Microsurgery最新文献

{"title":"Targeted Nipple Areola Complex Reinnervation in Gynecomastia Mastectomy: A Case Report","authors":"Elizabeth E. Blears,&nbsp;Katya Remy,&nbsp;Silviu Diaconu,&nbsp;Ian L. Valerio,&nbsp;Lisa Gfrerer","doi":"10.1002/micr.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Targeted nipple areola complex (NAC) reinnervation (TNR) to restore nipple and chest sensation has been previously described in patients undergoing breast reconstruction and gender-affirming mastectomy. A healthy 32-year-old male, with grade II gynecomastia with severe skin laxity and a BMI of 25 kg/m², underwent bilateral mastectomy with free nipple grafting (FNG) for persistent gynecomastia and chest wall soft tissue laxity. The mastectomy weight was 242.5 (range: 242–243) grams. Three lateral intercostal nerves (3rd, 4th and 5th) were preserved and directly coaptated to the new NAC on each side. Quantitative and patient-reported sensory evaluation was conducted at 18 months follow-up, revealing a median monofilament detection threshold of 3.61 (range: 2.83–3.61) at the NAC and 2.83 (2.83–3.61) at the chest wall as well as pain from pressure at a median of 100.0 kPa (range: 77.4–122.5) at the NAC and 151.5 kPa (range: 116.6–183.3) at the chest. While the median two-point discrimination was 3.0 cm (range: 1.5–4.0) at the chest wall, two-point discrimination could not be detected at the NAC. The patient was “very satisfied” with nipple and chest sensation and did not report any nipple hypersensitivity, nipple/chest pain, or phantom sensation/pain. TNR was able to restore various quantitative and patient-reported sensory functions at the NAC and chest with high patient satisfaction. This report provides the first quantitative sensory outcomes from TNR for restoration of sensation after mastectomy for the treatment of gynecomastia in a male patient.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18600,"journal":{"name":"Microsurgery","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally Invasive Bilateral Autologous Breast Reconstruction by Double SCIP-SB Free Flap With Internal Mammary Perforator and Rib-Sparing Internal Mammary Anastomoses: A Case Report","authors":"Federica Martini,&nbsp;Matteo Meroni,&nbsp;Mario F. Scaglioni","doi":"10.1002/micr.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Minimizing invasiveness has become a primary goal in autologous breast reconstruction, with a shift toward perforator-based flaps over musculocutaneous flaps to reduce donor site morbidity. The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is considered the gold standard due to its reliable perfusion and high-level esthetic outcomes; however, it requires intramuscular dissection, which might be tedious and carry the risk of abdominal wall weakening. At the recipient site, traditional anastomosis techniques often involve the removal of costal cartilage, contributing to a higher morbidity and discomfort or long-lasting localized pain. A 56-year-old female patient presenting with a recurrent right breast tumor was referred to our department for a bilateral skin-reducing mastectomy and immediate autologous reconstruction. Preoperative imaging revealed small DIEA perforators and the presence of a suitable perforator of the superficial branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIP-SB) bilaterally. Intraoperative ICG evaluation confirmed adequate flap perfusion based on the SCIP-SB, allowing for flap harvest based on these vessels without opening the rectus fascia or performing intramuscular dissection. At the recipient site, on the right side, an internal mammary artery perforator was preserved and used for anastomosis, while on the left side, we isolated the internal mammary vessels in a rib-sparing fashion. This approach minimized morbidity at donor and recipient sites, improving postoperative comfort and recovery. The patient reported mild pain and no complications post-surgery and expressed high satisfaction at 6 months. This case highlights how focusing on the reduction of morbidity at different stages of the reconstructive procedure may allow obtaining better patient-centered outcomes. In this perspective, the SCIP-SB flap represents a viable, minimally invasive option, expanding the possible reconstructive choices in autologous breast reconstruction.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18600,"journal":{"name":"Microsurgery","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Self-Publication in Plastic Surgery Journals","authors":"Emma Levine,&nbsp;William Lineaweaver,&nbsp;Brian Drolet","doi":"10.1002/micr.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The general practice of journal editors publishing original articles in their own journals has been examined in several reviews. No such study has been reported for plastic surgery journals. This study analyzes editorial publication practice in plastic surgery journals over an 8-year period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective analysis of twelve PubMed indexed journals, including <i>Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS), Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open (PRS-GO), Annals of Plastic Surgery, Aesthetic Surgery Journal, Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Aesthetic Surgery (JPRAS), Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive, &amp; Aesthetic Surgery Open (JPRAS-Open), The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, Archives of Plastic Surgery, the Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery, Microsurgery,</i> and <i>Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery</i>. We reviewed all articles between 2014 and 2021 to identify articles published by the journal's editor. Editorials and articles appearing in supplements were excluded from this analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proportion of editor authorship ranged from 0% to 5.88%. We found that editors of <i>PRS</i> and <i>Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery</i> had a significantly greater authorship proportion than the other journals reviewed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study found that almost all the studied journals had original articles published by their respective editors. Two journals: <i>PRS</i> and <i>the Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery</i> had higher rates of editor article publication compared to the other journals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18600,"journal":{"name":"Microsurgery","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of “Spare Parts” En Bloc Anterior Compartment Myocutaneous Free Flap to Reconstruct the Transmetatarsal Amputation Stump After Contralateral Below Knee Amputation: Report of Two Cases","authors":"Puja Jagasia,&nbsp;Shivani A. Shah,&nbsp;Kazimir Bagdady,&nbsp;Gregory A. Dumanian,&nbsp;Megan E. Fracol","doi":"10.1002/micr.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of reconstruction after lower extremity amputation is to provide adequate soft tissue coverage that is compatible with prosthetics to optimize functional status. We present two cases where the anterior compartment myocutaneous free flap used in a “spare parts” fashion was valuable in preserving the length of residual limbs for patients needing simultaneous below-knee amputation (BKA) and contralateral transmetatarsal amputation (TMA). The first case involved a 48-year-old woman undergoing TMA and BKA to address bilateral lower extremity necrosis secondary to septic shock. The anterior compartment muscles were taken en bloc as a myocutaneous free flap measuring ~4 × 12 cm based on the anterior tibial artery. A standard BKA was completed with a posterior flap, and the flap was used to cover exposed metatarsals on the opposite limb. After 4 years, she had no complications or additional surgeries and was able to ambulate independently. The second case involved a 55-year-old woman undergoing BKA and TMA for bilateral lower extremity gangrene. Again, the anterior compartment muscles were taken as a myocutaneous free flap measuring ~5 × 15 cm to cover the resulting TMA defect. This patient underwent debulking at 2 and 10 weeks postoperatively, after which she had no complications at 1 year of follow-up and returned to independent ambulation. This technique provided effective soft tissue coverage and successfully preserved limb length without additional donor site morbidity. As a myocutaneous free flap, the anterior compartment muscles may effectively preserve the length of residual limbs in patients undergoing BKA and TMA, allowing for improved functional outcomes and quality of life.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18600,"journal":{"name":"Microsurgery","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical Study of SCIAP (Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator) and SIEA (Superificial Inferior Epigastric Artery) Flaps for Flap Harvest Training in the Swine Model","authors":"M. d'Alessio,&nbsp;S. Avvedimento,&nbsp;S. Castaldo,&nbsp;V. Manfellotto,&nbsp;D. Ciclamini,&nbsp;E. Grella,&nbsp;G. F. Nicoletti,&nbsp;P. Tos,&nbsp;S. D'Arpa","doi":"10.1002/micr.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.70056","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Microsurgery training necessitates a progression from basic to advanced techniques, utilizing artificial models, cadaver labs, and live animals. Living animals are of paramount importance to simulate flap harvest and have a real-life experience with immediate feedback on the quality of dissection. Pigs are effective models for flap harvest training since the anatomy is comparable to that of humans, and so are many flap models. This study introduces the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIAP) and superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flaps in pigs.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Materials and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Dissections were performed on 10 female swine (&lt;i&gt;Sus scrofa domesticus&lt;/i&gt;, ssp. Large white; 35–40 kg) during a perforator flaps dissection course organized by the Italian Society for Microsurgery (SIM: Società Italiana di Microchirurgia). Adhering to ethical guidelines and the 3R principles, animals were anesthetized and euthanized humanely post-procedure. Twenty SCIAP and 20 SIEA flaps were harvested: vessel anatomy and presence, anatomical landmarks, pedicle caliber and length, flap viability, and design were evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The SCIAP and SIEA were present on both sides in all animals (100%). The SCIAP was constantly found between 4 and 6 cm medially to the ASIS. After giving off the SCIAP, the SIEA always arose from the SCIAP continuing medially toward the abdomen, giving off small branches (4–8) to the skin. Mean pedicle length (distance between origin from the femoral vessel end entry into the flap) was 8.035 cm for the SCIAP artery (SD ± 0.09), 8.04 cm for the SCIAP vein (SD ± 0.11), 14.98 cm for the SIEA artery (SD ± 0.10), and 14.98 cm for the SIEA vein (SD ± 0.24). Mean arterial caliber was 2.201 mm for the SCIAP (SD ± 0.24) and 1.89 mm for the SIEA (SD ± 0.217). Mean vein caliber was 2.23 mm for the SCIAP (SD ± 0.18) and 2.14 mm for the SIEA (SD ± 0.162). In total, 20 SCIAP and 20 SIEA flaps were harvested. Two of them (one SCIAP and one SIEA) showed signs of hypoperfusion with a 95% viability rate. The SCIAP flap was located 4–6 cm medial to the ASIS, while the SIEA was found along a line connecting the ASIS and the midpoint of a line connecting the second and third nipples.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The SCIAP and SIEA flaps in pigs offer a valuable addition to microsurgical training, replicating important human flaps. Their consistent anatomy and the ability to harvest them in different positions enhance ","PeriodicalId":18600,"journal":{"name":"Microsurgery","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/micr.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral Humeral Pure Periosteal Flap for Nonunion of Humerus Pathologic Fracture in an Elderly Patient: A Case Report","authors":"Javier Buendía Perez,&nbsp;Beatriz Iniesta,&nbsp;Sergio Asensio Ramos,&nbsp;Francisco Soldado","doi":"10.1002/micr.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pathological fractures associate a complex tumoral microenvironment that can culminate in a complex bone nonunion. Surgical treatment with vascularized periosteal flaps has resulted into an excellent option in children because of their angiogenic and osteogenic properties; nonetheless, it has been scarcely reported in the adult. We present a case report that challenges the classical concept of not using pure periosteal flaps in the adult, widening surgical options for nonunion. A 67-year-old male patient diagnosed with multiple myeloma presented nonunion after pathological fracture in the left humerus. He was treated with a pedicled lateral humeral pure periosteal flap based in the posterior collateral radial vessels. It measured a 6 cm × 4 cm and was pedicled proximally, wrapping it around the nonunion site after compression plate osteosynthesis. Post operatory was uneventful and the patient was followed 9 months after surgery. Periosteal callus and bony bridges were formed 4 months after surgery. This case avoids the need of a free flap such as the Sakai, with conservation of the advantages of the cambium layer such as demonstrated in children.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18600,"journal":{"name":"Microsurgery","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fate of the Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle at the Donor Site After Fibula Flap Harvest: Assessing Muscle Viability Using Novel MRI Techniques – A Cohort Study","authors":"Yu-Ching Lin,&nbsp;Yu-Hsiang Juan,&nbsp;Nidal F. AL Deek,&nbsp;B. S. Tsun-Ching Chang,&nbsp;B. S. Yu-Jr Lin,&nbsp;Chee-Jen Chang,&nbsp;Fu-Chan Wei","doi":"10.1002/micr.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fibula flap dissection sacrifices the blood vessels to the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and other calf muscles. This novel MRI study investigates perfusion and fibrosis of the FHL muscle after fibula flap harvest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cohort study from September 2018 to January 2021, we prospectively recruited head and neck cancer patients who were planned to receive fibula flap transfer for jaw reconstruction. All participants received MRI before and one year after the operation. Muscle fibrosis was quantified via extracellular volume matrix fraction (ECV); muscle perfusion via time to peak (TTP), T2* change, and T2* slope by BOLD sequence. Muscle fibrosis and perfusion were compared before and after the operation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Total of 18 patients completed the study (mean age: 48.83 years). Significantly increased fibrosis was seen in the postoperative FHL muscle via elevated ECV (11.23%–32.54%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Despite prolonged TTP in postoperative FHL (38.17–51.83 s, <i>p</i> = 0.343), increased T2* change (8.43%–9.53%, <i>p</i> = 0.369), and increased T2* slope (0.22%–0.23%/s, <i>p</i> = 0.766), these muscle perfusion changes were not statistically significant. Postoperative complications, such as great toe clawing and donor site infection, were not observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite severe fibrosis within the FHL muscle after extensive dissection during fibula harvest and peroneal arterial ligation, the FHL muscle perfusion could be retained from an MRI perspective.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18600,"journal":{"name":"Microsurgery","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-Inset: Three-Dimensional Fibrin Glue Fixation of Microvascular Anastomosis and Pedicle in Free Tissue Transfer","authors":"Michalis Hadjiandreou,&nbsp;Youn Hwan Kim,&nbsp;Bilal Rafique,&nbsp;Samim Ghorbanian,&nbsp;Georgios Pafitanis","doi":"10.1002/micr.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.70051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18600,"journal":{"name":"Microsurgery","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Functional Donor-Site Morbidity in Scapular Bone Transfer","authors":"Estephania Candelo,&nbsp;John E. Richter Jr.,&nbsp;Oriana Arias-Valderrama,&nbsp;Phillip Pirgousis,&nbsp;Samip Patel","doi":"10.1002/micr.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the general perception of minimal donor-site morbidity associated with scapular free flaps, the surgical harvest of scapular bone and subsequent reattachment of parascapular muscle have the potential to compromise postoperative shoulder function. A comprehensive assessment of functional impairment remains undocumented in the literature. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to thoroughly explore both subjective and objective donor-site morbidity following free flap surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL to locate articles addressing functional donor-site morbidity after the transfer of scapular bone. Qualifying articles reported scapular free flaps which utilized bone, including lateral border, medial border, and scapular tip. Each measured donor-site morbidity using at least one of these measures: Constant-Murley score (CM), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (DASH), shoulder range of motion (ROM), and shoulder strength.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search culminated in 16 eligible studies, incorporating data from 316 cases. The CM was employed in five studies, yielding mean values from 60.6 to 95, while the DASH was utilized in nine studies, with means ranging from 10.44 to 46.7. Compared to normative values, these CM and DASH scores reflected negligible to mild impairment in shoulder function. Additional evaluations of shoulder ROM, conducted in four studies, revealed modest yet statistically significant reductions in flexion, abduction, and external rotation. Three studies measuring shoulder strength reported associated mild weakening of these motions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review enables healthcare providers to characterize the probable scope of shoulder dysfunction following scapular bone harvest. Patient-reported outcomes imply a high tolerance for the procedure, while objective measures denote the potential for substantial restoration of shoulder function approaching preoperative levels. To augment the understanding of functional recovery, future research should incorporate a comparative analysis of preoperative and postoperative functional metrics for each subject.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18600,"journal":{"name":"Microsurgery","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on the Delphi Study, “Consensus Recommendations for Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome From the INTOS Workgroup”","authors":"A. Lee Dellon","doi":"10.1002/micr.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.70053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18600,"journal":{"name":"Microsurgery","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}