;/span&gt;; Lockyer and Brown &lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;). Body mass loss inferred from unoccupied aerial system photogrammetry of HWs on breeding grounds and throughout migration further suggests a degree of fasting (Christiansen et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Russell et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Van Aswegen et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). However, feeding while on migration or in breeding grounds, often reported as opportunistic or supplementary feeding (Lomac-Macnair et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Ross-Marsh et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Stamation et al. &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;), has been recorded in most species of Mysticete worldwide (Arcangeli et al. &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; D'agostino et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Duvenage &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Figueiredo and Weir &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; García et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Gelippi et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Hoffmeyer et al. &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Mate et al. &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Prieto et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Silva et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). Evidence of feeding during migration or on a breeding ground has been recorded in at least 11 of the 14 populations of HWs (Cegarra et al. &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Danilewicz et al. &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; De Weerdt and Ramos &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Eisenmann et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Findlay et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Frantzis et al. &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;; Frisch-Jordán et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Garrigue et al. &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Lammers et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Peres Dos Santos et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Shearer et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Trudelle et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;) with one population exhibiting year-round residency within the tropical waters of the Arabian Sea (Mikhalev &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It has been postulated that the frequency of whales feeding on migration or in breeding grounds, the reporting of it, or both, may be increasing (Findlay et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Seyboth et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Baleen whales may be performing this feeding behavior to replenish energy stores due to increased intraspecific competition or fluctuations in prey availability in their high latitude feeding grounds (Kasamatsu et al. &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;; Owen et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Ransome et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Russell et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Other reasons include an increase in prey availability within migration corridors (Laerm et al. &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;; Lomac-Macnair et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) or, as populations recover to prewhaling numbers, they may potentially be returning to historic feeding areas (De Weerdt and Ramos &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description, Detection, and Classification of Hawaiian Monk Seal Vocalizations Through Deep-Learning Methods: Biological and Conservation Applications","authors":"Jeppe Have Rasmussen,&nbsp;Jillian M. Sills,&nbsp;Kirby Parnell,&nbsp;Colleen Reichmuth","doi":"10.1111/mms.70260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70260","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Hawaiian monk seal is a phocid Carnivore endemic to the Hawaiian Archipelago. This species was thought to be silent under water until the recent discovery that mature males produce at least six distinct calls year round, typically in bouts of two or more, with sound production linked to reproductive status. Here, we apply a progressive deep-learning approach for acoustic monitoring of this endangered marine mammal, based on vocalizations obtained from two adult seals housed separately in controlled settings. We used 4989 manually labeled calls and corresponding spectrogram images to fine-tune a pre-trained YOLO network via transfer learning to detect and classify sounds from long-term recordings of the same individuals. The algorithm demonstrated 87% weighted precision and efficiently recovered 48,324 calls from 16,262 h of data. This dataset was then queried to confirm temporal trends in vocal activity and predictable patterns in call sequencing. We transitioned this approach to field settings by combining verified calls from the laboratory with soundscape recordings at a range of signal-to-noise ratios. The re-trained algorithm recovered 2049 seal vocalizations from 12 h of recordings from critical habitats with varying background noise levels, successfully capturing the temporal patterns in acoustic presence documented by manual annotations. This machine-learning tool enables the informed use of acoustic data to detect free-ranging Hawaiian monk seals, supporting conservation efforts for this endangered species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description, Detection, and Classification of Hawaiian Monk Seal Vocalizations Through Deep-Learning Methods: Biological and Conservation Applications","authors":"Jeppe Have Rasmussen,&nbsp;Jillian M. Sills,&nbsp;Kirby Parnell,&nbsp;Colleen Reichmuth","doi":"10.1111/mms.70260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70260","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Hawaiian monk seal is a phocid Carnivore endemic to the Hawaiian Archipelago. This species was thought to be silent under water until the recent discovery that mature males produce at least six distinct calls year round, typically in bouts of two or more, with sound production linked to reproductive status. Here, we apply a progressive deep-learning approach for acoustic monitoring of this endangered marine mammal, based on vocalizations obtained from two adult seals housed separately in controlled settings. We used 4989 manually labeled calls and corresponding spectrogram images to fine-tune a pre-trained YOLO network via transfer learning to detect and classify sounds from long-term recordings of the same individuals. The algorithm demonstrated 87% weighted precision and efficiently recovered 48,324 calls from 16,262 h of data. This dataset was then queried to confirm temporal trends in vocal activity and predictable patterns in call sequencing. We transitioned this approach to field settings by combining verified calls from the laboratory with soundscape recordings at a range of signal-to-noise ratios. The re-trained algorithm recovered 2049 seal vocalizations from 12 h of recordings from critical habitats with varying background noise levels, successfully capturing the temporal patterns in acoustic presence documented by manual annotations. This machine-learning tool enables the informed use of acoustic data to detect free-ranging Hawaiian monk seals, supporting conservation efforts for this endangered species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The More the Merrier: The Effects of Data Volume and Transfer Learning on Creating Generalizable Deep Learning PAM Detectors","authors":"Laia Garrobé Fonollosa,&nbsp;Douglas Gillespie,&nbsp;Lina Stankovic,&nbsp;Vladimir Stankovic,&nbsp;Luke Rendell","doi":"10.1111/mms.70265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) generates large datasets that are costly to analyze manually, creating the need for accurate automated detection methods. While deep learning (DL) has shown promise for PAM-related tasks, the transferability of trained models to unseen datasets remains a critical challenge. To address this, we evaluated four methodological approaches for maximizing the transferability of a DL sperm whale (<i>Physeter macrocephalus</i>) click detector: (1) <i>cross-environment evaluation</i> (training on five datasets, testing on an unseen sixth), (2) <i>limited target-domain data training</i> (model retraining using only a small, site-specific dataset), (3) <i>pretraining with random fine-tuning</i>, and (4) <i>pretraining with active fine-tuning</i> (selecting fine-tuning samples based on model uncertainty). While trained models saw a drop in performance when tested on a new dataset, those pretrained on large diverse datasets outperformed limited target-specific training even when deployment conditions were not represented during training, confirming training diversity improves transferability. Fine-tuning with 500 target recordings effectively mitigated performance drops when deploying a trained model to new datasets. Active fine-tuning consistently outperformed all other approaches, although the improvement over random fine-tuning was marginal. For new studies, we recommend using models pretrained on diverse datasets and fine-tuning them with minimal target data.</p>","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The More the Merrier: The Effects of Data Volume and Transfer Learning on Creating Generalizable Deep Learning PAM Detectors","authors":"Laia Garrobé Fonollosa,&nbsp;Douglas Gillespie,&nbsp;Lina Stankovic,&nbsp;Vladimir Stankovic,&nbsp;Luke Rendell","doi":"10.1111/mms.70265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) generates large datasets that are costly to analyze manually, creating the need for accurate automated detection methods. While deep learning (DL) has shown promise for PAM-related tasks, the transferability of trained models to unseen datasets remains a critical challenge. To address this, we evaluated four methodological approaches for maximizing the transferability of a DL sperm whale (<i>Physeter macrocephalus</i>) click detector: (1) <i>cross-environment evaluation</i> (training on five datasets, testing on an unseen sixth), (2) <i>limited target-domain data training</i> (model retraining using only a small, site-specific dataset), (3) <i>pretraining with random fine-tuning</i>, and (4) <i>pretraining with active fine-tuning</i> (selecting fine-tuning samples based on model uncertainty). While trained models saw a drop in performance when tested on a new dataset, those pretrained on large diverse datasets outperformed limited target-specific training even when deployment conditions were not represented during training, confirming training diversity improves transferability. Fine-tuning with 500 target recordings effectively mitigated performance drops when deploying a trained model to new datasets. Active fine-tuning consistently outperformed all other approaches, although the improvement over random fine-tuning was marginal. For new studies, we recommend using models pretrained on diverse datasets and fine-tuning them with minimal target data.</p>","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Rare: Documenting Albino-Like Phenotypes as a Recurring Trait in the Juan Fernandez Fur Seal","authors":"Constanza Toro-Valdivieso,&nbsp;Renato Borras-Chavez,&nbsp;Víctor Castillo-González,&nbsp;Luciano Hiriart-Bertrand,&nbsp;Michael E. Goebel,&nbsp;Barbara Blacklaws","doi":"10.1111/mms.70239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70239","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Atypical coloration in wild animals is often considered a rare phenomenon, but its apparent rarity may partly reflect how difficult these individuals are to detect and document. This is particularly true for marine mammals, whose aquatic lifestyle can limit observation opportunities and make unusual phenotypes easy to miss. In colonial breeding otariids, however, the breeding season provides a rare opportunity to observe large numbers of individuals on land, where conspicuously colored animals may stand out from the rest of the colony. For species that have experienced major population disturbances, recording these observations is especially relevant, as recurrent atypical phenotypes may provide useful clues about population history, persistence, and possible biological consequences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Within this context, atypical coloration phenotypes such as leucism, albinism, and melanism are associated with fluctuations in melanin production (McCardle &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Tensen and Fischer &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Melanin is a key pigment produced by melanocytes in tissues such as the skin, eyes, and hair follicles. Reduced or absent melanin production leads to hypopigmentation. Hypopigmentation can be broadly categorized into two groups: leucism and albinism. Both arise from genetic mutations, yet they differ in their underlying mechanisms (Kruijt &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;; Tensen and Fischer &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Snyman et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Wiriyasermkul et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Leucism results from defects in melanocyte differentiation or migration, causing partial or total loss of skin and hair pigmentation while preserving normal ocular pigmentation and vision. In contrast, albinism is caused by mutations that impair melanin biosynthesis, leading to complete or partial loss of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes (Alqahtani and Hamid &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;; Grønskov et al. &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Polanowski et al. &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Snyman et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorders in which melanin production is reduced or absent across the skin, hair, and eyes, often resulting in visual deficits (Abreu et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Acevedo and Aguayo &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;; Grønskov et al. &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Kruijt &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of the type, OCA is associated with recessive mutations in genes involved in melanin biosynthesis, including TYR, OCA2, TYRP1, and SLC45A2 (Grønskov et al. &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Kruijt &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). Consequently, demographic processes such as inbreeding can increase the expression of rare recessive alleles through increased homozygosity, while genetic drift, including genetic bottlenecks, can increase the frequency of rare recessive alleles, such as those responsible for OCA in wild animals (Charlesworth and Willis &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Prado-Martinez et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Tensen and Fischer &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). In marine mammals, most reports of albinis","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Rare: Documenting Albino-Like Phenotypes as a Recurring Trait in the Juan Fernandez Fur Seal","authors":"Constanza Toro-Valdivieso,&nbsp;Renato Borras-Chavez,&nbsp;Víctor Castillo-González,&nbsp;Luciano Hiriart-Bertrand,&nbsp;Michael E. Goebel,&nbsp;Barbara Blacklaws","doi":"10.1111/mms.70239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70239","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Atypical coloration in wild animals is often considered a rare phenomenon, but its apparent rarity may partly reflect how difficult these individuals are to detect and document. This is particularly true for marine mammals, whose aquatic lifestyle can limit observation opportunities and make unusual phenotypes easy to miss. In colonial breeding otariids, however, the breeding season provides a rare opportunity to observe large numbers of individuals on land, where conspicuously colored animals may stand out from the rest of the colony. For species that have experienced major population disturbances, recording these observations is especially relevant, as recurrent atypical phenotypes may provide useful clues about population history, persistence, and possible biological consequences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Within this context, atypical coloration phenotypes such as leucism, albinism, and melanism are associated with fluctuations in melanin production (McCardle &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Tensen and Fischer &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Melanin is a key pigment produced by melanocytes in tissues such as the skin, eyes, and hair follicles. Reduced or absent melanin production leads to hypopigmentation. Hypopigmentation can be broadly categorized into two groups: leucism and albinism. Both arise from genetic mutations, yet they differ in their underlying mechanisms (Kruijt &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;; Tensen and Fischer &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Snyman et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Wiriyasermkul et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Leucism results from defects in melanocyte differentiation or migration, causing partial or total loss of skin and hair pigmentation while preserving normal ocular pigmentation and vision. In contrast, albinism is caused by mutations that impair melanin biosynthesis, leading to complete or partial loss of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes (Alqahtani and Hamid &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;; Grønskov et al. &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Polanowski et al. &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Snyman et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorders in which melanin production is reduced or absent across the skin, hair, and eyes, often resulting in visual deficits (Abreu et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Acevedo and Aguayo &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;; Grønskov et al. &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Kruijt &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of the type, OCA is associated with recessive mutations in genes involved in melanin biosynthesis, including TYR, OCA2, TYRP1, and SLC45A2 (Grønskov et al. &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Kruijt &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). Consequently, demographic processes such as inbreeding can increase the expression of rare recessive alleles through increased homozygosity, while genetic drift, including genetic bottlenecks, can increase the frequency of rare recessive alleles, such as those responsible for OCA in wild animals (Charlesworth and Willis &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Prado-Martinez et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Tensen and Fischer &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). In marine mammals, most reports of albinis","PeriodicalId":18725,"journal":{"name":"Marine Mammal Science","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mms.70239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}