Microbial Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Newly Designed Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Probes Reveal Previously Unknown Endophytic Abilities of Tuber magnatum in Herbaceous Plants.","authors":"Simone Graziosi, Lara Deloche, Mélanie Januario, Marc-André Selosse, Aurélie Deveau, Cyrille Bach, Zhixiao Chen, Claude Murat, Mirco Iotti, Philippe Rech, Alessandra Zambonelli","doi":"10.1007/s00248-025-02542-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-025-02542-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuber magnatum Picco (the Italian white truffle) is the most valuable and widely appreciated truffle. It is an ectomycorrhizal fungus known to associate with many broadleaf tree species. However, its mycorrhizae are rarely observed in the field, suggesting possible alternative symbiotic strategies, such as endophytism with non-ectomycorrhizal plants. In order to test potential endophytic interactions of T. magnatum with wild plants, a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) approaches were used. Specific FISH probes for T. magnatum were designed, tested in vitro on hyphae and/or ectomycorrhizae, and selected for their specificity. These probes were then used on a wide variety root samples of wild plants collected from three T. magnatum production areas in Italy and previously tested for the presence of T. magnatum mycelium using PCR-specific primers. Molecular analyses detected the presence of T. magnatum in 21 of 100 plant samples analyzed. FISH analysis confirmed the extracellular presence of active T. magnatum hyphae inside the root system of Carex pendula Huds plant. This study provides the first evidence of T. magnatum acting as an endophyte in an herbaceous plant. The newly designed, highly specific T. magnatum FISH probes can be used for further investigations to confirm the endophytic tendencies of T. magnatum and to understand their influence on the life cycle and biology of this fungus.</p>","PeriodicalId":18708,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology","volume":"88 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonism of Bacillus velezensis ZGE166 Against the Pathogenic Fungi Causing Corm Rot Disease in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.).","authors":"Yingqiu Guo, Li Tian, Xinyu Zhu, Shu Liu, Lili Wang, Wankui Li","doi":"10.1007/s00248-025-02539-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-025-02539-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Saffron can be infected with pathogenic fungi that cause corm rot as it grows and multiplies, which can reduce the quality and yield of saffron. Corm rot has become one of the most serious diseases of saffron. In this study, rhizosphere bacteria were isolated from saffron rhizosphere soil, and bacteria exhibiting antagonistic effects against corm rot pathogenic fungi were screened using in vitro plate co-culture assays and dual-compartment agar plate systems. Selected strains were further evaluated for hydrolase activity determination and PGP potential assessment. Among them, Bacillus velezensis showed the best disease resistance activity. The degradative enzyme production and some beneficial characteristics of Bacillus velezensis for plant growth promotion were evaluated. It was found that Bacillus velezensis possesses nitrogen fixing, NH₃-producing, IAA production, and ACC-deaminating enzymes. The whole genome sequence of this strain was annotated and analyzed. The genome of Bacillus velezensis consists of a circular chromosome of 3,908,025 bp base pairs, with a guanine and cytosine content of 46.64%. There are 3737 protein-coding genes, including 86 tRNA genes, 27 rRNA genes, and 85 sRNA genes. The genome also contains four genomic islands, two pre-phages, and one transposon. The prediction of the secondary metabolic accumulation gene cluster demonstrated that the genome sequence of ZGE166 encodes 12 gene clusters involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including macrolactin H, bacillaene, fengycin, difficidin, and bacillibactin. In summary, strain ZGE166 Bacillus velezensis has the potential to be developed as a biological agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":18708,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology","volume":"88 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriophages as Vehicles for Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Onyar River, Spain.","authors":"Edgar González-Villalobos, Ana Carolina Maganha de Almeida Kumlien, Alexandre Sànchez-Melsió, José Luis Balcázar","doi":"10.1007/s00248-025-02541-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00248-025-02541-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the presence and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacterial and phage DNA fractions from sediment samples collected from the Onyar River, both before and after its passage through the urban area of Girona (northeast Spain). Genes conferring resistance to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines were quantified using quantitative PCR. Our findings showed that ARGs are present in both bacterial and phage DNA fractions, with a higher abundance in the bacterial fraction. Notably, our analysis revealed an increased abundance of the sulfonamide resistance gene sulI in the phage DNA fraction when comparing samples collected before and after the river's passage through the city. Although similar trends were observed for other ARGs (e.g., qnrS and sulII), these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). These findings emphasize the importance of phages as potential reservoirs or vehicles for ARGs in environmental settings. Further research is needed to elucidate the factors that influence gene transfer dynamics and the persistence of ARGs within phages.</p>","PeriodicalId":18708,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology","volume":"88 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure of Cotton Rhizosphere under Mulched Drip-Irrigation in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Northwest China.","authors":"Man Zhang, Yang Hu, Yue Ma, Tianyu Hou, Juanhong Wang, Qingxuan Che, Bolang Chen, Qinghui Wang, Gu Feng","doi":"10.1007/s00248-025-02540-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-025-02540-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xinjiang is situated in an arid and semi-arid region, where abundant heat and sunlight create highly favorable conditions for cotton cultivation. Xinjiang's cotton output accounts for nearly one-quarter of global production. Moreover, the implementation of advanced planting techniques, such as 'dwarfing, high-density, early-maturing' strategies combined with mulched drip irrigation, ensures stable and high yields in this region. Despite these advancements, limited research has focused on the microbial mechanisms in cotton fields employing these advanced planting methods. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to investigate the diversity and composition of bacterial and phoD (Alkaline phosphatases encoding gene) communities in the rhizosphere of cotton grown under different yield levels in Xinjiang Province, China. The Mantel test, redundancy analysis (RDA) and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) were employed to explore the interactions between soil bacterial and phoD communities, their network structures, and environmental factors. The bacterial and phoD communities in the cotton rhizosphere were predominantly composed of nine bacterial phyla (i.e., Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Rokubacteria, Firmicutes, and Nitrospirae) and five phoD phyla (i.e., Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, and Firmicutes), respectively. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that the medium yield cotton field (MYF) exhibited higher bacterial richness and diversity indices compared to low yield (LYF) and high yield (HYF) fields. The symbiotic network analysis of LYF revealed greater values of average degree, number of edges, and modularity, suggesting a more complex network structure in both bacterial and phoD communities. The Mantel test, RDA, and PLS-PM model identified soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic phosphorus (OP), available phosphorus (AP), total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and clay content as the main driving factors influencing changes in the rhizosphere bacterial community diversity and network structure. These findings provide a theoretical basis for future research aimed at improving soil quality and cotton yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":18708,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology","volume":"88 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota and Exercise: Probiotics to Modify the Composition and Roles of the Gut Microbiota in the Context of 3P Medicine.","authors":"Yongfu Liu, Yuting Hu, Baolei Ma, Zijun Wang, Bowen Wei","doi":"10.1007/s00248-025-02529-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-025-02529-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolonged and intense physical activity can trigger stress response mechanisms across various physiological systems-including the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and neuroendocrine systems-disrupting energy metabolism, immune function, redox balance, and hormonal regulation. Critically, when not accompanied by adequate recovery, such exertion may impair rather than enhance athletic performance. In parallel, there has been growing interest in probiotics as natural, safe, and accessible dietary supplements with the potential to support performance and recovery. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of the gut microbiome in mediating communication along the gut-brain and gut-muscle axes, thereby influencing not only metabolic and immune functions but also neuromuscular adaptation and fatigue resistance. This review explores the mechanisms through which probiotics may enhance exercise performance, mitigate exercise-induced fatigue, and improve physiological adaptation via modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic signaling pathways. Framed within the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3P medicine), this paper emphasizes the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of personalized probiotic strategies in optimizing athletic performance through the qualitative and quantitative assessment of microbiota and host responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18708,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology","volume":"88 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Bacillus velezensis MT9 on Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Intestinal Microbiota.","authors":"Matteo Calcagnile, Elisa Quarta, Alessandro Sicuro, Laura Pecoraro, Roberta Schiavone, Salvatore Maurizio Tredici, Adelfia Talà, Angelo Corallo, Tiziano Verri, Loredana Stabili, Pietro Alifano","doi":"10.1007/s00248-025-02531-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-025-02531-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of probiotics in aquaculture, due to their effectiveness on production, safety, and environmental friendliness. Probiotics, used as feed additives and as an alternative to antibiotics for disease prevention, have been shown to be active as growth promoters, improving survival and health of farmed fish. In this study, we have investigated the ability of the strain Bacillus velezensis MT9, as potential probiotic, to modulate the intestinal microbiota of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with the Bacillus velezensis-supplemented feed in an experimental aquaculture plant. The analysis of the microbial community of the Nile tilapia by culture-based and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding approaches demonstrated that B. velezensis MT9 reshapes the fish intestinal microbiota by reducing the amounts of opportunistic Gram-negative bacterial pathogens belonging to the phylum of Proteobacterium (Pseudomonadota) and increasing the amounts of beneficial bacteria belonging to the phyla Firmicutes (Bacillota) and Actinobacteria (Actinomycetota). Specifically, dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia with B. velezensis MT9 resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of bacteria of the genus Romboutsia, which has a well-documented probiotic activity, and a decrease in the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria of the genera Aeromonas and Vibrio, which include opportunistic pathogens for fish, and Escherichia/Shigella, which may pose a risk to consumers. The whole genome sequence of B. velezensis MT9 was then determined. Genome analysis revealed several peculiarities of B. velezensis MT9 compared to other B. velezensis reference strains including specific metabolic traits, differences in two-component and quorum sensing systems as well as the potential ability to produce a distinct array of secondary metabolites, which could explain the strong ability of this strain to modulate the intestinal microbiota of the Nile tilapia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18708,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology","volume":"88 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12045831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Temporal Shifts in Skin Bacteria on Wild and Captive Toads.","authors":"Chava L Weitzman, Kimberley Day, Gregory P Brown, Karen Gibb, Keith Christian","doi":"10.1007/s00248-025-02537-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-025-02537-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin bacteria on amphibian hosts play an important role in host health, but those communities are also constantly shifting based on environmental and host-related feedback. On some hosts, stability of skin communities depends on relatively abundant taxa, with less abundant taxa more readily entering and exiting the system. Cane toads (Rhinella marina) have invaded widespread, diverse tropical ecosystems, with varying ecology, physiology, and behaviour in different environments. In this study, we described temporal patterns of skin bacterial communities on cane toads at a site in northern Australia through the wet and dry seasons over two years. Toads in the wild population were paired with a captive-held population, housed in a semi-natural environment, to detect effects of time and season on wild toads, explore bacterial transience and volatility in skin taxa, and determine the extent to which skin communities on captive toads represent those on the wild population. We found community differences by captivity status, sampling timepoint, and season, with increased richness in the wet season on wild toads. Bacterial communities also became more similar among individuals (lower dispersion) in the wet season. Captive toads harboured more stable communities over time, likely owing to the reduced bacterial reservoirs experienced while in captivity. We propose that cane toads, with varied movement patterns among their diverse invaded habitats, provide an interesting direction for future work understanding the influences of habitat and movement on skin microbes, and the flexibility of microbial symbiotic interactions in invasive hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18708,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology","volume":"88 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Repertoire of Twenty-Two Novel Vibrionaceae Species Isolated from Marine Sediments.","authors":"Hannah Kaufmann, Carolina Salvador, Vinicius W Salazar, Natália Cruz, Graciela Maria Dias, Diogo Tschoeke, Lucia Campos, Tomoo Sawabe, Masayuki Miyazaki, Fumito Maruyama, Fabiano Thompson, Cristiane Thompson","doi":"10.1007/s00248-025-02533-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-025-02533-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genomic repertoire of vibrios has been extensively studied, particularly regarding their metabolic plasticity, symbiotic interactions, and resistance mechanisms to environmental stressors. However, little is known about the genomic diversity and adaptations of vibrios inhabiting deep-sea marine sediments. In this study, we investigated the genomic diversity of vibrios isolated from deep-sea core sediments collected using a manned submersible off Japan. A total of 50 vibrio isolates were obtained and characterized phenotypically, and by genome sequencing. From this total, we disclosed 22 novel species examining genome-to-genome distance, average amino acid identity, and phenotypes (Alivibrio: 1; Enterovibrio: 1; Photobacterium: 8; Vibrio: 12). The novel species have fallen within known clades (e.g., Fisheri, Enterovibrio, Profundum, and Splendidus) and novel clades (JAMM0721, JAMM0388, JAMM0395). The 28 remainder isolates were identified as known species: Aliivibrio sifiae (2), A. salmonicida (1), Enterovibrio baiacu (1), E. norvegicus (1), Photobacterium profundum (3), P. angustum (1), P. chitiniliticum (1), P. frigidiphilum (1), Photobacterium indicum (1), P. sanguinicancri (1). P. swingsii (2), Vibrio alginolyticus (3), V. anguillarum (1), V. campbellii (1), V. fluvialis (1), V. gigantis (1), V. lentus (1), V. splendidus (4), and V. tasmaniensis (1). Genomic analyses revealed that all 50 vibrios harbored genes associated with high-pressure adaptation, including sensor kinases, chaperones, autoinducer-2 (AI-2) signaling, oxidative damage repair, polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and stress response mechanisms related to periplasmic and outer membrane protein misfolding under heat shock and osmotic stress. Additionally, alternative sigma factors, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) respiration, and osmoprotectant acquisition pathways were identified, further supporting their ability to thrive in deep-sea environments. Notably, the genomes exhibited a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes, with antibiotic efflux pumps being the most abundant group. The ugd gene expanded in number in some novel species (Photobacterium satsumensis sp. nov. JAMM1754: 4 copies; Vibrio makurazakiensis sp. nov. JAMM1826: 3 copies). This gene may confer antibiotic (polymyxin) resistance to these vibrios.</p>","PeriodicalId":18708,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology","volume":"88 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12041005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition, Predicted Functions, and Co-occurrence Networks of Bacteria and Fungi in Hummock Wetlands of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China.","authors":"Xiaoai Cao, Huamin Liu, Rui Zhang, Yunhao Wen, Linqian Ma, Zhichao Xu, Lu Wen, Yi Zhuo, Dongwei Liu, Lixin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00248-025-02534-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-025-02534-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wetland microhabitats, varying in water table position, pH, and biochemical properties, have been understudied in terms of their influence on soil microbial community structure. This study employed amplicon-based gene sequencing to investigate the responses of both fungal and bacterial communities to habitat changes in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. The results showed that while α-diversity indices (Shannon and Chao1) did not significantly differ between hummocks and hollows, β-diversity analyses revealed distinct microbial community structures in these habitats. Bacterial communities were primarily influenced by soil pH, EC, and AP, whereas fungal communities were affected by pH, AKP, MBC, MBN, and AP. Bacterial interactions were predominant in hollows, whereas fungal interactions were predominant in hummocks. Hummocks significantly enhanced amino acid metabolism function, whereas hollows significantly increased the abundance of endophyte-litter saprotroph-soil saprotroph-undefined saprotroph. This study underscores the importance of habitats in regulating microbial networks and functions, thereby enhancing our understanding of the influence of microhabitats, such as hummocks, on wetland ecosystem structure and function.</p>","PeriodicalId":18708,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology","volume":"88 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12037661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasitoid Calyx Fluid and Venom Affect Bacterial Communities in Their Lepidopteran Host Labial Salivary Glands.","authors":"Maximilien A C Cuny, Gabriele Gloder, Mitchel E Bourne, Sarah N Kalisvaart, Christel Verreth, Sam Crauwels, Antonino Cusumano, Bart Lievens, Erik H Poelman","doi":"10.1007/s00248-025-02535-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-025-02535-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of gut and gonad bacterial communities on insect physiology, behaviour, and ecology is increasingly recognised. Parasitism by parasitoid wasps alters many physiological processes in their hosts, including gut bacterial communities. However, it remains unclear whether these changes are restricted to the gut or also occur in other tissues and fluids, and the mechanisms underlying such changes are unknown. We hypothesise that host microbiome changes result from the injection of calyx fluid (that contain symbiotic viruses known as polydnaviruses) and venom during parasitoid oviposition and that these effects vary by host tissue. To test this, we microinjected Pieris brassicae caterpillars with calyx fluid and venom from Cotesia glomerata, using saline solution and natural parasitism by C. glomerata as controls. We analysed changes in the bacterial community composition in the gut, regurgitate, haemolymph, and labial salivary glands of the host insects. Multivariate analysis revealed distinct bacterial communities across tissues and fluids, with high diversity in the salivary glands and haemolymph. Parasitism and injection of calyx fluid and venom significantly altered bacterial communities in the salivary glands. Differential abundance analysis showed that parasitism affected bacterial relative abundance in the haemolymph, and that Wolbachia was only found in the haemolymph of parasitized caterpillars. Altogether, our findings reveal that parasitism influences the host haemolymph microbiome, and both parasitism and injection of calyx fluid and venom drive changes in the bacterial community composition within the host salivary glands. Given that the composition of salivary glands can influence plant response to herbivory, we discuss these results in the broader context of plant-parasitoid interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18708,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology","volume":"88 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}