The economics of integrated pest management of insects最新文献

{"title":"What can we learn from more recent (and more 'rigorous') economic impact assessments of integrated pest management farmer field schools (IPM-FFS)?","authors":"R. Rejesus","doi":"10.1079/9781786393678.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786393678.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Based on results from the 15 'medium risk of bias' studies (and statistical 'meta-analysis' techniques of results from these studies), Waddington et al. (2014) concluded that Integrated Pest Management Farmer Field Schools (IPM-FFS) are generally effective in improving intermediate economic outcomes for participating farmers in smaller-scale programmes. On average, IPM-FFS programmes in these studies were shown to provide the following: a 39% reduction in insecticide use (i.e. based on an environmental impact quotient), a 13% increase in yields and a 19% increase in net revenues (or profits). However, these economic impacts are only found in smaller-scale programmes, and were not observed for IPM-FFS programmes that were scaled up to the national level. In addition, based on two studies that compared the benefits and costs of IPM-FFS programmes, Waddington et al. (2014) also indicated that IPM-FFS approaches are unlikely to be a cost-effective method for extending complex IPM information. In light of this comprehensive review by Waddington et al. (2014), the objective of this chapter is to 'build on' this previous work and examine more recent (e.g. 2012-16) economic impact evaluation studies of FFS (i.e. those not included in the Waddington et al. 2014 study). In particular, the focus is on recent economic impact studies that utilized 'more rigorous' evaluation techniques that account for selection issues/bias (i.e. 'medium-' to 'low-risk of bias'), especially those studies that utilized quasi-experimental techniques and/or fully experimental RCT approaches to evaluating FFS interventions. The chapter aims to determine if there are new and additional insights from these more recent and more 'rigorous' 2012-16 studies that were not captured in the systematic review by Waddington et al. (2014). It is also interested in whether these more recent studies followed some of the recommendations coming out of the Waddington et al. (2014) paper. Lastly, this chapter hope to provide some recommendations that are directly relevant to entomologists and other scientists developing IPM practices, IPM-FFS programmes, and other educational programmes promoting the use and diffusion of this pest control strategy.","PeriodicalId":187132,"journal":{"name":"The economics of integrated pest management of insects","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116527716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perseverance pays off: finishing the integrated pest management marathon with economics.","authors":"P. Crain, D. Onstad","doi":"10.1079/9781786393678.0179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786393678.0179","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter attempts to combine final philosophical thoughts with practical suggestions for future work. First, it provides an overview of integrated pest management (IPM) strategy. It emphasizes the value of integrating design and control tactics to provide a solid foundation for IPM. Second, it focuses some attention on how funding, or lack of funding, may have influenced the historical paucity of economic analyses. Third, it provides some thoughts on education and Cooperative Extension and outreach to farmers from an economics perspective. Fourth, it looks at future innovations within IPM. The chapter is concluded with encouragement to readers to add economic analysis as a tool to help facilitate scientific decision making.","PeriodicalId":187132,"journal":{"name":"The economics of integrated pest management of insects","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123621338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major economic issues in integrated pest management.","authors":"D. Onstad, P. Crain","doi":"10.1079/9781786393678.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786393678.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter focuses on economic issues in integrated pest management (IPM) in animal and crop production. The types of costs involved in major approaches to IPM were provided. Economic analyses on classical biological control, choice of livestock breed and crop variety, schedule for crop or livestock paddock rotation, physical design of landscape, augmentive biological control, insecticides and chemicals used to attract, confuse or repel pests and genetic control were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":187132,"journal":{"name":"The economics of integrated pest management of insects","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131121300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The roles of soft technologies and cooperative extension in solving wicked integrated pest management problems.","authors":"D. Reisig, P. Ellsworth, E. Hodgson","doi":"10.1079/9781786393678.0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786393678.0155","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Notwithstanding the many failures and shortcomings attributed to implementations of integrated pest management (IPM), IPM inclusive of the transdisciplinary needs of its stakeholders is the only rational strategy for addressing 'wicked' as well as 'tame' pest management problems. Examples that support this hypothesis are provided throughout this chapter. The chapter aims to provide a balanced perspective of IPM, focusing on how it is practised in the US. Because it suggests that IPM works best when soft (handled by people) and hard (do not require human oversight) technologies are utilized in concert, examples are given of complications where soft technologies were not developed or not optimally deployed to complement hard technologies for IPM. These examples focus on the shortcomings of soft technologies primarily because it is more common for these to be deficient rather than the hard technologies. Towards this effort, discussion focuses on two themes: (i) industry-wide adoption of single tactic leading to overdependence, and (ii) behaviours of consumers and producers. The chapter also provides two contrasting examples of IPM successes that support the position that IPM functions best when hard and soft technologies are harmonized. The first is an example of a nascent IPM programme for Aphis glycines in Midwestern US soyabean, while the second is an example of a mature IPM system in Arizona cotton.","PeriodicalId":187132,"journal":{"name":"The economics of integrated pest management of insects","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129961423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic thresholds and sampling in integrated pest management.","authors":"D. Onstad, A. Bueno, B. M. Favetti","doi":"10.1079/9781786393678.0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786393678.0122","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter summarizes and highlights the techniques that have been developed over the past 40 years to facilitate and improve the calculation of economic thresholds (ETs). The chapter also emphasizes the need to develop cost-effective sampling methods that can support the use of ETs. In this chapter, ET is defined as a current pest density that represents a future population, the control of which will prevent economic loss equal to the cost of implementing the control tactic.","PeriodicalId":187132,"journal":{"name":"The economics of integrated pest management of insects","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132386623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic evaluation of integrated mosquito control in urban areas.","authors":"Y. Halasa-Rappel, D. Shepard","doi":"10.1079/9781786393678.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786393678.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 The objective of the article was to focus on the economic impact and evaluation of area-wide pest management (AWPM) to mitigate and control Aedes albopictus, also known as the Asian tiger mosquito, a vector that carries a number of mosquito-borne diseases and is a source of nuisance.","PeriodicalId":187132,"journal":{"name":"The economics of integrated pest management of insects","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129196038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economics of host-plant resistance.","authors":"D. Onstad","doi":"10.1079/9781786393678.0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786393678.0086","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Host-plant resistance (HPR) has been declared the foundation of integrated pest management (IPM), which is compatible with all strategies and integrated tactics. However, there is bias in publications about HPR. Most published studies highlight positive results with research and development. Very few crop varieties reach field trials unless they show harvestable yields similar to those of older varieties. And then the value of a variety, that may yield more under high pest pressure because of resistance to pests, still must be shown to be economical in most situations faced by farmers. Otherwise, farmers will prefer higher yields in most years with older crop varieties with protection provided by some other IPM tactic in the years with high pest pressure. Thus, a survey of publications will likely not cover the costs of failures and limited successes, leading to biased views in favour of HPR. This chapter shows that most of the published cases support the view that resistance by crops against insects is valuable over decades, not just single growing seasons. When the costs of HPR research and development have been estimated, the benefits exceed the costs over 10-20 years. These results should encourage others to continue the research and to take the extra steps to demonstrate the benefits to farmers and society.","PeriodicalId":187132,"journal":{"name":"The economics of integrated pest management of insects","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129956374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic impacts of integrated pest management practices in developing countries.","authors":"G. Norton, J. Alwang, M. Kassie, R. Muniappan","doi":"10.1079/9781786393678.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786393678.0140","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Integrated pest management (IPM) is a crop protection strategy that integrates multiple practices, disciplines and concerns for economic, ecological and social wellbeing. Therefore, impact assessment of IPM can focus on a single IPM practice, a few practice(s) or on a complete IPM strategy. This chapter summarizes the results of impact assessments of IPM in developing countries. The chapter focuses on assessments of agronomic and biological practices more than host-plant resistance and on insects more than other pests. To facilitate discussion of results of the IPM impact studies, it is organized around regions, recognizing that some types of IPM impacts and impact assessments may be more prevalent in one region than another.","PeriodicalId":187132,"journal":{"name":"The economics of integrated pest management of insects","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132494457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic principles and concepts in area-wide genetic pest management.","authors":"Z. Brown, M. S. Jones, J. Mumford","doi":"10.1079/9781786393678.0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786393678.0096","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 The objective of the article was to explore the key economic principles for the inclusion of genetically engineered insects within integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, discussing proposed examples with agriculture and health applications.","PeriodicalId":187132,"journal":{"name":"The economics of integrated pest management of insects","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130849108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic value of arthropod biological control.","authors":"S. Naranjo, G. Frisvold, Peter C. Ellsworth","doi":"10.1079/9781786393678.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786393678.0049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Overall, biological control (use of natural enemies, such as predators, parasitoids and pathogens) potentially provides among the highest returns on investment available in integrated pest management (IPM) even while estimation of its economic value has received relatively little attention from entomologists, ecologists or economists (Naranjo et al., 2015). The economic value of biological control, and general approaches for its estimation, have been discussed and summarized in several excellent reviews (Headley, 1985; Carlson, 1988; Tisdell, 1990; McFadyen, 1998; Gutierrez et al., 1999; Perkins and Garcia, 1999; Hill and Greathead, 2000; Cullen et al., 2008; Waterfield and Zilberman, 2012; Naranjo et al., 2015). A central tenet in IPM is that pest management strategies should provide for economically efficient and sustainable solutions. Thus, a better understanding of the economic contribution of biological control, as a foundational element of IPM, will help strengthen adoption of this tactic for IPM more generally, and raise its stock among stakeholders and those that invest in this technology both privately and publicly. This chapter aims to build upon the review of Naranjo et al. (2015) by providing more detail on the concepts and methodologies of economic valuation in biological control, to summarize all known projects that have attempted to quantify the economic value of arthropod biological control (with particular focus on introductory and conservation biological control), and to ask how to balance the need for more routine and inclusive economic evaluations with the additional effort needed to spur greater adoption and investment in research and implementation.","PeriodicalId":187132,"journal":{"name":"The economics of integrated pest management of insects","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127071553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}