Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Paradigm Shift in Engineering Design Precipitated by the Advent of Miniaturized Systems","authors":"W. Nakayama","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1170","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The issues involved in the design of miniaturized systems are reviewed. In several respects the design of miniaturized systems requires departure from traditional engineering design. The design has to cope with a host of uncertainties simultaneously. The sources of uncertainties are all associated with reduced physical size of components and systems. A methodology is proposed in that the knowledge base is developed well in advance of actual design work, and a fast-to-use design code is made ready by the time the design work starts. For the knowledge base development conventional numerical simulation tools are applied to ‘template models’.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127439103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Product Complexity and Working Capital Risk Using Buyer Behavior and Hedge Packaging","authors":"G. Mitchell, Erika Wikstrom, Joseph Belcastro","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1184","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A manufacturing firm creates share-holder value by consistently earning a return on invested capital (ROIC) that exceeds its cost of capital (COC) (Copeland et al, 1995). The amount of value created is impacted directly by the amount of capital invested, highlighting the importance of effective capital allocation. Firms can add significant value through creative ways of balancing customer requirements and working capital needs. This paper describes a generic methodology that uses customer-buying behavior to construct product offerings that minimize working capital risk without impacting service performance.\u0000 The methodology is specifically applied in an environment where product and option offerings can result in thousands of final product configurations. In these complex manufacturing environments, high-velocity product configurations and option packages are used to create hedge packages (a form of dynamic safety stock) of components with longer lead times than market requirements for finished product delivery. In many cases, the lead times of very complex and costly components can exceed customer delivery requirements by a factor of 10. For example, customers may expect delivery of final products within one week, yet key components of the finished product may require ten or more weeks of lead-time. Further exacerbating the situation are the realities that the longest lead items are by nature very complex and costly, and sales forecasting is very difficult. If inventory is managed too aggressively, part shortages, frequent un-planning or rescheduling messages to vendors, late deliveries, poor service reliability, and lost revenues are typical results.\u0000 This paper describes a fact-based and market-based methodology to hedge the forecast of key product components and achieve the correct balance between working capital and service requirements. Central to the process is the use of the “Affinity Analysis” tool. This tool is used to process large arrays of product configuration data with the objective of recognizing significant affinities between elements. In an automobile example, when a customer purchases a manual transmission how often do they also choose sport suspension? Knowledge of all of the high-correlation or high-affinity product selections or options can be exploited in the material requirements planning process without having to individually forecast the usage of all options. Forecasting at the individual option level is very difficult and rarely correct. The knowledge of key component affinities facilitates the creation of high-velocity product configurations and option packages that maximize revenue and minimize working capital and manufacturing complexity.\u0000 The paper includes a description of the affinity analysis tool, the input and output files, how the tool is used, and how the high-velocity and hedge packages are created. Furthermore, the reader is provided with a sample application of the methodology in a complex heavy-equipmen","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127962049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the Energy and Engineering Industry From a Nuclear Power Perspective","authors":"James H. Nordahl","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1175","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this paper will be to discuss the role of nuclear power in world energy production during the 21st century. Nuclear power is currently a significant source of the global electricity supply, providing approximately 16% of the world’s electricity, and world consumption of nuclear power is continuing to grow. Worldwide nuclear capacity is projected to increase from 349 gigawatts (in 1998) to 368 gigawatts in 2010. Much of this near-term increase in nuclear capacity is due to aggressive plans for nuclear capacity expansion in Asia.\u0000 Longer term high growth projections for nuclear power include assumptions of limited reactor aging effects, with more reactors operating after license renewals. In early 2000, the USNRC issued the first license renewals for nuclear power plants, for a 20 year extension beyond the expiration of the initial license term. In addition, utilities have already notified the USNRC of plans to submit renewal applications for more than 20 units by 2003. License renewal is expected to be an attractive option for companies as the most inexpensive means of future electricity generation.\u0000 Another factor pointing towards the positive prospects for nuclear power in the future are the substantial improvements seen in plant safety, reliability and output over the last two decades. Due to improved management practices, higher reliability and output, and shorter refueling outages, the average production cost of US nuclear power plants has steadily decreased over the last five years. Based solely on economic factors, most US nuclear units should be able to compete in a competitive electricity market.\u0000 Many additional factors point to nuclear power as an energy source which will become increasingly important in the 21st century. These factors include environmental considerations such as carbon emissions from fossil fuels, reduced waste quantities produced by nuclear power, and the security of supply of uranium reserves.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115904081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Paradigms for Sustainable Society and Industries: Technology Conversion From One Way to Circulation","authors":"Yasuo Hamada, Hiroshi Honda","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1169","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In January 1998, the Vostok project team, under the collaboration between American, Russian and French scientists, discovered and mined an underground ice core of 3,623m deep in the East Antarcitica.1) As a result of the study on this ice core, the climate conditions of the earth for the past four hundred and twenty thousand years came out clearly, as if it were recorded on a magnetic tape, as shown in Figure 1. It can be seen that the data on concentration of CO2, CH4 and temperature among others for this period signal a warning for future activities of the entire humankind of the earth.1)","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129769760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating Environmental and Occupational Health Concerns for the Electronic Demanufacturing Industry","authors":"Luann B. Gibson","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1186","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There are numerous aspects of the electronics demanufacturing industry that may be scrutinized by Occupational Safety and Health regulators. In older computer equipment, there may be materials that have since been banned from use in industry, such as PCBs. Workers disassembling electronic equipment need to be able to recognize components containing this hazardous material. Disassemblers are also exposed to lifting and cutting hazards in their activities. Those who shred or grind their electronics may be exposed to particulated heavy metals or silica, as well as dangerous levels of noise. When electronic components are removed from circuit boards, melting the solder will release lead fumes that must be properly ventilated. Recent and pending changes in OSHA requirements will affect electronics demanufacturers. Forklift standards were revised March 1, 1999, silica exposure limits may soon be reduced, and an ergonomics standard is pending. Universal and waste must be properly handled and stored in ways that comply with regulations and protect the safety and health of the workers. As a new but growing industry, electronics demanufacturers and recylers must remain aware of potential errors that could cost tens of thousands of dollars in OSHA fines or workers’ compensation claims.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"446 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133564511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Florida’s Strategy for the Management of End-of-Life Computers, CRTs and Other Electronic Equipment","authors":"R. Clark","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1187","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recent estimates suggest that 160,000 computers will be discarded into Florida landfills in 1999, and that by 2005, this number could increase to 420,000 computers landfilled. Similarly, televisions discarded in Florida landfills may increase from 1,040,000 in 1999 to 1,200,000 in 2005. The cathode ray tubes (CRTs) in this equipment pose a major health concern, because of their lead content. Obviously, a well-planned strategy is required for managing discarded CRTs.\u0000 The strategy proposed here includes (1) specifying the regulatory framework to allow CRTs to exit the hazardous waste stream in certain cases; (2) promoting the recycling infrastructure by reimbursing some costs with state funds; (3) evaluating collection strategies and other management options through pilot programs; and (4) developing a state electronics recycling contract, possibly like the state fluorescent lamp recycling contract.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126392361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Paradigms in Electronics Cooling Engineering","authors":"D. Copeland","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1179","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As targets for future growth of aluminum products, we sees greatest opportunity in the three areas of automotive, energy and electronics. Within electronics, uses of aluminum include capacitor materials, magnetic disk substrates, printer/copier drums, and heatsinks. Of the first three areas, other materials may soon replace aluminum. In heatsinks, the high thermal conductivity, low density and low material cost of aluminum preclued serious competition from other materials. Cooling technology for modern servers, workstations and desktop computers has just begun a period of rapid change. As processor powers approach 100 watts, longstanding limits on air cooling are being challenged. The most recent changes are in the heatsinks themselves, as the longstanding manufacturing process of extruding is no longer capable of meeting new performance requirements. Skiving and folded fins, both established manufacturing technologies which can provide much finer features than extruding, are leading candidates for mass production of the new generation of heatsinks.\u0000 This study focuses on the history of evolution of an effective organization for bringing the new heatsink technologies to market, concentrating on development of a start-up unit within a large metals company and a host of relationships, both technical and business, outside the company. Metals companies have long been accustomed to the necessity of constant innovation. In Japan, which has negligible ore resources, all value added is found in processing and uniqueness of the product. As metals companies have made the transition from a supplier of various aluminum alloys in traditional form factors (rod, sheet, foil, etc.) to custom made-to-order products, the next transformation has begun. Heatsinks fall into the vague category of a semi-custom product — each customer has almost the same requirements, with slightly different exceptions to a standard part. Additionally, a product lifetime may be measured in months rather than years.\u0000 The computer market is dominated by large players but the size distribution tails off very slowly. 51% of the market is held by 6 companies, the largest with 14%. The remaining 49% features a wide distribution of market share and technical capabilities. This results in some customers with large staffs specializing in cooling technology, others with a small number (sometimes 1) of multidisciplinary mechanical/thermal engineers, and others with no engineering staff other than system integrators.\u0000 In order to address this wide and rapidly moving market, we have made alliances with makers of other electronics cooling components (fans, plastic housings, thermal interface materials), jointly developed products with computer and processor makers, and co-sponsored university research. This year (2000) saw a large-scale entry into the Gigahertz processor cooling market, with a focus on high level visibility at technical conferences and trade shows. As thermal concerns move from a ","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127117232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U.S. Patent/Intellectual Property Law: What Should Engineers Know?","authors":"Jeff E. Schwartz, Richard T. Girards, Karen A. Borrelli","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1190","url":null,"abstract":"Engineers, by the practice of their profession, regularly apply new methods and products to the end of solving old problems. These new methods and products may prove to be both commercially useful and financially valuable. The U.S. intellectual property system can afford such innovations broad protection from old fashioned “poaching” by securing for their creators/inventors powerful legal rights to such innovations.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127971551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision Support Tools for Managing Unpredictability in the Supply Chain","authors":"C. Vesier","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1183","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Effectively managing unpredictability requires decision support tools that can predict the financial and business outcomes of various supply chain strategies. This paper will discuss the role of these decision support tools and their characteristics as well as review a case study. In the case study, decision support tools facilitated development of strategies that increased after tax profit by $140 Million. These strategies included:\u0000 • Reliability improvement strategy: Identifying the reliability improvements that offered the biggest profitability impact.\u0000 • Supply chain strategy: Defining inventory management and production scheduling rules that ensured order shipment within two days.\u0000 • Capital investment strategy: Defining when new capacity should come on line as well as the minimum capital investment.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131639084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology in the Global Economy","authors":"Hiroshi Honda","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1180","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 National and regional economies have become increasingly bound to a global economy with the availability of advanced communication, information and transportation technologies among others, while the advancement of science and technology in general has served as a driving engine for economic and industrial development of local and national economies, and subsequently for those of regional and global economies with substantial time lags in the past millennium. The globalization has given a significant impact on each society by accelerating instant and/or speedy flows of information, money, commodity, energy and human beings, and thus has provided increasingly equal opportunities to societies around the globe for the development of business and technology. Nevertheless, characteristics and specific boundary conditions of local areas, nations and regions still characterize the business and technological opportunities for specific communities.\u0000 The global constraints such as limitation in natural resources and energy, and the global environmental issues have driven human beings to challenge a huge task for the new and renewable energy development, environmental protection, and development and utilization of space and other frontiers such as deep underground and deep seas, on a global scale of competition and cooperation. Under these circumstances, we will need to manage the risk and development of our business and technology increasingly from global perspectives, with due consideration on the global constraints and specific characteristics of the focused local societies. This paper is intended to set scene and raise issues for discussion at the subject symposium of ours.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131382106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}