Recent Developments in the Field of Carbon Fibers最新文献

{"title":"Building Hierarchical Micro-Structure on the Carbon Fabrics to Improve Their Reinforcing Effect in the CFRP Composites","authors":"Feng Xu, Xusheng Du, Helezi Zhou","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74706","url":null,"abstract":"Nano-fibers grafted on carbon fibers (CFs) has been of one of the most popular methods used for the carbon fibers surface treatment, which could significantly influence the inter facial properties between polymer matrix and carbon fibers in composites. This chap - ter demonstrated three novel carbon fibers surface treatment methods, they are carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grafted on CFs using catalysts formed in an ethanol flame, carbon fiber forests (CFFs) by carbon fiber surface brushing and abrading and ZnO nanowire grown onto CFs though a facile hydrothermal method respectively. Based on metal catalyst par - ticles or dopamine-based functionalization formed onto the nano-fiber/CF interface, a good interfacial bonding strength between the nano-fiber and CFs was observed by an instrumented tip of an atomic force microscope and further improvement of interfacial shear strength with epoxy as measured by the single fiber pull out/microbond test was realized. The hierarchical micro-fibers on CF fabrics were then utilized to fabricate the laminates to characterize anti-delamination capacity (the mode I and mode II interlami - nar fracture toughness) of these composite laminates, wherein carbon fiber fabrics were grafted with CNTs, short CFs and ZnO nanowires respectively.","PeriodicalId":186913,"journal":{"name":"Recent Developments in the Field of Carbon Fibers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130648558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Development of Reused Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Oriented Strand Boards","authors":"B. Jin","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77085","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing interest for the reused composite oriented strand board (COSB) for stiffness-critical and contoured applications. COSBs are made of rectangular shape prepreg strands that are randomly oriented within the structure. Development of this product form could markedly reduce the scrap generated during aerospace manufacturing processes. COSBs retain high modulus and drapability during processing and manufacturing. However, before any material can be deployed in industrial applications, its various properties must be well understood so that proper design analysis can be per- formed. Nondestructive testing (NDT) is widely used in research and industry to evaluate the quality of a variety of materials including composite materials and structures. NDT, as the name indicates, has the benefit that it does not alter or destroy the sample like other techniques, such as cross-sectional imaging. In this chapter, two nondestructive techniques, ultrasound and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), were used to char-acterize carbon fiber epoxy composites, particularly comparing conventional laminates and reused COSB. The void content and morphology of samples cured using a range of materials and process parameters were determined using NDT and conventional micro- scopic analysis of cross sections. The mass distribution of fiber and resin within each sample was also determined. The manufacturing and NDT of COSB were introduced, and provided most detailed information on composite microstructure, including void size, void morphology, void distribution, and overall void content. Conventional micro- CT was determined to be ill-suited to scan large samples because of long scan times and large file sizes. To enhance the capabilities of micro-CT for evaluation of composite materials and structures, a micro-CT postprocessing method using stitching computer programming algorithms was developed. The method presented markedly increases the resolution that micro-CT can achieve, as well as the maximum feasible sample size, thus overcoming some of the primary drawbacks to conventional micro-CT. The primary objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of NDT methods in the assessment of both conventional composite laminates and the reused COSB fabricated from prepreg scrap. To this end, the advantages and limitations of ultrasound and micro-CT were discussed. The results showed that with stitching up postprocessing, micro-CT can be used to detect global void morphology structure wide, making the technique competitive with ultrasound, yet with greater resolution and equivalent scan size.","PeriodicalId":186913,"journal":{"name":"Recent Developments in the Field of Carbon Fibers","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134336055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Fabrication and Application of Multi-Scale, Multi- Functional Nanostructured Carbon Fibers","authors":"Yang Liu, Chao-Yue Zhang, Xinyu Zhang","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74215","url":null,"abstract":"To further improve and upgrade the existing functions of carbon fibers, and to endow the carbon fiber with new and desired functions, the most effective and economic way is to create nanostructures on the carbon fiber surface. The carbon fibers with nanostructures grown on the surface, or namely nanostructured carbon fibers, not only maintain the intrinsic high strength, light weight, high thermal conductivity of carbon fiber, but also obtain significant functional enhancements in mechanical properties, interfacial bonding and electrocatalytic property. Different kinds of nanostructures, such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanotubes, nanosheets, and nanoflowers, are controllably grown on the surface of carbon fibers by using various kinds of techniques, including chemical vapor deposi- tion (CVD), laser ablation, microwave treatment, and hydrothermal process. These multiscale, multifunctional nanostructured carbon fibers not only add new and interesting branches to the carbon fiber family, but also pave the way for the application of carbon fibers in next-generation fiber-reinforced composite, energy storage device and green energy production.","PeriodicalId":186913,"journal":{"name":"Recent Developments in the Field of Carbon Fibers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130303539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Carbon Fibers Recovered by Pyrolysis of Cured Prepregs and Their Reuse in New Composites","authors":"A. Fernández, C. Lopes, C. González, F. López","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74281","url":null,"abstract":"The applications of composite materials are rapidly growing. In the aeronautical sector, composites account for up to 50% of the weight of a modern typical commercial aircraft. However, the amount of composites currently recycled is less than 5% of the total amount produced. With environmental concerns becoming an increasingly influential topic, recy clability of composite materials is a key issue. Furthermore, several related European laws have been passed to minimize the environmental impact of composite structures and to make rational use of landfills. In this chapter, the authors analyze recycling tech - niques for carbon fiber composites with thermoset polymer matrix. The objective is to reuse the fibers in new, lower cost composites with similar properties. Starting from a pyrolysis step, followed by oxidation, an evaluation of the different parameters of the recycling process has been performed. The characterization of the fibers includes tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The recycled fibers pre sented a reduction of their initial tensile strength lower than 10%. Then, remanufactur- ing of laminates using the recycled fibers was achieved by resin film infusion, obtaining laminates with properties similar to the brand-new composites. These results have the potential to be exploited by the automotive, aeronautical, wind energy, construction, and other sectors. significantly, independently of the oxidation time. These results still have to be investigated but are judged not to impact the properties of the remanufacture composites. the of the unidirection-ally aligned of film infusion method in of resulting ply thickness, disposition of the fiber/resin ratio, and porosity control. It provides a potential solution to prepreg production scraps with enhanced quality assurance, resulting in the reduction of toxic emissions. resulted lami nates presented similar content and shear properties as compared to the brand new composites.","PeriodicalId":186913,"journal":{"name":"Recent Developments in the Field of Carbon Fibers","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117172017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Materials for Construction Application Based on Classical and Nano Composites: Production and Properties","authors":"A. Kolosov, E. Kolosova","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73393","url":null,"abstract":"At the present stage of polymeric material science, the physical and chemical modifica - tion of the surface of reinforcing fibers and liquid polymer binder is the basic direction in the development of functional polymeric composite materials (PCMs) for structural purposes. In this chapter, various aspects of the physical and chemical modification of the components of reactoplastic materials of structural design on the basis of classical and nano-modified (NM) PCMs are analyzed. The choice of the most effective types of carbon nanofillers for creating functional PCMs is exemplified by the example of carbon plastics. The main emphasis is made on ultrasonic processing as the dominant method of physi cal modification when obtaining PCMs. It is shown that such a physical modification is aimed at the intensification of many technological operations for the production of such materials, as well as at improving the physico-mechanical and operational characteris - tics of the resulting products and structures on their basis. The questions of designing the technological process for the production of functional classical and NM PCMs are briefly analyzed. The aspects of creation of NM carbonocomposites in which a continu ous carbon fiber is combined with a binder in the volume of which the ultradisperse car - bon nanoparticles are evenly distributed are considered. The prospects of production of functional hybrid PCMs based on reinforcing fabric with NM filler are shown. Features of obtaining functional NM carbono-composites with improved physico-mechanical and operational properties, in particular, with increased strength, electrical conductivity and crack resistance are described.","PeriodicalId":186913,"journal":{"name":"Recent Developments in the Field of Carbon Fibers","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123497820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Woven Composites: From Weaving to Manufacturing","authors":"H. El-Dessouky, M. Saleh","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74311","url":null,"abstract":"Manufacturing near-net shape preforms of fibre-reinforced composites has received growing interest from industry. Traditionally, a preform was made from 2D fabrics, but recently, it has been shown that 3D textiles can be used with success; with weav - ing being the predominant technology for carbon fibre composites. In 3D weaving, weft, warp and binder fibres run across, along and through the fabrics in the X, Y and Z direc - tions, respectively. Producing a unitised single-piece fabric and subsequently reducing the takt time required for rapid composite manufacturing are two of the main advantages of using 3D woven preforms. Weaving of 3D fabrics, manufacturing of 3D composites, physical characterisation and mechanical testing of infused composites samples are dis - cussed in this chapter. Finally, a large automotive composite made of single-piece 3D woven preform was manufactured and presented for demonstration.","PeriodicalId":186913,"journal":{"name":"Recent Developments in the Field of Carbon Fibers","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128129247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Fibers in Biomedical Applications","authors":"Naveen Kumar, A. Gangwar, Khangembam SangeetaDevi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75826","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional growth of fibroblasts on carbon fibre mesh and assessment of biocom - patibilty by in vitro and in vivo examination was done. Suitable size carbon fiber mesh after sterilization, placed in six well cell culture plate. The mesh was co-cultured with p-MEF cells. At different time intervals the viability and proliferation of the p-MEF cells was evaluated. The primary objective of this study was biological evaluation of carbon fibre mesh which can be used for creation of three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engi -neering. Among the possible forms of implants, fibrous matrices are highly promising for the tissue regeneration by acting as a cell-supporting scaffold. Results of in vitro observa tions of the morphology p-MEF cells seeded on the surface of carbon fibre mesh shows adhesions and attachment of fibroblasts cells to carbon fibres on day 3 post seeding. They attached firmly and were uniformly spread along the fibres on day 5 postseeding and mostly spindle-shaped and cover almost all their surface on day 7 postseeding and such a spreading of cells indicates good adhesions and biocompatibility of carbon fibres. In vivo examination of retrieved sample on day 30 post implantation shows that carbon fibre mesh was covered by dense thick fibrous connective tissue. use of different types of carbon fibers of different physical, structural and chemical properties, resulting from many technological parameters. Most of the papers concerning examinations of CFs for medical purposes describe neither the type of carbon fibers used nor their funda mental properties determining their behavior in a biological environment. We will discuss the use of carbon fibers in biomedical applications under different headings:","PeriodicalId":186913,"journal":{"name":"Recent Developments in the Field of Carbon Fibers","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115250948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Recycling and Reuse of End-of-Life Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers","authors":"R. Khanna","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76709","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial carbon-bearing waste from airliners, trains, cars, boats, turbine blades, sporting, industrial and commercial goods is very hard to recycle or reshape into original components [1, 2]. Carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) (>90% carbon) contain significant fraction of carbon fibres within a polymer matrix, along with varying levels of additives such as silica, alumina and other minerals. Carbon fibres contribute towards high tensile strength, whereas the matrix provides the impact strength [3]. Their key characteristics such as long-term thermal stability, rigidity, dimensional stability, resistance to creep and deformation under load, high electrical and thermal insulating properties and other advantages play an important role in their various applications; however, these create major bottlenecks for their end-of-use disposal [4, 5]. These fire-resistant materials that are designed to resist combustion contain large amounts of pure, disordered carbon with a complex bond network and are difficult to recycle by conventional means.","PeriodicalId":186913,"journal":{"name":"Recent Developments in the Field of Carbon Fibers","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124988537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}