IRPN: Innovation Systems (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Estonian Innovation Policy Activity Against the Background of the EU Member States","authors":"Janno Reiljan, Ingra Paltser","doi":"10.15157/TPEP.V20I1.779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15157/TPEP.V20I1.779","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation policy is essential to guarantee a country’s development and the continuous enhancement of its innovation performance. The aim of this paper is to empirically analyse the position of Estonia in different innovation policy areas compared to other European countries. Seventeen different variables that characterise the activities of the public sector in promoting innovation are used in a principal component analysis to reveal the structure of public sector activities in promoting innovation. The principal component analysis reveals that the activities of the public sector in promoting innovation can be characterised using six components. Analysis of Estonia’s position in these policy areas shows that in comparison with other European countries, the extent to which the public sector in Estonia enhances the overall framework for innovation is above the European average and RD only a small proportion of innovative enterprises in Estonia receive financial support for innovation from the public sector (including support from the EU), and universities and public sector agencies in Estonia only cooperate with firms in innovation activities to a small degree.","PeriodicalId":186347,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Systems (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121103454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social & Idea Plasmas from Social & Idea Fusions — Replicating Silicon Valley in China Using 45 Models of Innovation","authors":"R. Greene","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2243331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2243331","url":null,"abstract":"China is establishing new industrial pars ata rate greater than ever seen before in history. China is also revisiting extant industrial parks to upgrade their performance and increase their innovativity. China is also washing over both new and established such parks, a sequence of upgrades to basic urban and technical infrastructures. Study of failed replications of Silicon Valley dynamics in industrial parks in Europe and the USA are being used by China's leadership to design and install robust edge-of-field measure of what they judge to be the key forces that push ordinary industrial concentrations into FUSION states — where ideas, technologies, people, funds, and ventures flow till all good ones find homes that love them. The formula that is emerging, from a series of interviews conducted bia Skype across China in 2011, is — pulsed systems, tech infrastructure upgrade rhythms, social-idea density, radical outsourced agile venture forms, measures for impact of tactics on: social index levels, flow rates, density of interaction, and finally decade-long steady defense technology demand. Parks are to be managed towards Social-Idea Fusion points, where Social-Idea Plasma states lead to radically intense, fast, dense flows that spawn globally competitive venture and technology formation rates. Finally, each of 45 models of innovation are being measured and designed into new parks, then balances among them tweaked to optimize density of idea and person measures. This paper reports the leading edge practices of the leading park founders and managers to date. These constitute an emerging new model of techno-park structure, functioning, and goal.","PeriodicalId":186347,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Systems (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126339279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Three-Dimensional Model of Residential Energy Consumer Archetypes for Local Energy Policy Design in the UK","authors":"Zhang Tao, Peer-Olaf Siebers, U. Aickelin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2823289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2823289","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews major studies in three traditional lines of research in residential energy consumption in the UK, i.e., economic/infrastructure, behaviour, and load profiling. Based on the review the paper proposes a three-dimensional model for archetyping residential energy consumers in the UK by considering property energy efficiency levels, the greenness of household behaviour of using energy, and the duration of property daytime occupancy. With the proposed model, eight archetypes of residential energy consumers in the UK have been identified. They are: pioneer greens, follower greens, concerned greens, home stayers, unconscientious wasters, regular wasters, daytime wasters, and disengaged wasters. Using a case study, these archetypes of residential energy consumers demonstrate the robustness of the 3-D model in aiding local energy policy/intervention design in the UK.","PeriodicalId":186347,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Systems (Topic)","volume":"25 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131894268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Regional Innovation Performance in Portugal - Results from an External Logistic BIPLOT Method","authors":"P. Galindo, Maria Teresa De Noronha Vaz, Eric de Noronha Vaz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1898573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1898573","url":null,"abstract":"Portuguese strategic choices regarding innovation and R&D policy have, over the past two decades, produced various positive achievements, in which the regions of Lisbon and Algarve have taken the lead, and are the only ones in the country to converge towards the European average growth rate. Regarding the other Portuguese regions - despite significant national growth rates in the 1990s as well as a successful attempt to cope with the EMU -, these are lagging behind the EU average with respect to gross production, investment or employment generation. Meanwhile, one of the greatest public policy efforts was to diffuse much of the European funds across the entrepreneurial sector. After a long pathway, it is now timely to evaluate the firms' contribution to national and regional growth, their obstacles and impacts. For the purpose of this paper, innovation is used here as a major contributor to the policy evaluation process referred to above. Our investigation aims to explain the present performance of Portuguese firms located throughout the country and to explore those innovation determinants that have a region-specific connotation. To provide a thorough investigation, our analysis defines, on a regional basis, a set of firms' behavioural patterns regarding innovation. In our modelling, we employ a new methodology, viz. the External Logistic Biplot method, which is applied to an extensive sample of innovative institutions in Portugal. Variables such as 'Promoting knowledge', 'Management skills', 'Promoting R&D', 'Knowledge transfer', 'Promoting partnership & cooperation', and 'Orientation of public measures' have been identified as crucial determinants in earlier studies and are now used to describe regional institutional profiles. Such profiles exhibit a great variety in the way they combine these determinants to promote regional innovation. The creation of a gradient of capacity to dynamically innovate associated with each firm makes it possible to analyse the innovation gradient of each region in Portugal. Our paper presents and systematically investigates these findings and then reaches some policy conclusions.","PeriodicalId":186347,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Systems (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134562177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Cities: Unlocking Future Local Economic Growth and Fiscal Capacity","authors":"Darrene L. Hackler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2015055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2015055","url":null,"abstract":"As cities face increasing global competition and fiscal constraints in the post-recession economy, many city leaders wonder from what source future growth will emerge. One answer to this question is innovation. Cities that create a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship will be better positioned for economic recovery, job creation, greater resiliency, and the potential for regional economic transformation. The paper explores the role of local government policy in cultivating and fostering an innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem. In particular, it focuses on local economic development and fiscal policies that can create and foster this ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":186347,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Systems (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129924588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Technology Diffusion on Industrial Export: Empirical Analysis of Iranian Economy","authors":"A. Shahabadi, Mohammad Rahimi, Shilan Sheykhaghaee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1977841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1977841","url":null,"abstract":"Recent theories of international economics deal with oriented innovation in reaction to economic incentives as a main engine of technological progress and competitiveness. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of real variables such as stock accumulation of domestic RD while the coefficient of inflation rate indicated that the rate of inflation has negative and significant effect on industrial export in the Iranian economy.","PeriodicalId":186347,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Systems (Topic)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123347829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Regional Knowledge Production in University Technology Transfer: Isolating Coevolutionary Effects","authors":"Marcel Hülsbeck, Erik E. Lehmann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1588930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1588930","url":null,"abstract":"The rate and magnitude of university-to-industry-technology-transfer (UITT) is a function not only of university characteristics but also of regional factors. A university's embeddedness in an innovative regional milieu moderates UITT. This necessary balance of the supply side (technology push) and demand side (market pull) of technology transfer has so far neither been systematically addressed in the technology transfer literature nor has it been acknowledged by policy makers.We investigate UITT as a function of the interrelation of the industrial innovative milieu of a region and the characteristics of regional universities to identify the impact of the industry on UITT. Thereby we do not only aim to reduce the existing empirical gap in the academic entrepreneurship literature but also to inform policy in its attempt to foster UITT in European regions.","PeriodicalId":186347,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Systems (Topic)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114958423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control Rights and the Performance of Strategic Alliances","authors":"C. Häussler, Matthew J. Higgins","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1424073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1424073","url":null,"abstract":"A significant amount of research has addressed strategic alliances however less attention has been paid to how the underlying allocation of control rights within these agreements impacts the performance of alliances. We demonstrate that the theoretical predictions with respect to the allocation of control rights by Aghion and Tirole (1994) have implications for alliance success. Using unique survey data from German biotechnology alliances with pharmaceutical partners we link the ex ante allocation of control rights to ex post alliance success. We find that although incumbent firms are able to draw from more experience and have a larger set of re-sources in place, relinquishing rights to the young and small research intensive partner may be one way to improve alliance performance. Finally, we are able to comment on which rights may be more important in leading to alliance success.","PeriodicalId":186347,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Systems (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128497464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China's Emergent Political Economy – Insights from the IT Industry","authors":"D. Ernst, Barry J. Naughton","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2742927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2742927","url":null,"abstract":"Since the turn of the 21st century, a distinctive Chinese variety of industrial capitalism has taken shape. In this chapter, we trace the contours of China’s emergent industrial economy, giving special attention to the role of the information technology (IT) industry. Through the reform era in China, the IT industry has often been a forerunner of broader trends in the industrial economy, and this continues to be true today. For most of the socialist period, development was equated with large, heavy industrial plants: steel and machine-building. Even under market transition, the Chinese government at first maintained its faith in guided development and invested resources in large, state-owned firms in the hope of creating “national champions.” But in the past decade, and especially since 1999, planners have moved away from the “big-is-better” model of industrialization, and instead placed their hopes in science and technology-intensive industry and the development of human resources. This emphasis has recently been formalized in the 11th Five Year Plan (2006-2010), with its emphasis on human resources, technology development, and a scientific approach to development (Naughton 2005b). The IT industry has thus stepped into the starring role in a long-running drama, that of China’s transformation into an industrial economy. We use the IT industry as a wedge to gain entry into the industrial economy as a whole, and to provide insights into the broader development of China’s industrial capitalism. At the same time, we are not just interested in the context of IT industry development: we are interested in the changes in business strategy and the building of technological capabilities that are taking place within the IT industry as well. China’s industry is already so large and so diverse that it is difficult to make meaningful statements that apply to the entire industrial economy. Examining strategy and capabilities -- especially innovative capabilities -- gives us a crucial benchmark to assess how real the changes in the IT industry have been. What alternative strategies are emerging in China to the now discredited “big-is-better” chaebol-type model? Will China become a leading world technology power? Or will limitations in its economic and innovation system and in its position in the world knowledge economy prevent China from moving beyond its current status of a low-cost global export manufacturing platform? In this sense, we assess China’s IT industry as an exemplar of China’s overall industrial transformation. From the perspective of the IT sector, we see a fairly successful transition toward a capitalist market economy for China. In the IT sector, state-owned firms, while present, play a secondary role. In the overall industrial economy state ownership is still significant, but it is now concentrated primarily in natural resource sectors and utilities. By contrast, in those sectors where technical innovation is critical, such as IT hardware and s","PeriodicalId":186347,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Systems (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131285905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualizing Innovation Clusters and Networks","authors":"A. Hamdouch","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1261972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1261972","url":null,"abstract":"Le processus d’innovation ne concerne plus seulement l’entrepreneur innovateur qui, a l’image de Bernard Palissy, brulerait jusqu’a ses meubles pour atteindre son objectif. L’intermediation des institutions financieres et le developpement de nouveaux instruments financiers ou l’apparition d’operateurs toujours plus specialises, semblent modifier sensiblement les fondements de la dynamique d’innovation industrielle. Le capital-risque joue un role tres important dans le financement de projets innovants, et cette presentation s’inscrit dans un reperage des conditions de mobilisation de ces fonds. Le modele presente a donc pour objectif de reperer des variables susceptibles d’inciter les organisations impliquees, a investir dans des projets a risque, et cela, en essayant d’integrer les pratiques financieres de ces operateurs. L’adaptation de modeles bases sur les options financieres, et la construction de portefeuilles adaptes, semblent repondre aux pratiques observees du capital-risque. Ce travail se conclut alors sur une etude de la sensibilite du modele, aux differents coefficients sur lesquels il s’appuie, plus particulierement, sur le caractere incitatif du niveau des taux d’interets concernant l’entree du capital-risque dans un projet, et sur ses consequences sur les conditions de sortie. The academic interest in innovation clusters and networks has given rise to a vast stream of works in recent years. Besides defining the notions of clusters and innovation clusters or networks, a core topic within the literature relates to the analysis of the logics underlying the emergence, the structuring and the evolution of innovative activities within various geographic areas. But despite the large amount of efforts deployed, there are no consensual views amongst academics on various conceptual and analytical key issues, especially as regarding the spatial/geographical boundaries of an innovation cluster and the nature and intensity of the actors interaction that characterize it. The whole picture is also blurred as a persistent “disciplinary segregation” prevent from integrating the most valuable and converging insights that could be drawn from various yet complementary social sciences perspectives. The paper offers a critical survey of the most visible pieces of the literature and suggests some possible pathways for a better grounding for the analysis of clustering and networking phenomena within innovative or creative fields.","PeriodicalId":186347,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Systems (Topic)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116291980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}