Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources最新文献

{"title":"Coniferous Tree Species Effects on Soil Chemical Characteristics in Goro-Gutu District, Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Tolera Fikadu","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000281","url":null,"abstract":"The fast growing natures of conifer tree species and favorable economic returns from these trees have encouraged the conversion of natural grasslands in open forests into tree plantations in Ethiopia. The dominant tree species used for this purpose in open forest areas of Eastern Oromia were Podocarpus falcatus, Juniperus procera and Cupressus lusitanica. These tree species plantations are spreading rapidly in mountain areas, specially, in protected open forest areas. However, how different tree species affect soil chemical nutrients of the open areas after plantation is remain largely unknown. Thus, the study was conducted at Keramile open forest of Goro-gutu district, Eastern Ethiopia, to evaluate the effect of coniferous tree species on grassland or open areas found in the open forest. The coniferous tree species used for our study were Podocarpus falcatus, Juniperus procera and Cupressus lusitanica. The current study investigated the soil chemical contents under the three tree species canopies, outside canopies as well as the interactions between tree species and canopy covers. Our results showed that the evaluated coniferous tree species had significant effect on soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), organic carbon (OC), available phosphorous (av. P) and sodium (Na); in which soil pH, TN, OM and OC contents were significantly higher under P. falcatus than J. procera and C. lusitanica tree species. But no significant difference was detected in soil pH, TN, OM and OC contents between J. procera and C. lusitanica tree species. The present results also revealed that the canopy cover and their interaction had significant effect on soil OM, pH, OC, av. K, TN, EC, Na and CEC; were significantly higher OM, pH, OC, av. K, TN and CEC were obtained in the outside canopy than under the tree canopy cover, whereas soil EC and Na contents were higher under canopy than outside canopy cover. However, no significant difference was observed between under canopy and the outside canopy in soil av. P, Ca and Mg contents. Generally, our study showed that the coniferous tree species evaluated had negative impact on soil chemical properties (OM, pH, OC, av. K, TN and CEC) of the open or grassland of the study area. Therefore, management and monitoring of soil chemical characteristics of grassland found in open forest is crucial in Keramile open forest, Goro-gutu district, Eastern Ethiopia and other open woodlands receiving similar practice.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132895456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential Extraction and Geochemistry of Heavy Metals in Ayetoro Coastal Sediments, Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"Ayodele Olusiji Samuel","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000261","url":null,"abstract":"Previous geochemical investigation of Ayetoro area discovered that its coastal sediments are enriched with sulphide mineralization. However, in order to determine the geochemical phases of the heavy metals in the coastal sediments, random sampling method was utilized across 10 locations, at a depth of 40cm using Van grab sampler at a sampling density of 200m interval. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) Buck Scientific Model 205A was used to analyze nine (9) heavy metal concentrations namely Ni, Zn, Co, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr, Cd and Cu in the coastal sediments, followed by sequential extraction of the metals, using five fractional phases. The results revealed that the geochemical concentration of the heavy metals as follows: Ni (5.89ppm - 16.82ppm), Zn (2.59ppm - 115.65ppm.), Co (1.22ppm - 22.77ppm), Mn (30.95ppm - 186.49ppm), Fe (6.632ppm - 1925.96ppm), Pb (5.17ppm - 55.96ppm), Cr (0.26ppm - 28.06ppm), Cd (0.13ppm -22.23ppm), and Cu (2.26ppm - 41.94ppm) and showed the concentration order as Residual>Reducible>Organic>Exchangeable>Carbonate. Most of the heavy metals in carbonate and exchangeable phase have low concentration except for Cd. This implied that Cd is of low mobility and bioavailability which is very dangerous as its intake by man leads to kidney diseases and causes bones to become weaker. Also, Mobility factor of Cd stood out because of its high concentration in the exchangeable phase compared to other four non-residual phases. The mobility and bioavailability of the heavy metals are in this order: Cd>Co>Ni>Pb>Cr>Mn>Cu>Zn>Fe respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the heavy metals are significantly different in all the phases based on their accumulation index in the sediments while majority of the heavy metals lacked the ability to remobilize but can be released into the environment under reducing and oxidizing conditions.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114291893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Studies on the Ethnic Fermented Food Products and its Preservation Methods with Special Focus of North-East India","authors":"","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000319","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the people present in the North-eastern states of India are tribal people whose daily diet constitutes of various fermented food products. These food products are mostly prepared by their own traditional methods which they have inherited from their ancestors. This paper brings together a brief comparative study on the different fermented food products which are region specific and have their unique substrate and preparation methods. The substrates like cereals, pulses and vegetables are fermented by the local tribe. The alcoholic beverages produced in the states have unique taste and out siders preferred to take the drink. The common microorganisms like Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Candida sp., Bacillus sp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae etc., are found in these fermented food products. These products help to improve the economy of the local people and it can be commercialized with proper formulation studies in future.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114210316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing a Variational Quantum Classifier through the Behavior Analysis of its Components","authors":"A. Haque","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000296","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computer introduces a novel approach to process information. In quantum information processing, the law of quantum mechanics is applied to solve many practical computational problems. Classification is one such problem that can be resolved efficiently with the gate model quantum computer. There are several types of classifiers available in quantum domain, such as- variational quantum classifier (VQC), Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) with Kernel Approximation, Hybrid Quantum Neural Network (QNN) etc. However, in this study, the mathematical similarities between VQC and classical support vector machine (SVM) and the components of the VQC are analyzed to optimize the performance of the classifier. For the convenience of the study, publicly available datasets, such as- IRIS dataset and Breast cancer dataset, are used in the experiments. IRIS dataset is brought into play for the testing and breast cancer dataset dimension reduced by Principle component analysis (PCA) is for validity test of the optimized VQC. After studying the VQC components in detail, it is found that the optimized VQC outperforms some of the classical machine learning algorithms or sometimes works as similar as classical SVM. The optimized VQC algorithm classifies IRIS dataset with 100% of accuracy and PCA dimension reduced Breast cancer dataset with 90% of accuracy. All of these studies are conducted with the help of Qiskit- an open-source software development kit (SKD) which is developed by IBM. So, the quantum device is considered to be ideal in every experiment.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117121553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic of Phosphorus in Soils Fertilized with different Phosphorus Sources and Phosphorus Acquisition by Lotus Corniculatus","authors":"C. E. Quintero","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000307","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic of the reaction between a clayey and sandy soil and three P-sources differing in P-solubility was study in a greenhouse experiment were Lotus corniculatus was cultivated and harvested several times during 287 days. The absorbed P by the plants with time was interpreted by an equation representing the P already present, added P, extracted P and the retained P even after the extraction by a soil-P test. The dry yield and P uptake differed between soils and for each soil among P-sources. In the clayey soil there was little difference with time between the two water soluble P-sources, both dry yield and P uptake, but in the sandy soil P uptake was significantly higher for poultry litter compared with triple superphosphate. Dry yield and P uptake were lower for phosphate rock with respect to both water soluble P-sources. In the clayey soil P uptake from the three P-sources with was mainly interpreted by the decrease of both the extracted and retained P, whereas in the sandy soil and for phosphate rock addition P uptake was described by the decrease of the retained P meanwhile extracted P was constant with time. Native P had little influence in both soil for all P-sources.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"23 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121016940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Impact of Climate Variability on Tea Farming on the Mambilla Plateau, Taraba State, Nigeria","authors":"Oruonye Ed","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000266","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the potential impact of climate variability on tea farming on the Mambilla Plateau, Taraba State, Nigeria. Data for this study was generated through primary and secondary sources. The primary data were generated from field observation. Secondary desk review of existing literature and online resources were used. Archival data on climatic elements were obtained from the Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority (UBRBDA) Meteorological stations at Gembu and Maisamari, both on the Mambilla plateau. The data was analyzed using inferential statistics such as simple correlation coefficient (r), regression and time series analysis. The result of the findings on the trends of annual rainfall in the study area shows that rainfall amount, length of rainy season (LRS) and relative humidity were decreasing, with late onset and cessation of rains in the area. The trend of maximum and minimum temperature as well as wind speed was increasing owing to increasing rate of deforestation in the area. Climate variability and change has both advantages and disadvantages to the growth and development of tea which ultimately affect its production. Variability in precipitation and temperature has considerable impacts on tea quality and yields by altering the quantities and types of pests and weeds in and around tea farms. The findings of the study reveal that the global surface temperature has changed and will continue to change in the nearest future. Hence, the need to devise suitable means of adaptation and mitigation to the challenges of climate change in the area. Based on the findings, the study recommends the use of improved tea crop variety, involvement of local communities in climate change adaptation strategies, increase dissemination of climate information and education of the farmers on most suitable local adaptation strategies.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122430941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycoprotein Producing AM Fungi lifecycle and Potential Role in Agricultural Plant Lifespan and Global Environmental Changes for Sustainable Green Technology","authors":"K. Prasad","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000250","url":null,"abstract":"The fungi forming arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) are obligate symbionts microbe that predominates with inside the roots and soil of land flora. AM fungi are monophyletic group of phylum Glomeromycota. The AM fungi now no longer simplest arise in roots however additionally produce hung networks of extraradical mycelium (ERM) indeterminate length, spreading from host roots into the encompassing soil and establishing belowground interconnections amongst plants belonging to the identical or to unique taxa, in which they form a dense mycelial network (MNW). Reproduction in AM fungi takes place via asexual spores, which might be produced at the hyphae tips. These thick-walled spores stay with inside the soil for prolonged periods of time. AM fungi facilitate host plants to develop vigorously beneath stressful situations with the aid of using mediating a chain of complicated conversation occasions among the plant and the AM fungus leading to enhanced photosynthetic rate and other gas exchange in addition to improved water. AM fungi provide key nutrients to host plant lifespan. AM fungi transfer phosphorus (P), other macro and micro nutrients, along with water to the hosts of grassland and tropical forest plants in exchange for sugars. AM fungi form a network of filaments that associate with plant roots and draw nutrients from the soil that the root system would not be able to access otherwise. AM fungus plant alliance stimulates plant growth and accelerates root improvement in nearly all crops. The AM fungal extraradical hyphae (ERH) alongside glomalin connected soil protein (GCSP) extensively influence the soil carbon dynamics (SCD) and enhance soil and plant health. They additionally increase the resistance in plants against plant pathogens and surface area of root system for higher absorption of nutrients from soil. Therefore, they can be used as biofertilizer in addition to biocontrol agent. Present manuscript delineated the prospective of AM fungi as a biostimulants can potentially strengthen plants' adaptability to converting Agriculture system for green technology","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122634110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Collaborations Influences Ecology and Environmental Changes for Global Sustainable Development","authors":"K. Prasad","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000231","url":null,"abstract":"Global environmental modification especially increasing atmospherical carbon dioxide concentration and temperature can have an effect on most ecosystems. The various responses of plants to those aspects of world environmental modification are well documented. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediated plant play a vital roles in worldwide ecosystems, and protects host plants against environmental stress together with the uptake and transfer of macro and micro nutrients, modification of the physical soil surroundings and alteration of plant interactions with different ecology and environment systems. Numerous studies have incontestable the potential for variation in mycorrhizal fungal diversity to additionally have an effect on ecosystem functioning, in the main via effects on primary productivity. Diversity in these studies is sometimes characterised in terms of the quantity of species, distinctive organic process lineages or complementary mycorrhizal traits, also because the ability of plants to discriminate among arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in area and time. However, the nascent outcomes of those relationships are sometimes indirect, and therefore context dependent, and difficult to predict with certainty. Central opinion of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal multifariousness, ecosystem function relationships that concentrate on the direct and specific links between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi fitness and consequences for their roles in ecosystems particularly highlight functional diversity in hyphal resource economics. In natural ecosystems, predict that world environmental modification effects on mycorrhizal fungal communities are going to be powerfully mediate by the impacts on plant communities to the extent that community level interactions can encourage be the key mechanism for determinative world environmental modification elicited changes in mycorrhizal fungal communities. It’s accepted that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi interdependency can cut back chemical fertiliser and pesticide inputs. Consequently, this may result in a reduction in harmful chemical substance impact on surroundings. The key effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi practical interdependency are often summarized as improving rooting and plant establishment, improving uptake of low mobile ions; improving nutrient cycling; enhancing plant tolerance to (biotic and abiotic) stress; improving quality of soil structure; enhancing plant community diversity and changes ecology and marginal/ novel environments. Present manuscript, the ecological and environmental characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on host plant, and ecologic significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal biotechnology in agricultural system and globe sustainable development were reviewed.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116416075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainfall Anomaly Index Valuation of Agricultural Production in Jakiri Sub-Division, Northwest Region, Cameroon","authors":"Suiven John Paul Tume","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000255","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to evaluate the impact of rainfall variability on agricultural production in Jakiri Sub-Division of the Northwest Region of Cameroon. Previous studies on the impact of climate on agriculture focused on stakeholder signatures to climate change adaptation to the agrarian sector of the Bui Plateau, which revealed that despites glaring consequences of climate, the Jakiri Council only allocates only 1% of its annual budget for climate action. Data sources for this study included the administration of 211 questionnaires to cover the three agro-ecological zones of Jakiri Sub-Division, rainfall data collected from UNVDA Ndop (lowland zone), National Meteorological Service (mid-altitude zone) and the Oku Wildlife Sanctuary (highland zone). The Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) was used in analysing rainfall data. Results revealed that rainfall is reducing as depicted by the increasing trends in RAI. Farmers also perceived that food crop production has been decreasing. Despite these perceptions, some crops like cassava that is drought tolerant has been increasing. Again, rice production at the WahsiBer Plain has been increasing. This calls for the development and production of more drought tolerant food crops to ensure sustainable rural livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122107807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Compost and Apatite on Pb Distribution in the Pb- Contaminated Soil","authors":"Shu Lung Kuo","doi":"10.23880/jenr-16000284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000284","url":null,"abstract":"There are various techniques for rehabilitating soils contaminated by heavy metals, such as physical treatment, chemical treatment, and phytoremediation. Pb-contaminated soils are mostly treated with soil mixing, soil dressing, or soil washing. In this study, hydroxyapatite powder and organic compost of different mix ratios were added to two kinds of high-concentration synthesized Pb-contaminated soils (1000 mg/kg), which were processed with sequential extraction schemes after different incubation periods in order to examine the distribution of Pb forms in them. The form distributions analyzed included the exchangeable form Pb (PbE), Fe-Mn oxidation form Pb (PbFe-Mn), organic bonded form Pb (PbO), and residual form Pb (PbR). The findings indicated that after stabilization for one month, the alkaline Tk series soil was less susceptible to Pb contamination when no hydroxyapatite and compost was applied, which made it more difficult for Pb in the soil to interact with cations and trigger exchange reactions. Next, the PbR concentrations of the two soils tested were higher after hydroxyapatite was added. This result suggested that hydroxyapatite helped to stabilize the Pb in the soil samples and prevented it from precipitating, thereby controlling the Pb concentration at a certain level to avoid contamination. Lastly, when hydroxyapatite and compost of different mix ratios were applied to the two kinds of Pb-contaminated soils, we found that the PbE concentration of the Tk series soil declined as the concentration of compost increased, suggesting that increasing the compost concentration raised the pH value of the soil and enhanced its fertility. On the other hand, the PbE concentration of the Lp series soil increased as the compost concentration rose, indicating that an increase in compost concentration hampered plants from absorbing soluble nutrients in the soil, thereby making it easier for Pb to precipitate via cation exchange and resulting in Pb contamination.","PeriodicalId":186239,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129726803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}