{"title":"Conceptualizing Innovation Clusters and Networks","authors":"A. Hamdouch","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1261972","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Le processus d’innovation ne concerne plus seulement l’entrepreneur innovateur qui, a l’image de Bernard Palissy, brulerait jusqu’a ses meubles pour atteindre son objectif. L’intermediation des institutions financieres et le developpement de nouveaux instruments financiers ou l’apparition d’operateurs toujours plus specialises, semblent modifier sensiblement les fondements de la dynamique d’innovation industrielle. Le capital-risque joue un role tres important dans le financement de projets innovants, et cette presentation s’inscrit dans un reperage des conditions de mobilisation de ces fonds. Le modele presente a donc pour objectif de reperer des variables susceptibles d’inciter les organisations impliquees, a investir dans des projets a risque, et cela, en essayant d’integrer les pratiques financieres de ces operateurs. L’adaptation de modeles bases sur les options financieres, et la construction de portefeuilles adaptes, semblent repondre aux pratiques observees du capital-risque. Ce travail se conclut alors sur une etude de la sensibilite du modele, aux differents coefficients sur lesquels il s’appuie, plus particulierement, sur le caractere incitatif du niveau des taux d’interets concernant l’entree du capital-risque dans un projet, et sur ses consequences sur les conditions de sortie. The academic interest in innovation clusters and networks has given rise to a vast stream of works in recent years. Besides defining the notions of clusters and innovation clusters or networks, a core topic within the literature relates to the analysis of the logics underlying the emergence, the structuring and the evolution of innovative activities within various geographic areas. But despite the large amount of efforts deployed, there are no consensual views amongst academics on various conceptual and analytical key issues, especially as regarding the spatial/geographical boundaries of an innovation cluster and the nature and intensity of the actors interaction that characterize it. The whole picture is also blurred as a persistent “disciplinary segregation” prevent from integrating the most valuable and converging insights that could be drawn from various yet complementary social sciences perspectives. The paper offers a critical survey of the most visible pieces of the literature and suggests some possible pathways for a better grounding for the analysis of clustering and networking phenomena within innovative or creative fields.","PeriodicalId":186347,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Systems (Topic)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2008-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"39","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IRPN: Innovation Systems (Topic)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1261972","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Abstract
Le processus d’innovation ne concerne plus seulement l’entrepreneur innovateur qui, a l’image de Bernard Palissy, brulerait jusqu’a ses meubles pour atteindre son objectif. L’intermediation des institutions financieres et le developpement de nouveaux instruments financiers ou l’apparition d’operateurs toujours plus specialises, semblent modifier sensiblement les fondements de la dynamique d’innovation industrielle. Le capital-risque joue un role tres important dans le financement de projets innovants, et cette presentation s’inscrit dans un reperage des conditions de mobilisation de ces fonds. Le modele presente a donc pour objectif de reperer des variables susceptibles d’inciter les organisations impliquees, a investir dans des projets a risque, et cela, en essayant d’integrer les pratiques financieres de ces operateurs. L’adaptation de modeles bases sur les options financieres, et la construction de portefeuilles adaptes, semblent repondre aux pratiques observees du capital-risque. Ce travail se conclut alors sur une etude de la sensibilite du modele, aux differents coefficients sur lesquels il s’appuie, plus particulierement, sur le caractere incitatif du niveau des taux d’interets concernant l’entree du capital-risque dans un projet, et sur ses consequences sur les conditions de sortie. The academic interest in innovation clusters and networks has given rise to a vast stream of works in recent years. Besides defining the notions of clusters and innovation clusters or networks, a core topic within the literature relates to the analysis of the logics underlying the emergence, the structuring and the evolution of innovative activities within various geographic areas. But despite the large amount of efforts deployed, there are no consensual views amongst academics on various conceptual and analytical key issues, especially as regarding the spatial/geographical boundaries of an innovation cluster and the nature and intensity of the actors interaction that characterize it. The whole picture is also blurred as a persistent “disciplinary segregation” prevent from integrating the most valuable and converging insights that could be drawn from various yet complementary social sciences perspectives. The paper offers a critical survey of the most visible pieces of the literature and suggests some possible pathways for a better grounding for the analysis of clustering and networking phenomena within innovative or creative fields.