Economic thresholds and sampling in integrated pest management.

Abstract

Abstract This chapter summarizes and highlights the techniques that have been developed over the past 40 years to facilitate and improve the calculation of economic thresholds (ETs). The chapter also emphasizes the need to develop cost-effective sampling methods that can support the use of ETs. In this chapter, ET is defined as a current pest density that represents a future population, the control of which will prevent economic loss equal to the cost of implementing the control tactic.