2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)最新文献

{"title":"A new use of UWB radar to detecting victims and discriminating humans from animals","authors":"X. Yu, T. Jiao, H. Lv, Y. Zhang, Z. Li, J. Q. Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572661","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology, UWB radar is widely used in disaster search and rescue operations and hostage rescue situations. Distinguishing between humans and animals is important during such searches. The aim of this paper is to study whether there are differences between humans and animals detected by UWB radar and whether these differences could be distinguished. In this paper, dogs are chosen in order to study their discrimination from humans. For the vital signs detected by UWB radar, which are mainly respiratory activity, dogs are similar to humans and cannot be distinguished from them by the detection methods now in use. Therefore, we propose a new method for distinguishing between humans and dogs by UWB radar detection based on a correlation coefficient of body micro vibration. The results show that there are differences between humans and dogs in correlation coefficients of body micro vibration and optimal correlation coefficients of body micro vibration. The method based on the correlation coefficient of body micro vibration could distinguish between humans and dogs.","PeriodicalId":187048,"journal":{"name":"2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124041600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation and modeling of response of buried pipes using FDTD and RSM","authors":"A. M. Hebsur, E. P. Rao, N. Muniappan, G. Venkatachalam","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572654","url":null,"abstract":"Interpretation of B-scans gathered using a GPR is often difficult. The difficulty can be resolved to a large extent if responses of common objects under different scenarios are known. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation is widely used to understand the response of buried objects to GPR under diverse object-ground scenarios. However, relating these responses to discern inherent patterns and trends has not been attempted by many. One useful tool for establishing relations between the responses under diverse conditions is the response surface method (RSM). The study presented here uses RSM along with FDTD simulation of response from buried pipes, modeled as circular air voids in a semi-infinite medium. The GPR response of a pipe is a function of object, host medium, and antenna characteristics. The response of GPR is treated as a RSM 4-parameter 3-level problem requiring 81 simulations; which are obtained from the FDTD method based on the GPRMax v2.0 simulator. The GPR responses considered here are the amplitude at the crown of each hyperbola and axes of each hyperbola (`a' and `b'). The computed amplitudes and hyperbola axes are expressed as functions of influencing parameters. Trend lines are drawn to illustrate the dependence of amplitudes on the parameters varied. The relationships for the axes of the hyperbolas are useful to estimate the size and depth of a pipe. The FDTD simulation combined with RSM helps to understand the response for any scenario falling within the chosen range without further computation-intensive simulations.","PeriodicalId":187048,"journal":{"name":"2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122075907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPR full-waveform inversion of horizontal ZOP borehole data using GprMax","authors":"A. Klotzsche, J. van der Kruk, G. He, H. Vereecken","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572695","url":null,"abstract":"Full-waveform inversion of GPR data has shown a high potential in many applications to obtain accurate and quantitative high resolution images of the subsurface. We implemented a new full-waveform inversion that combines an accurate 3D forward modeling approach with a shuffled complex evolution method that incorporates the complicated wave interactions and interferences that cannot be resolved by standard processes. This new approach is applied to zero-offset profile GPR data that were acquired in horizontal boreholes to monitor soil water content and water uptake by roots under different soil and treatment conditions. Using standard ray-based processing methods, the determined permittivity values close to the surface were not reliable due to interferences from the critically refracted air wave and the direct wave through the subsurface. Synthetic studies showed that traces at depths 0.1 m and 0.2 m are affected by these interferences and hence no reliable permittivity values and soil water content values can be obtain by standard ray-based approaches. The new full-waveform inversion was used to obtain reliable permittivity and soil water content results for three different treatment plots and six different depth positions between 0.06-1.16m of the horizontal boreholes. The inverted results show a good fit with the observed data and quantitative permittivity results were obtained for all depths.","PeriodicalId":187048,"journal":{"name":"2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"162 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129214630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling GPR data in the fourier domain: Choice of the radar source","authors":"M. Bano","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572510","url":null,"abstract":"A GPR system is composed of a transmitter and a receiver antenna placed on the ground surface. The exciting current injected into the transmitter antenna is, in general, unknown. Its knowledge is of great importance in the GPR modeling in time or frequency. In the following analysis we, firstly, identify different types of GPR waves for two parallel dipole antennas located on the ground in a common mid-point (CMP) configuration. Furthermore, we study the polarity of different arrivals from the numerical results calculated in the frequency domain and based on the knowledge of the current injected. A reference radar source can be obtained by taking the first derivative of the direct air wave in real field CMP data. For small offsets the direct waves interfere and the final result approximates the first derivative of the direct air wave.","PeriodicalId":187048,"journal":{"name":"2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125926064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data acquisition, processing, and visualization in microwave holography with probe tracking and positioning on video","authors":"A. Zhuravlev, V. Razevig, M. Chizh, S. Ivashov, A. Bugaev, A. Kokoshkin, V. Korotkov","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572628","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the development of the new holographic subsurface radar data acquisition technique in which the position and the polarization of the microwave probe are established by its tracking with video. This technique allows adaptive interactive data acquisition when probe trajectory could not be predefined or be equally dense in the areas with no target. The data processing technique is based on an FFT-algorithm which allows interactive operation. The concept of the data acquisition is demonstrated on the data obtained with a prototype of the system consisting of a holographic subsurface radar and a web-camera. Contrast markers are used to detect and track the antenna. Further development of the system is suggested. The augmented reality devices are considered as more suitable systems for the realization of the considered technique.","PeriodicalId":187048,"journal":{"name":"2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121525472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing GPR surveys, data processing and interpretation techniques for criminal gravesites location","authors":"N. Pudova, A. Urusova, M. Shirobokov, A. Marchkov","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572616","url":null,"abstract":"The authors of this article investigated several issues concerning the testing of GPR surveying and the development of data processing methods for assisting in solving criminal activities as performed by the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation. The work of governmental agencies along with forensic science are deeply based on using GPRs for detecting caches, crypts, conduits and saps, as well as buried explosives and bombs. This research contains general requirements for field work while surveying buried objects. The authors specify requirements for equipment to be used, how the processing of obtained materials should be managed, and, finally, what interpretation methods should be utilized. Various tools used in these specific areas were analyzed in cooperation with experts of the Russian Investigative Committee. This paper contains information on tests performed using an OKO-3 GPR device equipped with AB-400M3 aerial (central frequency 400 MHz), aimed at locating various objects, such as: metal sheet, metal pipe, concrete block, plastic tank filled with water, wooden log, and animal bones package (imitating organic burials). The article provides experimental material obtained and processed using these techniques. Measurements were tested over several stages. This type of monitoring not only allowed the tracing of signal alterations, but also the observation and analysis of potential changes to the soil's physical properties over time, depending on its density and moisture. This technique presupposes a GPR survey accomplished along an orthogonal observation grid with regular spacing between profiles, which allows 3D analysis of represented data. The authors suggest using a vast range of programming facilities for 3D-visualisation in programs of proprietary development. The results of these geophysical operations, in accordance with developed techniques, are represented in the object's location plan with determined depth and positioning. The investigated technique of using GPR surveying to uncover underground criminal activities, including explosives, proved to be highly successful and has thus been requested by law enforcement agencies.","PeriodicalId":187048,"journal":{"name":"2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126630940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive ground penetrating radar using AM radio broadcasting signals","authors":"L. Stolarczyk, G. L. Stolarczyk, C. C. Chen, D. Turner","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572634","url":null,"abstract":"Subsurface utility engineering (SUE) concerns are risk mitigation problems requiring confirmation, denial, and new evidence concerning long thin cylindrical conducting utilities illustrated on old, oftentimes unreliable, and out dated utility maps. This case study first presents a scientific, technology, engineering, and mathematical (STEM) description of a revolutionary class of radio detection technology that applies regional AM band radio satiation ground wave electromagnetic (EM) energy to illuminate 100's of square miles of urban surface area. Buried conductors in the illumination region re-radiate the AM radio signal, which becomes detectable only with our novel proprietary AM-band passive GPR, using gradiometric antenna-receiver (AMG) technology. The revolutionary technology is based on the long wavelength scattering limit theory of theoretical physics. We describe the nature of AM radio station ground wave EM energy illumination of subsurface utilities, the principles of AMG detection of re-radiated phase-coherent AM signal energy, and then compare images of long thin cylindrical conducting utilities with in-place maps of subsurface utilities. The utilities were buried near surface and down below 15 m (60 ft). Service area hydrocarbon plumes were mapped at the airport.","PeriodicalId":187048,"journal":{"name":"2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115499110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some limits of the method of the diffraction hyperbolas and a proposal for its overcoming","authors":"R. Persico, L. Matera, V. Desantis, F. Congedo, S. Lambot, J. Got","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572633","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we cope with the problem of the evaluation of the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic waves in the soil from diffraction hyperbolas. In particular, some limits of the well known method of the diffraction hyperbolas are put into evidence and are partially overcome by means of a sequential migration algorithm, which provides a fast, easy, and reliable technique, not requiring separable antennas (or an array of antennas) and not requiring further equipment beyond the GPR system itself. An example is presented, based on radar data from an archaeological site.","PeriodicalId":187048,"journal":{"name":"2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124415809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of homogeneous/heterogeneous water distribution on GPR wave velocity in a soil's wetting and drying process","authors":"J. Sham, W. Lai, C. Leung","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572693","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the effects of relatively homogeneous (RHWD) and relatively inhomogeneous water distributions (RIWD) in soil compared by varying the water content through a wetting and drying cycle in a tank (1.85m long × 1.55m wide × 1m deep) filled with 750mm thick plant soil. During the cycle, a 900MHz antenna was regularly used to capture GPR radargrams on a buried steel pipe. Hyperbolic reflections of a buried pipe at a fixed position were extracted to measure wave velocities/dielectric constants at different RHWD and RIWD in the wetting and drying cycle. A vertical coaxial-based water content sensor was also installed in a vertical standpipe in the middle of the tank to obtain the vertical water content profile, synchronized with and correlated to the GPR wave velocity/dielectric constant of the soil. The result of cross plotting between the dielectric constant and soil water content shows that the volumetric fraction of water in a porous medium is the sole important factor affecting dielectric properties of soil.","PeriodicalId":187048,"journal":{"name":"2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129010683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A theoretical method to relate the relative permittivity and thermal conductivity of sands","authors":"A. J. Rubin, C. Ho","doi":"10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572641","url":null,"abstract":"A theoretical method to relate the electrical relative permittivity (dielectric constant) and thermal conductivity of sands is presented. Extensive previous work has been done to relate the physical state (void ratio, water content, and saturation percent) of sandy soils to the bulk thermal conductivity and bulk relative permittivity respectively. These parameters have always been observed isolated from each other. However, both the bulk thermal conductivity and bulk relative permittivity are primarily dependent on the same physical characteristics. Therefore, it should be possible to estimate the thermal conductivity of a soil based on the relative permittivity measured (or vice versa). The objective of this research is to show that this estimation is possible based on actual laboratory measurements. Thermal conductivity and relative permittivity measurements were conducted on prepared bench scale specimens of dry Ottawa Sand at varying density. Thermal conductivity was measured using a thermal needle technique and relative permittivity was measured using a Dynamax TH2O probe. Based on the data collected, there appears to be a linear relationship between the two properties. A correlation is proposed based on the data collected that allows for one to calculate thermal conductivity directly from the relative permittivity measurement. Based on the data collected it appears that the theory that these properties could be estimated from each other is valid for dry sand.","PeriodicalId":187048,"journal":{"name":"2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131806399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}